GOVT.

COLLEGE OF NURSING
C.R.P LINE INDORE
Effectiveness of vedio assisssted teaching programme on
knowledge regarding importance of play therapy among
mothers of toddlers in selected (west zone) urban area of
indore.

GUIDE
MRS. T. NAPHTALI SUBMITTED BY
CO. GUIDE DEEPIKA KUSHWAH
M.SC [N] FINAL YEAR
MR. S. PADIHAR
CHILD HEALTH NURSING
GOVT. COLLEGE OF GOVT. COLLEGE OF NURSING
NURSING
 OUTLINE
• Title of the study
• Objective Of The Study
• Hypothesis
• Introduction
• Background Of The Study
• Need For The Study
• Operational Definition
• Conceptual Framework
• Review Of Literature
• Methodology
• Data Analysis & Interpretation
• Summary
• Implications Of The Study
 TITLE OF THE STUDY
Effectiveness of vedio assisssted teaching
programme on knowledge regarding
importance of play therapy among
mothers of toddlers in selected (west
zone) urban area of indore.
CHAPTER – 1
INTRODUCTION
 BACK GROUND OF THE STUDY
• Children are future hope of human being.
Todays children will be the masters of
succeeding world. Nelson Mandela has aptly
said : “children are our greatest treasure .
they are our future”. It, therefore becomes
mandatory for every nation and every society
to nurture a strong ; healthy and intellectual
child.
 Cont….
• Research shows that play has many benefits for
children, families and the wider community, as well
as improving health and quality of life. Recent
research suggests that children's access to good play
provision can :
• Give them opportunity to mix with other children.
• Helps children with coordination, balance, motor
skills and spending their natural energy.
Cont….
• Allows children to use their creativity while
developing their imagination, dexterity, and brain
development.
• Children learn to think, read, remember, reason and
pay attention through play.
• Play lets them exchange thoughts , information, or
message by speech, signals, writing, or actions.
• Learn to cope with emotions likefear, frustration,
anger.
• Provide opportunity for developing social skills and
learning.
AAP (2012) states that play is a natural tool for children to
develop resiliency as they learn to co-operative, over come
changes and negotiate with others. Play also allows children
to be creative.
The population of India is estimated at1,369,566,180 as of
Tuesday, September 24. As per the details from census 2011,
the total number of children in the age-group of 1-3 years are
15,87,89,287 of the total population in India. The total
population of Madhya Pradesh as per 2011 census
is72,626,809. The total child population (age 1-3) was
7,423,832. According to government of India 2011 census,
The actual population of Indore district is 3,458,873. The
child population between the age of 1-3 years were 403,996
of total population.
 NEED OF THE STUDY

At Global Level -
American academy of pediatrics 2018:
“The Power of Play: a pediatric role in
enhancing development in young children”.
the report states: Play is intrinsically
motivated and leads to active engagement
and joyful discovery.
Cont..
As indicated by recent literature Hamad
Salem Al Grad, P. Ester Mary, Abdullah
Baraik S Al Award, et al 2017, The play is
the sign language of children. It’s their
natural activity, through play children
express themselves, explore their world.
Cont..
At National Level - In India majority of mothers
responsible for upbringing a child and they have
a great impact on toddlers. They learn quickly as
teach by mother.
Dash M.2019, Play is an important medium for
children for several reasons. Play is a natural
language from which children express
themselves. Developmentally, play bridges the
gap between concrete experience and abstract
thought.
Cont...

At State Level - As to observe the global and

national scenario it is most important topic of
concern to enhance the knowledge of mothers
regarding play therapy as they are primarily
concerned with the children and required play
materials according to age group. Hence the
researcher wants to conduct a study to assess the
knowledge of the mothers in the particular
district and selected demographical area.
 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

A study to assess the effectiveness of

video assisted teaching programme on
knowledge regarding importance of
play therapy among mothers of
toddlers in selected (west zone) urban
area of indore in the year 2019-20.
 OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY
• To assess the pre-existing knowledge regarding
importance of play therapy among mothers of
toddlers.
• To evaluate the effectiveness of video assisted
teaching programme regarding importance of
play therapy among mothers of toddlers.
• To find the association between the pre test
knowledge with selected demographic variables.
 HYPOTHESIS

• NULL HYPOTHESIS (H0 ) :- There will be no

significant difference between mean pre test
knowledge and mean post test knowledge score after
administration of video assissted teaching programme
on importance of play therapy among mothers of
toddler.
• RESEARCH HYPOTHESIS (H1):- There will be a
significant difference between pretest and post test
knowledge score on importance of play therapy
among mothers of toddlers.
 OPERATIONAL DEFINITION
• Assess: - It means to evaluate knowledge of
mothers of toddlers through self structured
knowledge questionnaire regarding importance of
play therapy.
• Effectiveness: - It refers to the extent to which the
video assisted teaching programme has achieved
the desired outcomes as measured in terms of
increase in knowledge of mothers of toddlers as
evident from gain in post test knowledge score.
Cont…
• Video assisted teaching programme: - It this study it
refers to the systematically arranged information
regarding the definition, importance, types, development
with play, varieties of play materials according to the age
group and the toys designed to teach with self prepared
video regarding play therapy for toddlers.
• Knowledge: - Knowledge refers to the correct responses
given by the mothers of toddlers to the items provided
through a structured knowledge questionnaire.
Cont…
• Play therapy: - Play is an enthusiastic activity
of each and every children, spending time with
toys, games at natural setting. That helps the
child to develop creativity, intellectual activities
and more helps in their physical and
psychological development.
• Toddlers: - In this study it refers to the child
with an age group of 1-3 years.
• Mothers of toddlers: -In this study refers to the
mothers who have children between age of 1-3
years.
 DELIMITATIONS
• The assessment of knowledge score is
obtained through onlyoffline response to
the structured knowledge questionnaire.
• The study is delimited only mothers of
toddlers of selected urban area of Indore.
• Duration of the study is limited.
 CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK

• The conceptual Framework for this

study was derived from the concepts of
“Stuffle Beam Model”. It is a
comprehensive framework for
evaluating programmes.
 CHAPTER -2
REVIEW OF LITERATURE
 REVIEW OF LITERATURE
The literature review that was undertaken for
the purpose of conducting this study has been
presented under the following headings:
• Reviews related to importance of play
therapy.
• Reviews related to knowledge of play
among mothers.
• Reviews related to effectiveness of video
assisted teaching programme.
 REVIEWS RELATED TO IMPORTANCE OF
PLAY THERAPY
• Lai, N. K, Ang, T. F, Por, L & Liew, C (2018) conducted
a study on impact of play on child’s development. There
were five common research methods used by the
researcher for the two-age group. The qualitative approach
(34.9%) was most popular research method for
preschoolers and lower primary children, followed by the
quasi-experimental approach (25.6%). The majority of the
collected studies favored group play (69.8%). Group play
promotes social and emotional competence among
children and help them to learn adaptive behavior and
effective communication skills. It also encourages
competition between peers.
 REVIEWS RELATED TO KNOWLEDGE
OF PLAY AMONG MOTHERS.

• Selvaraj.S, Subramanian.G (2020) conducted a

study to assess the knowledge and attitude
among the mothers of under 3years hospitalized
children regarding play therapy in selected
hospitals in Banglore. Descriptive survey
approach was used for the study. Purposive
sampling method were used to collect 100
samples. The collected data were analyzed using
descriptive and inferential statistics.
 REVIEWS RELATED TO KNOWLEDGE
OF PLAY AMONG MOTHERS.
• The results were shows that 19 % of women have
inadequate knowledge,55% of women have
moderately adequate knowledge,26% of women
have adequate knowledge. While 51 (51%) had
moderately favorable attitude,19 (19%) had
unfavorable while 30 (30%) had favorable
attitude. These findings showed that most of the
mothers had moderately adequate knowledge and
moderately favorable attitude regarding play
therapy of under 3 years hospitalized children.
 REVIEWS RELATED TO EFFECTIVENESS OF
VIDEO ASSISTED TEACHING PROGRAMM

• Rajesh.B (2020) conducted a study to assess the

effectiveness of video-assisted teaching program
on learning disabilities of school children among
primary school teachers in selected schools.
Quantitative research approach with one group
pre-test and post-test research design was adopted
for this study. Multistage cluster sampling
technique was used to select the participants
(n = 60). Primary school teachers of selected
schools at Palvoncha were selected for the study.
Cont..
• The results revealed that in the pre-test, among 60
subjects, 53 (88.3%) of the teachers had
inadequate knowledge, 5 (8.3%) had moderate
level of knowledge and 2 (3.3%) had adequate
level of knowledge regarding learning disabilities.
After video-assisted teaching program, post-test
was conducted. In that, majority 50 (83.3%) had
moderate level of knowledge and 10 (17%) had
adequate level of knowledge regarding learning
disabilities. This shows definite gain of knowledge
after video-assisted teaching program.
 CHAPTER -3
REASEARCH METHODOLOGY
RESEARCH APPROACH-
Pre experimental research approach
RESEARCH DESIGN
O1 X O2
(One Group Pre-test, Post-test Pre-Experimental Design)
Key:
• O1 - Pre Test knowledge-Score
• X - Treatment Variable (Video Assissted Teaching
Programme)
• O2- Post Test Knowledge Score.
 Target population
Mothers of toddlers in selected community of indore

Accessible population
Mothers of toddlers in west zone in indore

Research design
Pre experimental one group pre test post test research
design PHASE -1

Sample size\ sampling technique

40 mothers of toddlers\ purposive sampling

Tools and data collection

Structured knowledge questionnaire
 PRE- TEST(O1)
Administration of self- structured knowledge
questionnaire

INTERVENTION
Administration of video assisted teaching PHASE -2
programme

POST TEST (O2)

Administration of self structured knowledge
questionnaire

DATA ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION

Descriptive and inferential statistics

PHASE -3
MEASUREMENT AND FINDINGS

REPORTING THESIS
 VARIABLES UNDER STUDY
Two types of variables are identified in this study.
They were :
• Independent variable :video assissted teaching
programm regarding importance of play therapy
among the mothers of toddler.
• Dependent variable : pre test and post test
knowledge score of mothers regarding
importance of play therapy.
 SETTING OF THE STUDY
• The pilot study was conducted at janta colony
nanda nagar ,indore. It is an urban area under
the indore nagar parishad.
• The duration of pilot study was from
8/10/2020 to 9/10/2020.
• The main study conducted in pardeshipura
area, indore. The duration of the main study
from19/10/2020 to 25/10/2020.
 SAMPLE SELECTION CRITERIA
INCLUSION CRITERIA
• Mothers who have the 1 to 3 years old children.
• Mothers who are willing to participate in the study and
available at the time of data collection.
EXCLUSION CRITERIA
• Mothers who are not willing to participate.
• Mothers who are not available at the time of data
collection.
• Those who had any illness at the time of study.
 DEVELOPMENT & DESCRIPTION OF THE
TOOL
SECTION-A
Demographic data- It consist of
• Age of mother
• Religion
• Education of mother
• Occupation of mother
• Monthly income of the family
• Type of family
• Number of children between age group 1-3 years in the
family
• Source of information regarding play therapy
DEVELOPMENT AND DESCRIPTION OF THE
TOOLS
SECTION B
24 Structured knowledge questionnaire were
administered .
Scoring
GRADE SCORE
Excellent 19-24
Very good 13-18
Good 7-12
Average 1-6
 CONTENT VALIDITY OF THE TOOL

• The tools was submitted to ten experts from

the field of child health nursing along with
the blue print, operational definition, and
criteria checklist, and answer key to
establish the content validity. The experts
were requested to check for the relevance,
sequence and language of the tool.
PROCEDURE OF DATA COLLECTION IN
PILOT STUDY
• The written permission was obtained to
conduct the study from the chief medical and
health officer, indore.
• A total of 8 samples were selected by
purposive sampling as per the inclusion
criteria of the study.
• Samples were explain about the purpose of the
study, informed consent was taken.
PROCEDURE OF DATA COLLECTION IN
PILOT STUDY
• During the data collection procedure the
investigator introduced himself to the
students.
• Intervention was given through offline mode
• At the end of last session post-test was taken
on next day.
 RELIABILITY OF THE TOOL
• Split half method
• Then applied karl pearson formula
• Mean of x= 2.5
• Mean of y=3.08
• Sum of square of (x- mean of x)=5
• Sum of square of (y-mean of y)=10.07
• Product of (x-mean of x) (y-mean of y)=5.66
• R=5.66/7.09
• R=0.79
PROCEDURE OF DATA COLLECTION IN
MAIN STUDY
• Formal written permission was obtained from the
concerned authority of community health(CMHO)
before data collection.
• Data collection was done from 19/10/2020 to
25/10/2020.
• A sample of 40 mothers of toddlers were selected
using purposive sampling method.
• Investigator introduce herself and informed consent
was obtained after explaination of the purpose of
study.
PROCEDURE OF DATA COLLECTION IN
MAIN STUDY
• Pre-test was given using structured knowledge
questionnaire using offline mode.
• Immediately after pre- test video assissted
teaching programme were administered.
• The post test was conducted on 5th day after
pre- test to assess the effects of intervention.
 CHAPTER -4
DATA ANALYSIS
DATA ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION
SECTION I- frequency and percentage distribution of samples on the basis of
age in years
AGE OF MOTHERS

Percent

29-38 27.5
Age Of Mother

19-28

72.5

Percentage

The data presented in figure depicts the percentage distribution

among mothers of toddlers. among 40 mothers of toddlers, most
of the mothers 29(72.5%) were belonging to age group 19-28,
11(27.5%) were 29-38 years of age group.
FREQUENCY AND PERCENTAGE DISTRIBUTION
OF SAMPLES ON THE BASIS OF RELIGION

RELIGION OF MOTHERS
Percent

100
80
60 95
40
20
0
2.5
Hindu 2.5
Christian
Others
Figure evident that the majority of mothers 38 (95%) belongs
to hindu religion, 1 (2.5%) were from christian, 1 (2.5%) were
from other religion.
PERCENTAGE AND FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTION
ACCORDING TO FAMILY MONTHLY INCOME

FAMILY MONTHLY INCOME

Percent

47.5

27.5 25

10000-15000 15001-20,000 above 20,000

Figure reveals that 19 (47.5%) mothers laid between 10,000-

15,000 monthly Income of the family (in rupees) and 11
(27.5%) were between 15,001-20,000, 10 (25%) were having
more than 20,000.
FREQUENCY & PERCENTAGE DISTRIBUTION OF SAMPLES
ACCORDING TO NO. OF CHILDREN(1-3 YRS)

NO. OF CHILDREN (1-3 )YEARS

5% 5%

One child
Two children
Three children
35%
55% above Three children

Pie chart shows that 22 (55%) mothers had two children

(between 1-3 years age) in the family,14 (35%) mothers had
one child, while 2 (5%) mothers had three children, whereas
2(5%) mothers had more than three children in the family.
FREQUENCY AND PERCENTAGE DISTRIBUTION
OF SAMPLES ACCORDING TO TYPE OF FAMILY
TYPE OF FAMILY
5%

Nuclear family
10% 18%
Joint family
Extended
Single parent

68%

Pie chart depicts that majority of mothers 27(67.5%) were

belongs to joint family,7(17.5%) were from nuclear family,
while 4 (10%) were from extended family, whereas 2 (5%)
mothers were single parent.
 FREQUENCY AND PERCENTAGE DISTRIBUTION OF
SAMPLES ACCORDING TO EDUCATION OF MOTHERS

Education of mother
Percent

22.5 25
20 17.5
15

Figure shows that majority 10 (25%) mothers were educated up

to secondary education,9 (22.5%) mothers had no formal
education,8 (20%) mothers had middle level of education,
whereas 7(17.5%) mothers were graduate and post gradute,6
(15%) mothers had primary education.
 FREQUENCY AND PERCENTAGE DISTRIBUTION OF
SAMPLES ACCORDING TO OCCUPATION OF MOTHERS

OCCUPATION OF MOTHERS
57.5
60

50

40

30
22.5
12.5
20
7.5
10

Percent

Figure shows that 23 (57.5%) mothers were home maker, 9

(22.5%) were worked as private employee, 5(12.5%) mothers
were self employed while 3 (7.5%) mothers worked as
government employee.
 FREQUENCY AND PERCENTAGE DISTRIBUTION
OF SAMPLES ACCORDING TO SOURCE OF
INFORMATION
SOURCE OF INFORMATION

13%
Mass media (internet ,news paper,
33% radio, television)
Peer group
30%
Family members
Health workers
25%

Figure reveals that majority of mothers 13 (32.5%) got

information regarding play from mass media,10 (25%)
from peer group,12 (30%) women got information from
family members whereas only 5 (12.5%) got information
from health workers.
 SECTION II – THE PRE-TEST KNOWLEDGE SCORE OF
MOTHERS OF TODDLERS REGARDING IMPORTANCE
OF PLAY THERAPY
Grading Score Frequency(N) Percentage Mean Standard
(%) Score Deviation

Excellent (19-24) 00 00 10.75 2.743

Very good (13-18) 9 22.5%
Good (7-12) 29 72.5%
Fair (1-6) 2 5%

The data in the table no.3 depicts that 9 (22.5%) samples had
very good knowledge score ranging between (13-18) and 29
(72.5%) samples had good knowledge score ranging between
(7-12) and 2 (5%) samples was in fair knowledge score ranging
between (1-6) regarding importance of play therapy. The mean
pre-test score was 10.75 and standard deviation was 2.74.
PRE TEST KNOWLEDGE SCORE OF MOTHER

80
60
40
20 5
0 72.5
Fair (1-6)

22.5
Good(7-12)

V.good (13-18)

Percent

Bar chart represent the percentage of pre-test scores of videos

assisted teaching program on knowledge regarding importance
of play therapy among mothers of toddlers.
 SECTION III – THE POST-TEST KNOWLEDGE SCORE
OF MOTHERS OF TODDLERS REGARDING
IMPORTANCE OF PLAY THERAPY
Grading Score Frequency( Percentag Mean Standard
N) e (%) Score Deviation

Excellent (19-24) 10 25% 17.45 1.51

Very (13-18) 30 75%

good
Good (7-12) 00 00

Fair (1-6) 00 00
 POST-TEST KNOWLEDGE SCORE OF
MOTHERS

Percent
75

80
25
60
40
20
0
V. good (13-18) Excellent(19-24)

The figure exhibits that 75% of mothers had acquired very

good knowledge score ranging between (13-18) and 25% of
mothers were gained excellent knowledge score was between
(19-24) regarding importance of play therapy. The mean post
test score was 17.45 and standard deviation was 1.51.
 SECTION IV – EFFECTIVENESS OF VIDEO ASSISTED
TEACHING PROGRAM IN TERMS OF GAIN IN
KNOWLEDGE SCORE
Knowled Mea Standard Mean Standard Degree of Paired
ge score n deviation difference error mean freedom (df) ‘t’ value

Pre test 10.75 2.73 6.7 .494 39 13.56

Post test 17.45 1.51

Data in the table shows that the mean post test knowledge score
was (17.45) was higher than the mean pre test knowledge score
(10.75). The computed ‘t’ value (t39=13.56) was higher than the
table value (t39=2.023) at 0.05 level of significance. Hence the
research hypothesis H1 is accepted and it was inferred that the
mean difference between pre and post test knowledge score was
statistically significant.
 Mean Pretest Score and Mean Post Test Knowledge
Score

18

16

14
Percentage

12

Post Test; 17.45

10

8
Pre Test; 10.75
6

0
Pre Test Post Test
Test Score
 GRADING COMPARISON BETWEEN PRE-TEST
AND POST-TEST KNOWLEDGE SCORE
Score Grading of Pre -Test Post – Test
knowledge score
Frequency Percentage Frequency Percentage

1-6 Fair 02 5% - -

7-12 Good 29 72.5% - -

13-18 Very good 09 22.5% 30 75%

19-24 Excellent - - 10 25%

 Cont…
The data in the table depicts that in post-test majority of the
mothers of toddlers i.e. 30(75%) had score ranging
between 13-18 (very good), another 10 (25%) had
knowledge score ranging between 19-24(excellent score)
and 00% mothers had score ranging between 7-12 (good)
and 1-6 (fair). Compared to pre test where maximum of
mothers of toddlers 29 (72.5%) obtained score ranging
between 7-12 (good score) and 9 (22.5%) had score
ranging from 13-18 (very good score), while only 2 (5%)
had score ranging between 1-6 (fair score).it indicates a
considerable increase in knowledge scores and the
effectiveness of video assisted teaching program regarding
importance of play therapy among mothers of toddlers.
 COMPARISON BETWEEN PRE-TEST AND POST-TEST KNOWLEDGE
25 SCORES.

20
Klnowledge Score

15

10
pre
post
5

0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40

Mothers Of Toddlers

Line diagram showing comparison between pretest and

post-test knowledge scores of mothers of toddlers
regarding importance of play therapy.
 AREA-WISE PAIRED ‘T’ TEST SHOWING SIGNIFICANCE OF
DIFFERENCE BETWEEN PRE-TEST AND POST-TEST KNOWLEDGE
SCORE
S. Area Max. Mean Knowledge Mean Standard ‘t’ Test
No Score Score Differe Deviation
Pre Post Test nce
test

1.   Introduction, definition, 4 1.7 3.4 1.7 5.2 2.12*

purpose of play
2  Characteristics and 3 0.8 2.05 1.25 4.64 2.98*
importance of play
3  Play methods and 10 4.3 7.75 3.45 5.95 3.57*
factors influencing play

4 Selection and care of 7 3.25 4.75 1.5 6.099 2.19*

play materials and
storage and
maintainance of play
things.
(df = 39, t39 = 2.023 at levels p≤0.05) *significant
 Cont…
Data in table depicts that paired ‘t’ test was
used to test the significance of difference
between the pre-test and post-test knowledge
score of mothers of toddlers regarding
importance of play therapy in all areas, the ‘t’
value in four areas was significant at levels
P≤ 0.05. This reveals that the video teaching
programme was effective in increasing the
knowledge of mothers of toddlers.
 Section V – Association Between Pre-test Knowledge
Score With The Selected Demographic Variables
S. Selected Demographic Pre-Test Knowledge Score Chi-Square df
No Variables Fair Good V.Good Value
(1-6) (7-12) (13-18)
1 Age of mother (in years):      
a. 19-28 1 21 7 0.634 2
b. 29-38 1 8 2

The data represented in the table no.7 depicts that the computed chi-square value
(χ2=0.728 P ≤ 0.05) of age of mother shows that there was no significant association
between pre –test knowledge score and age. For degree of freedom 2, the table
value of ‘χ2’ was 5.99 at the level of 0.05. Hence, the computed ‘χ2’ value is lesser
than the tabulated value. In this way, it indicates there is no association between age
of mother as a demographic variable and pretest knowledge score
 Cont…

S. No Selected Demographic Pre-Test Knowledge Score Chi- df

Variables Fair Good V.Good Square
(1-6) (7-12) (13-18) Value

2 Religion:      
a. Hindu 1 28 9
9.837 4
b. Christian 0 1 0
c. Others 1 0 0

The computed chi-square value (χ2=9.837 P ≤ 0.05) of religion of

mother shows that there was significant association between pre –test
knowledge score and religion. For degree of freedom 4, the table value
of ‘χ2’ was 9.49 at the level of 0.05. Hence, the computed ‘χ2’ value
is greater than the tabulated value. In this way, it indicates there is
association between religion of mother as a demographic variable and
pretest knowledge score.
 Cont…
S. No Selected Demographic Pre-Test Knowledge Score Chi-Square df
Variables Fair Good V.Good Value
(1-6) (7-12) (13-18)

3 Education of mother:         8

a. No formal education 1 7 1  
 
b. Primary education 1 5 0
 
c. Middle education 0 7 1
11.001
d. Secondary education 0 7 3
e. Graduate /post graduate 0 3 4

The computed chi-square value (χ2=11.001 P ≤ 0.05) of education of mother

shows that there was no significant association between pre –test knowledge score
and education of mother. For degree of freedom 8, the table value of ‘χ2’ was
15.51 at the level of 0.05. Hence, the computed ‘χ2’ value is lesser than the
tabulated value. In this way, it indicates there is no association between education
of mother as a demographic variable and pretest knowledge score.
 Cont…
S. No Selected Demographic Pre-Test Knowledge Score Chi- df
Variables Fair Good V.Good Square
(1-6) (7-12) (13-18) Value

4  
Occupation of the mother:        
 
a. Home maker 1 18 4   6

b. Govt. employee 0 3 0 4.066

c. Pvt. Employee 1 5 3
d. Self employed 0 3 2

Hence, the computed ‘χ2’ value is lesser than the

tabulated value. In this way, it indicates there is no
association between occupation of mother as a
demographic variable and pretest knowledge score.
 Cont…
S. No Selected Demographic Pre-Test Knowledge Score Chi- df
Variables Fair Good V.Good Square
(1-6) (7-12) (13-18) Value

5. Monthly income of the          

family (in rupess):          
a. 10000-15000 1 12 6 3.004 4
b. 15001-20000 1 8 2
c. Above 20000 0 9 1
The computed chi-square value (χ2=3.004 P ≤ 0.05) of monthly income of the family
shows that there was no significant association between pre –test knowledge score
and education of mother. For degree of freedom 4, the table value of ‘χ2’ was 9.49 at
the level of 0.05. Hence, the computed ‘χ2’ value is lesser than the tabulated value.
In this way, it indicates there is no association between income of family as a
demographic variable and pretest knowledge score.
 Cont…
S. No Selected Demographic Pre-Test Knowledge Score Chi- df

Variables Fair Good V.Good Square

Value
(1-6) (7-12) (13-18)

6. Type of family:      
a. Nuclear family 0 4 3
b. Joint family 2 20 5 3.353 6
c. Extended family 0 3 1
d. Single parent 0 2 0
The computed chi-square value (χ2=3.35 P ≤ 0.05) of type of family
shows that there was no significant association between pre –test
knowledge score and type of family. For degree of freedom 6, the
table value of ‘χ2’ was 12.59 at the level of 0.05. Hence, the computed
‘χ2’ value is lesser than the tabulated value. In this way, it indicates
there is no association between type of family as a demographic
variable and pretest knowledge score.
 Cont…
S. Selected Demographic Pre-Test Knowledge Score Chi- df
No Variables Fair (1- Good (7-12) V.Good Square
6) (13-18) Value

7. Number of children between      

  age group1-3 years in the      

family:      
 
a. One child 0 10 4
  3.242 6
b. Two children 2 15 5
 
c. Three children 0 2 0
  d. Above 3 children 0 2 0
 
The computed chi-square value (χ2=3.24 P ≤ 0.05) of number of children between age
group 1-3 years in the family shows that there was no significant association between
pre –test knowledge score and number of children between age group 1-3 years in the
family. For degree of freedom 6, the table value of ‘χ2’ was 12.59 at the level of 0.05.
Hence, the computed ‘χ2’ value is lesser than the tabulated value. In this way, it
indicates there is no association between number of children between age group 1-3
years in the family as a demographic variable and pretest knowledge score.
 Cont…
S. Selected Demographic Variables Pre-Test Knowledge Score Chi- df
No Fair (1-6) Good (7- V.Good (13- Square
12) 18) Value

8 Source of information regarding      

play therapy:      
a. Mass media (internet, news 0 9 4
paper, radio, television)       5.695 6
b. Peer group 0  7 3
c. Family member 1 9 2
d. Health worker 1 4 0
The computed chi-square value (χ2=5.69 P ≤ 0.05) of source of information
regarding play therapy shows that there was no significant association between pre-
test knowledge score and source of information regarding play therapy. For degree of
freedom 6, the table value of ‘χ2’ was 12.59 at the level of 0.05. Hence, the
computed ‘χ2’ value is lesser than the tabulated value. In this way, it indicates there is
no association between source of information regarding play therapy as a
demographic variable and pretest knowledge score.
 CHAPTER – 5
IMPLICATIONS &
RECOMMENDATIONS
IMPLICATION OF THE STUDY
Nursing Practice
● The present study implies video assisted teaching programme to be an
effective strategy to enhance knowledge in the mothers regarding
importance of play therapy.
● Different AV aids can be used in imparting knowledge regarding importance
of play to various categories of mothers.
● Nurse should act as a facilitator to educate mothers regarding importance of
play therapy.
● Misconceptions related to play therapy can be eliminated based on the
findings to improve mother’s knowledge for better upbringing of the child.
● Video assisted teaching programme is very important tool for improving
knowledge and acceptance. It helps mothers to know importance of play
therapy.
● It brings knowledge and confidence among mothers which develops interest
about importance of play therapy.
 Cont…
Nursing Education
● Students can utilize the video assisted teaching programme
to give health education to mothers of toddlers.
● Teacher can utilize the video assisted teaching programme
to teach nursing students in classroom as well as clinical
settings.
● Nurse educators should encourage student nurses to
educate mothers about importance of play therapy and
motivate the mothers to practice it.
● Illustration of play materials must be included in pediatric
procedure.
● The nursing curriculum should have indepth content
regarding importance of play therapy.
…
Nursing Administration
● Nurse administrators can utilize the video assisted
teaching programme while conducting in service
education programme for directing and motivating staff
towards importance of play therapy.
● Nursing administration should implement reach programs
to make the mothers aware about importance of play
therapy.
● Mass media and health education programme should be
arranged to educate mothers regarding importance of play
therapy.
● Necessary administrative support should be provided to
conduct several activities and motivational programmes
regarding importance of play therapy.
Nursing Research
● Research studies should be conducted to assess
importance of play among father.
● This study can be effectively used by the emerging
researchers.
● Moreover, in India only a few studies were
conducted on this particular topic. This study will
serve as a valuable reference material for future
investigators. Dissemination of findings through
conferences and professional journals will make
the application of research findings to be effective.
● Qualitative research can be conducted on this area.
RECOMMENDATION
• On the basis of the findings of the study, it is recommended that,
1.A comparative study can be conducted among mothers of
different age group child to find effectiveness of video
assisted teaching programme regarding importance of play
therapy.
2.A similar study may be conducted on a larger population for
generalization of findings.
3.A study can be conducted to assess long term effects of
video assisted teaching programme in mothers of toddlers
regarding importance of play therapy.
4.An exploratory study may be conducted to identify the
attitude and practice of mothers of toddlers regarding
importance of play therapy.
5.The study can be conducted on experimental group and
control group.
 SUMMERY
The findings of the study revealed that there is
significant difference between the pre and post
test knowledge score regarding importance of
play therapy among mothers of toddlers.
Comparatively post- test knowledge score is
more than pre- test score. Results reveals that
there is no significant association between
selected demographic variables with knowledge
level of mothers except religion.
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 • UNPUBLISHED DESSERTATIONS
• Ukessay. (2018). “A study to assess the Effectiveness of Video Assisted Teaching Program (VATP) On Knowledge of Play in School Children Among Teachers In Selected Primary Schools Of Mangalore”. 2018;345(2): e20183908
• Yogman, M., Garner A, Hutchinson J, et al; AAP COMMITTEE ON PSYCHOSOCIAL ASPECTS OF CHILD AND FAMILY HEALTH, AAP COUNCIL ON COMMUNICATIONS AND MEDIA. “The Power of Play: A Pediatric Role in Enhancing Development in Young Children”. Pediatrics. 2018;142(3): e20182058.
• Whitebread, D., Neale, D., Jensen, H., Liu, C., Solis, S.L., Hopkins, E., Hirsh-Pasek, K. Zosh, J. M. (2017). “The role of play in children’s development: a review of the evidence (research summary)”. The LEGOFoundation, DK.
• ARTICELS
• Vasanthakumari.S., (2014).” A study on effectiveness of play therapy in promoting socialization among the mentally challanged children at muggappair east, chennai”.The Indian Journal of Psychiatric Nursing and Research. 06(8), pp. 903-905.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.56347/ijpnr.2014.17908.2624.
• Suryvanshi, N. R., Naregal, P. & Mohite, V. R. (2016).” Effectiveness of play therapy in reducing stress among the hospitalized children (6-12 years) undergoing surgery”. Indian Journal of Research.5 (8). ISSN-2250-1991.
• Suganya, S., Kamala, K. & Sridevi, R. (2020). “A Study to assess the effectiveness of video assisted teaching programme on knowledge regarding benefits of outdoor play among school going children (11-13 Years)”. CurrentPediatrics. 24 (2):187-193. ISSN: 0971-9032.
• Singh, Ina. Singh, Grace, Venkateshan, Mahalingam & Pugazhendi, et al... (2017). “A Study on Knowledge and Practice of Mothers on Play Therapy for Pre-school Children in Selected Anganwadi Centers of Doiwala, Dehradun”.International Journal of Nursing Education. 9. 108. 10.5958/0974-9357.2017.00046.0.
• Selvaraj, S. & Subramanian, G. (2020). “A study to assess the knowledge and attitude among the mothers of under 3 years hospitalized children regarding play therapy”.International Journal of Creative Research Thoughts. March;8(3).
• Rozario AAA, Joy D, Thomas R et al. “A study to assess knowledge of mothers regarding the selection of play materials for children in a selected hospital, calicut”.Int J Health Sci Res. 2018; 8(4):143-146.
• Rana, P., Latha, P. & Sharmila, P. (2019). “A study to assess the effectiveness of play therapy in reducing pain among children undergoing venipuncture at sharda hospital, greater noida. U.P”.International Journal of Midwifery and Nursing Practice, 2(1): 42-44.
• Ramalakshmi.R., (2014). “A video-assisted teaching programme on knowledge and attitude regarding play needs among mothers of toddler in a selected village at Coimbatore”.International Journal of Midwifery and Nursing Practice, 5(4): 67-74. DOI: 10.14560/IJMNR.2014.0501054.
• Rajesh.B. (2020). “A study to assess the effectiveness of video-assisted teaching program on learning disabilities of school children among primary school teachers in selected schools”.International Journal of Nursing and Medical Investigation. 08(31), pp. 89-98. http://dx.doi.org/10.32345/ijnmi.2020.18907.3451.
• Priscilla.J.K. (2013). “A true experimental study to assess the effectiveness of child centered play therapy on adjustment difficulties among primary school children in selected schools at viruthunagar”.Indian Journal of Pediatric Nursing.Jan 2013. 4 (1) DOI: 10.14567/IJPN.2013.0209087.
• Praveen, S. Pateel (2018) 'A Study to Assess the Effectiveness of Video Assisted Teaching Programme (vatp) on Knowledge of Mothers Regarding Importance of Play and Selection of play Material for Children in Selected Rural Area, Bhagavati, Bagalkot', International Journal of Current Advanced Research, 07(8), pp. 14903-14905.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.24327/ijcar.2018.14905.2719.
• Pearson.J. & Catalda (2015). “An experimental study related to play therapy for the children aged 2 -16 years in paediatric intensive care unit in Belgium”. International Journal of Nursing Research and Science.jan 2015 23 (5) DOI: 10.14760/IJNRS.2015.0501087.
• Patel, K., Suresh, V. & Ravindra, H. N. (2014).” Effectiveness of play therapy on anxiety among hospitalized children”. IOSR Journal of Nursing and Health Science (IOSR-JNHS). e-ISSN: 2320–1959. Volume 3 (5) Ver. III (Sep.-Oct. 2014), PP 17-23.
• Mary usha.X. (2011). “A quasi-experimental study to assess the effectiveness of video assisted therapeutic play on anxiety and physiological parameters for the preparation of hospitalization among preschoolers in a selected hospital at Coimbatore”.International Journal of Developmental Psychology. doi: 10.12786.23-34.
• Lai, N.K, Ang, T.F, Por, L & Liew, C (2018). “A study on impact of play on child’s development”. Journal of Pediatric Health Care. DOI: 10.1842/peds.2018-2697 118;162.
• Kurup, A. S., & Hemavanthy, V. (2015). “A Study to Assess the Effectiveness of Video Assisted Teaching Programme on Knowledge Regarding the Benefits of Outdoor Play Among School Going Children in Selected School”.International Journal of Innovative Research in Science Engineering and Technology.jan 2015 4 (1) DOI: 10.15680/IJIRSET.2015.0401097.
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• JOURNALS
• Burnstein.S, & Meichenbahe.D. (2015). ‘A study to find out the effect of play therapy in children following surgery in U.K. Journal of child care nursing”. International Journal of Pediatric Nursing . 2015; 6(5): 112-123.doi: 10.16768/JOCCN-112125.
• Cassell.S. (2015).” Effect of puppet therapy including role play in reducing anxiety among hospitalized children undergoing cardiac catheterization at Singapore public hospital ”. International Journal of Pediatrics. 2015; 34(4): 145-147.doi: 10.17896/IJOP-123128.
• Catherine, S. Tamis-LeMonda., & Lisa, A. Chen. (2013). “Mothers knowledge About children's play and language development, short-term stability and Interrelations. Journal of Developmental Psychology”. doi: 10.16756.
• Dash, M. (2019). “Assess the Knowledge of Mother regarding importance of Play Therapy in a selected Village of Puducherry”. Madridge J Intern Emerg Med. 2019; 3(1): 114-116.doi: 10.18689/mjiem-1000126.
• Ghorpade M. (2016).” A study to assess the effectiveness of self-instructional module regarding importance of needs of play among parents of hospitalized children in selected hospitals of Wardha”. International Journal of Nursing Education and Research . 2016; 4(2):181
• Ginsburg, K. R. (2007).” The importance of play in promoting healthy child development and maintaining strong parent- child bonds”. American Academy of Pediatrics. DOI: 10.1542/peds.2006-2697 119;182.
• Gokhale P., Solanki P V. & Agrawal P. (2014). “Effectiveneass of play-based therapy on play behaviour of children with down’s syndrome”. The Indian Journal of Occupational Therapy : Vol. 46: No. 2 (May 2014 - August 2014).
• Grad H. S., P. Mary.E, Awad A. B, Baalharith A.L, & Sultan M.A “Effectiveness of Planned Teaching Programme in Knowledge on Play Therpy among Mothers of Hospitalized Children”. American Research Journal of Nursing. 2017; 3(1): 1-6.
• H. xu, L. Mwen (2016). “A longitudinal data analysis with Healthy Beginnings Trial in Sydney”. International Journal of Innovative Research In Pediatric Nursing .march 2016 24 (13) DOI: 10.17670/IJIRPN.2016.0456787.
• Kurup, A. S., & Hemavanthy, V. (2015). “A Study to Assess the Effectiveness of Video Assisted Teaching Programme on Knowledge Regarding the Benefits of Outdoor Play Among School Going Children in Selected School”. International Journal of Innovative Research in Science Engineering and Technology .jan 2015 4 (1) DOI: 10.15680/IJIRSET.2015.0401097.
• Lai, N.K, Ang, T.F, Por, L & Liew, C (2018). “A study on impact of play on child’s development”. Journal of Pediatric Health Care. DOI: 10.1842/peds.2018-2697 118;162.
• Mary usha.X. (2011). “A quasi-experimental study to assess the effectiveness of video assisted therapeutic play on anxiety and physiological parameters for the preparation of hospitalization among preschoolers in a selected hospital at Coimbatore”. International Journal of Developmental Psychology . doi: 10.12786.23-34.
• Patel, K., Suresh, V. & Ravindra, H. N. (2014).” Effectiveness of play therapy on anxiety among hospitalized children ”. IOSR Journal of Nursing and Health Science (IOSR-JNHS). e-ISSN: 2320–1959. Volume 3 (5) Ver. III (Sep.-Oct. 2014), PP 17-23.
• Pearson.J. & Catalda (2015). “An experimental study related to play therapy for the children aged 2 -16 years in paediatric intensive care unit in Belgium”. International Journal of Nursing Research and Science .jan 2015 23 (5) DOI: 10.14760/IJNRS.2015.0501087.
• Praveen, S. Pateel (2018) 'A Study to Assess the Effectiveness of Video Assisted Teaching Programme (vatp) on Knowledge of Mothers Regarding Importance of Play and Selection of play Material for Children in Selected Rural Area, Bhagavati, Bagalkot' , International Journal of Current Advanced Research, 07(8), pp. 14903-14905.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.24327/ijcar.2018.14905.2719 .
• Priscilla.J.K. (2013). “A true experimental study to assess the effectiveness of child centered play therapy on adjustment difficulties among primary school children in selected schools at viruthunagar”. Indian Journal of Pediatric Nursing.Jan 2013. 4 (1) DOI: 10.14567/IJPN.2013.0209087.
• Rajesh.B. (2020). “A study to assess the effectiveness of video-assisted teaching program on learning disabilities of school children among primary school teachers in selected schools”. International Journal of Nursing and Medical Investigation . 08(31), pp. 89-98. http://dx.doi.org/10.32345/ijnmi.2020.18907.3451 .
• Ramalakshmi.R., (2014). “A video-assisted teaching programme on knowledge and attitude regarding play needs among mothers of toddler in a selected village at Coimbatore”. International Journal of Midwifery and Nursing Practice , 5(4): 67-74. DOI: 10.14560/IJMNR.2014.0501054.
• Rana, P., Latha, P. & Sharmila, P. (2019). “A study to assess the effectiveness of play therapy in reducing pain among children undergoing venipuncture at sharda hospital, greater noida. U.P”. International Journal of Midwifery and Nursing Practice , 2(1): 42-44.
• Rozario AAA, Joy D, Thomas R et al. “A study to assess knowledge of mothers regarding the selection of play materials for children in a selected hospital, calicut”. Int J Health Sci Res. 2018; 8(4):143-146.
• Selvaraj, S. & Subramanian, G. (2020). “A study to assess the knowledge and attitude among the mothers of under 3 years hospitalized children regarding play therapy”. International Journal of Creative Research Thoughts. March;8(3).
• Singh, Ina. Singh, Grace, Venkateshan, Mahalingam & Pugazhendi, et al... (2017). “A Study on Knowledge and Practice of Mothers on Play Therapy for Pre-school Children in Selected Anganwadi Centers of Doiwala, Dehradun”. International Journal of Nursing Education . 9. 108. 10.5958/0974-9357.2017.00046.0.
• Suganya, S., Kamala, K. & Sridevi, R. (2020). “A Study to assess the effectiveness of video assisted teaching programme on knowledge regarding benefits of outdoor play among school going children (11-13 Years)”. Current Pediatrics. 24 (2):187-193. ISSN: 0971-9032.
• Suryvanshi, N. R., Naregal, P. & Mohite, V. R. (2016).” Effectiveness of play therapy in reducing stress among the hospitalized children (6-12 years) undergoing surgery”. Indian Journal of Research.5 (8). ISSN-2250-1991.
• Vasanthakumari.S., (2014).” A study on effectiveness of play therapy in promoting socialization among the mentally challanged children at muggappair east, chennai”. The Indian Journal of Psychiatric Nursing and Research . 06(8), pp. 903-905.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.56347/ijpnr.2014.17908.2624.
• ARTICELS
• Whitebread, D., Neale, D., Jensen, H., Liu, C., Solis, S.L., Hopkins, E., Hirsh-Pasek, K. Zosh, J. M. (2017). “The role of play in children’s development: a review of the evidence (research summary)”. The LEGOFoundation, DK.
• Yogman, M., Garner A, Hutchinson J, et al; AAP COMMITTEE ON PSYCHOSOCIAL ASPECTS OF CHILD AND FAMILY HEALTH, AAP COUNCIL ON COMMUNICATIONS AND MEDIA. “The Power of Play: A Pediatric Role in Enhancing Development in Young Children”. Pediatrics. 2018;142(3): e20182058.
• Ukessay. (2018). “A study to assess the Effectiveness of Video Assisted Teaching Program (VATP) On Knowledge of Play in School Children Among Teachers In Selected Primary Schools Of Mangalore”. 2018;345(2): e20183908
• UNPUBLISHED DESSERTATIONS
• Kharat, V.B. (2019). “A study on effectiveness of video assisted teaching programme regarding knowledge on prevention strategies on diaper rashes and development of good toilet habits in infant and toddler (1-3 years) among the mothers selected hospitals of indore (M.P).” GOVERNMENT COLLEGE OF NURSING, INDORE, MADHYAPRADESH MEDICAL SCIENCE UNIVERSITY, (M.P).
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•  
• ANNEXURE
Thank
you