SlideShare a Scribd company logo

Independent lab report wine glass

•Download as DOCX, PDF•
•
D
david1dave

1) The document summarizes an experiment that investigated how the temperature of water in a wine glass affects the resonant frequency produced when the glass is rung. Different water temperatures were tested, and it was predicted that frequency would decrease with increasing temperature. 2) The results showed no change in frequency across the tested temperatures, contradicting the prediction. Graphs of temperature vs. frequency produced straight lines with a slope of zero, indicating the variables were constant. 3) It was concluded that, within the tested temperatures, the water temperature did not affect the resonant frequency of the wine glass when rung. Further research with wider temperature ranges could potentially yield different results.

1 of 7
Downloaded 39 times
DavidBatchelor October19, 2010 Period7, Physics The Effect of Temperature on Frequency in a Wine Glass Introduction Have you ever rotated your finger around the rim of a wine glass? When done correctly, a sound is created thus receiving the name “singing wine glass”. When different amounts of water are added to the glass, different sound pitches are created. In this Independent Research lab, the main goal was to find out how temperature affects sound. In other words, how does the temperature of the water in a wine glass affect the resonant frequency created by making the wine glass “sing”? The theory behind the question is simple. As the temperature of the water in the wine glass decreases, the temperature of the wine glass itself decreases causing it to contract thus creating less space for sound to resonate consequently creating a higher frequency. In contrast, as the temperature of the water increases, the temperature of the wine glass increases causing it to expand thus creating more space for sound to resonate therefore creating a lower frequency sound. The predictions made for this experiment more or less followed the guidelines of the theory. As the temperature of the water increases, the frequency decreases. Likewise, as the temperature of the water decreases, the frequency increases. 1 2 3 Microphone LoggerPro Device Water Heater GraduatedCylinder Beakerof ice water Surface TemperatureProbes Figure 1: This is a diagram of the materials and general procedures used throughout the experiment.
Procedure The setup of the lab involves a wine glass that has three different surface temperature probes that are positioned at three different locations; one on the top (1), middle (2) and bottom (3) (see Figure 1 for reference). All three temperature probes are connected to a computer program called “logger pro” where the temperatures are recorded into the computer. A microphone is also integrated with Logger Pro so the frequency can be recorded as an FFT graph which displays the peak frequency. The FFT graph on Logger Pro is set at 0.2 seconds which reads 10,000 samples per second. To take the data, one partner holds the microphone above the wine glass while the other partner rotates his/her finger around the rim of the wine glass to achieve the “singing wine glass sound”. Additionally, a beaker of ice cold water and a water heater is on standby until different temperatures of water are needed for the experiment. Furthermore, the dimensions of the wine glass are 6.1 cm for the diameter of the opening of the glass, 0.05 cmfor the thickness of the wall of the wine glass, 16.51 cmfor the height and 9 cm for the height (not including the stem and base). The temperature probes are taken off the wine glass while recording frequency as this would obstruct the frequency reading. 100ml of water (measured with a graduated cylinder) is used for every single water temperature and trial so that the data is consistent throughout the experiment. In the experiment, the independent variable is the temperature of the water and the dependent variable would be the resonant frequency as a result of ringing the wine glass. The controlled variables are the wine glass, the temperature of the room and the microphone as well as the person making the noise from the wine glass. The temperature of the room is always kept constant as long as nobody turns off the air conditioner. Five different water temperatures are used throughout the experiment with three trials given to each temperature. Data Processing Table 1: This table displays the different temperatures collected using three different surface temperature probes. In addition, table 1 shows the different levels of temperature used such as “coldest, cold, room temp and hot”. As shown in Figure 1, the three temperature probes are Temperature of Probes (± 0.1 ˚C) Water Temperature Level Probe 1 Probe 2 Probe 3 Average (P1-P3) Average (P1-P2) Coldest 25.6 17.2 12.0 18.3 21.4 Cold 26.1 21.0 20.0 22.4 23.6 Room Temperature Water 26.6 27.0 27.0 26.9 26.8 Hot 30.8 36.9 33.0 33.6 33.9 Hottest 37.3 48.6 40.4 42.1 43.0
placed in three different locations because the temperature of the wine glass is different on the top of the glass than the bottom of the glass. Additionally, the averages for Probes 1 and 2 were taken separately. In Diagram 1, the positioning of the temperature probes had certain inaccuracies. The inaccuracy of temperature probe 3 was the fact that it was positioned on thicker glass. When a glass is rung, the only parts of the glass that vibrate are the thin walls of the glass; around the same location of probe 1 and 2. However the positioning of probe 3 was on thick glass where there is no vibration. Thus, the average temperatures of probe 1 and 2 were taken separately to see if the exclusion of probe 3 had an effect on the overall results. Frequency of Glass (±2.0 Hz) Water Temp Level Trial 1 Trial 2 Trial 3 Average Coldest 1193 1193 1196 1194 Cold 1193 1193 1193 1193 Room Temperature Water 1193 1190 1193 1192 Hot 1193 1193 1193 1193 Hottest 1193 1193 1193 1193 Table 2: This table shows the frequencies recorded for all the different temperatures of the wine glass. As you can see from the data recorded, the different temperatures had no apparent effect on the resonation frequency of the wine glass which was different from what was predicted and expected before the experiment was carried out. Instead of seeing a decrease or increase in frequency as a result of temperature change, the frequency remained almost entirely constant. Figure 2: Thisa sample FFTgraph that displaysthe peakfrequencyof the firsttrial of a hotwater sample.Asyoucan see,the peakfrequencyforthistrial is1193.24. Almostall of the trialsstayed on thispeakexceptfortwowhichwere onlyafew Hz off
Figure 3: In this graph, the average temperatures as well as the average frequencies are shown. As you can see, the different temperatures did not affect the frequencies thus forming a straight linear line with a slope of zero passing through all uncertainty bars.
Figure 4: In this graph, the relationship between the average temperatures of probes 1 and 2 and the average frequencies are shown. As explained earlier, the average temperatures for probe 1 and 2 were taken to see if the exclusion of probe 3 had any effect on the final results. As a result, the exclusion of probe 3 didn’t have any effect on the final result as the line in the graph stayed linear with a slope of zero.
Conclusion As a result of the data that was gathered throughout the experiment, the final results were very different from what was expected and predicted. After all the data was gathered, averages of temperatures and frequencies were made and put into tables and graphs for a better understanding of the data. When the data was put into the graph, there was no noticeable change in the data. As shown in figures 3 and 4, a straight linear line with a slope of zero was formed for all the data found thus concluding that all the data was constant. It can also be determined that the data was constant as well as fairly accurate because the line goes through all five relatively small uncertainty bars. As a result of the data found, our theory and prediction were not supported. The ideal line in terms of the original theory was supposed to have a slope because as one increases, the other must decrease and vice versa. However the final graph formed did not support this theory at all. It can be concluded that the temperature of the water in a wine glass does not affect the resonant frequency of the wine glass when rung. Although this is a perfectly good result, it doesn’t mean that the same results will be achieved with higher quality materials and lower limitations. It can be inferred that if given far lower and far higher temperatures, and better instruments, a change could be found and a slope could be achieved in the final graph. I believe that there is a high level of confidence in this experiment. The fact that the line in the final graph passed through all five points and ran through all five relatively small uncertainty bars chows that the data was reliable and accurate. I am confident with my data that this exact experiment could be conducted elsewhere in the world and they would get more or less the exact same constant trend in their data. I believe that this data can be universally applicable to anyone in the world however only to a certain extent. The temperatures used in the experiment ranged from 20 C to about 60 C; as these are real temperatures of liquid that one may possess in their wine glass any normal day that this can be universally applicable to anyone. However, the use of extremely high and extremely low temperatures may not be achievable or accessible to some people. Therefore this experiment is universally applicable to a certain extent.
Evaluation There were a few places in which this experiment could have gone better during the entire process. First, the temperature of the room was always altering when students turned the air conditioning on and off. As a result of this, the changing room temperature could have affected the data results. Second, during the experiment, the actual temperature of the water was not recorded with a thermometer. Instead we relied on the surface temperature probes. If the temperature was taken directly from the water then that could have given us a better sense of accuracy when measuring the temperature of the water. Further Research Some suggestions for further research in this field would require the achievement of extremely high temperatures and extremely low temperatures. This would allow one to find out if temperature really does have an effect on the frequency of a wine glass. Another suggestion could be different shaped wine glasses. This could further expand one’s understanding of the wine glass as oppose to the different temperatures.

More Related Content

Independent lab report wine glass

  • 1. DavidBatchelor October19, 2010 Period7, Physics The Effect of Temperature on Frequency in a Wine Glass Introduction Have you ever rotated your finger around the rim of a wine glass? When done correctly, a sound is created thus receiving the name “singing wine glass”. When different amounts of water are added to the glass, different sound pitches are created. In this Independent Research lab, the main goal was to find out how temperature affects sound. In other words, how does the temperature of the water in a wine glass affect the resonant frequency created by making the wine glass “sing”? The theory behind the question is simple. As the temperature of the water in the wine glass decreases, the temperature of the wine glass itself decreases causing it to contract thus creating less space for sound to resonate consequently creating a higher frequency. In contrast, as the temperature of the water increases, the temperature of the wine glass increases causing it to expand thus creating more space for sound to resonate therefore creating a lower frequency sound. The predictions made for this experiment more or less followed the guidelines of the theory. As the temperature of the water increases, the frequency decreases. Likewise, as the temperature of the water decreases, the frequency increases. 1 2 3 Microphone LoggerPro Device Water Heater GraduatedCylinder Beakerof ice water Surface TemperatureProbes Figure 1: This is a diagram of the materials and general procedures used throughout the experiment.
  • 2. Procedure The setup of the lab involves a wine glass that has three different surface temperature probes that are positioned at three different locations; one on the top (1), middle (2) and bottom (3) (see Figure 1 for reference). All three temperature probes are connected to a computer program called “logger pro” where the temperatures are recorded into the computer. A microphone is also integrated with Logger Pro so the frequency can be recorded as an FFT graph which displays the peak frequency. The FFT graph on Logger Pro is set at 0.2 seconds which reads 10,000 samples per second. To take the data, one partner holds the microphone above the wine glass while the other partner rotates his/her finger around the rim of the wine glass to achieve the “singing wine glass sound”. Additionally, a beaker of ice cold water and a water heater is on standby until different temperatures of water are needed for the experiment. Furthermore, the dimensions of the wine glass are 6.1 cm for the diameter of the opening of the glass, 0.05 cmfor the thickness of the wall of the wine glass, 16.51 cmfor the height and 9 cm for the height (not including the stem and base). The temperature probes are taken off the wine glass while recording frequency as this would obstruct the frequency reading. 100ml of water (measured with a graduated cylinder) is used for every single water temperature and trial so that the data is consistent throughout the experiment. In the experiment, the independent variable is the temperature of the water and the dependent variable would be the resonant frequency as a result of ringing the wine glass. The controlled variables are the wine glass, the temperature of the room and the microphone as well as the person making the noise from the wine glass. The temperature of the room is always kept constant as long as nobody turns off the air conditioner. Five different water temperatures are used throughout the experiment with three trials given to each temperature. Data Processing Table 1: This table displays the different temperatures collected using three different surface temperature probes. In addition, table 1 shows the different levels of temperature used such as “coldest, cold, room temp and hot”. As shown in Figure 1, the three temperature probes are Temperature of Probes (± 0.1 ˚C) Water Temperature Level Probe 1 Probe 2 Probe 3 Average (P1-P3) Average (P1-P2) Coldest 25.6 17.2 12.0 18.3 21.4 Cold 26.1 21.0 20.0 22.4 23.6 Room Temperature Water 26.6 27.0 27.0 26.9 26.8 Hot 30.8 36.9 33.0 33.6 33.9 Hottest 37.3 48.6 40.4 42.1 43.0
  • 3. placed in three different locations because the temperature of the wine glass is different on the top of the glass than the bottom of the glass. Additionally, the averages for Probes 1 and 2 were taken separately. In Diagram 1, the positioning of the temperature probes had certain inaccuracies. The inaccuracy of temperature probe 3 was the fact that it was positioned on thicker glass. When a glass is rung, the only parts of the glass that vibrate are the thin walls of the glass; around the same location of probe 1 and 2. However the positioning of probe 3 was on thick glass where there is no vibration. Thus, the average temperatures of probe 1 and 2 were taken separately to see if the exclusion of probe 3 had an effect on the overall results. Frequency of Glass (±2.0 Hz) Water Temp Level Trial 1 Trial 2 Trial 3 Average Coldest 1193 1193 1196 1194 Cold 1193 1193 1193 1193 Room Temperature Water 1193 1190 1193 1192 Hot 1193 1193 1193 1193 Hottest 1193 1193 1193 1193 Table 2: This table shows the frequencies recorded for all the different temperatures of the wine glass. As you can see from the data recorded, the different temperatures had no apparent effect on the resonation frequency of the wine glass which was different from what was predicted and expected before the experiment was carried out. Instead of seeing a decrease or increase in frequency as a result of temperature change, the frequency remained almost entirely constant. Figure 2: Thisa sample FFTgraph that displaysthe peakfrequencyof the firsttrial of a hotwater sample.Asyoucan see,the peakfrequencyforthistrial is1193.24. Almostall of the trialsstayed on thispeakexceptfortwowhichwere onlyafew Hz off
  • 4. Figure 3: In this graph, the average temperatures as well as the average frequencies are shown. As you can see, the different temperatures did not affect the frequencies thus forming a straight linear line with a slope of zero passing through all uncertainty bars.
  • 5. Figure 4: In this graph, the relationship between the average temperatures of probes 1 and 2 and the average frequencies are shown. As explained earlier, the average temperatures for probe 1 and 2 were taken to see if the exclusion of probe 3 had any effect on the final results. As a result, the exclusion of probe 3 didn’t have any effect on the final result as the line in the graph stayed linear with a slope of zero.
  • 6. Conclusion As a result of the data that was gathered throughout the experiment, the final results were very different from what was expected and predicted. After all the data was gathered, averages of temperatures and frequencies were made and put into tables and graphs for a better understanding of the data. When the data was put into the graph, there was no noticeable change in the data. As shown in figures 3 and 4, a straight linear line with a slope of zero was formed for all the data found thus concluding that all the data was constant. It can also be determined that the data was constant as well as fairly accurate because the line goes through all five relatively small uncertainty bars. As a result of the data found, our theory and prediction were not supported. The ideal line in terms of the original theory was supposed to have a slope because as one increases, the other must decrease and vice versa. However the final graph formed did not support this theory at all. It can be concluded that the temperature of the water in a wine glass does not affect the resonant frequency of the wine glass when rung. Although this is a perfectly good result, it doesn’t mean that the same results will be achieved with higher quality materials and lower limitations. It can be inferred that if given far lower and far higher temperatures, and better instruments, a change could be found and a slope could be achieved in the final graph. I believe that there is a high level of confidence in this experiment. The fact that the line in the final graph passed through all five points and ran through all five relatively small uncertainty bars chows that the data was reliable and accurate. I am confident with my data that this exact experiment could be conducted elsewhere in the world and they would get more or less the exact same constant trend in their data. I believe that this data can be universally applicable to anyone in the world however only to a certain extent. The temperatures used in the experiment ranged from 20 C to about 60 C; as these are real temperatures of liquid that one may possess in their wine glass any normal day that this can be universally applicable to anyone. However, the use of extremely high and extremely low temperatures may not be achievable or accessible to some people. Therefore this experiment is universally applicable to a certain extent.
  • 7. Evaluation There were a few places in which this experiment could have gone better during the entire process. First, the temperature of the room was always altering when students turned the air conditioning on and off. As a result of this, the changing room temperature could have affected the data results. Second, during the experiment, the actual temperature of the water was not recorded with a thermometer. Instead we relied on the surface temperature probes. If the temperature was taken directly from the water then that could have given us a better sense of accuracy when measuring the temperature of the water. Further Research Some suggestions for further research in this field would require the achievement of extremely high temperatures and extremely low temperatures. This would allow one to find out if temperature really does have an effect on the frequency of a wine glass. Another suggestion could be different shaped wine glasses. This could further expand one’s understanding of the wine glass as oppose to the different temperatures.