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    2.4 - 2.5 Water Quality and Treatment, Water Demand and

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    Bipin Gyawali
    This document discusses various topics related to water quality, treatment, demand and supply, and source protection. It describes common physical, chemical and microbiological contaminants that affect water quality. It then outlines several steps involved in water treatment including screens, sedimentation, slow sand filtration, rapid sand filtration and disinfection using chlorination, ozonation or other methods. The document also discusses water demand and supply considerations and designing systems to meet demand. Finally, it covers the importance of source water protection and potential threats to water sources like pollution, animal intrusion and instability that require prevention.

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    2.4 - 2.5 Water Quality and Treatment, Water Demand and

    Uploaded by

    Bipin Gyawali
    24 views18 pages
    This document discusses various topics related to water quality, treatment, demand and supply, and source protection. It describes common physical, chemical and microbiological contaminants that affect water quality. It then outlines several steps involved in water treatment including screens, sedimentation, slow sand filtration, rapid sand filtration and disinfection using chlorination, ozonation or other methods. The document also discusses water demand and supply considerations and designing systems to meet demand. Finally, it covers the importance of source water protection and potential threats to water sources like pollution, animal intrusion and instability that require prevention.

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    2.4_2.5 Water Quality and Treatment, Water Demand and

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    This document discusses various topics related to water quality, treatment, demand and supply, and source protection. It describes common physical, chemical and microbiological contaminants that affect water quality. It then outlines several steps involved in water treatment including screens, sedimentation, slow sand filtration, rapid sand filtration and disinfection using chlorination, ozonation or other methods. The document also discusses water demand and supply considerations and designing systems to meet demand. Finally, it covers the importance of source water protection and potential threats to water sources like pollution, animal intrusion and instability that require prevention.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    24 views18 pages

    2.4 - 2.5 Water Quality and Treatment, Water Demand and

    Uploaded by

    Bipin Gyawali
    This document discusses various topics related to water quality, treatment, demand and supply, and source protection. It describes common physical, chemical and microbiological contaminants that affect water quality. It then outlines several steps involved in water treatment including screens, sedimentation, slow sand filtration, rapid sand filtration and disinfection using chlorination, ozonation or other methods. The document also discusses water demand and supply considerations and designing systems to meet demand. Finally, it covers the importance of source water protection and potential threats to water sources like pollution, animal intrusion and instability that require prevention.

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    Water Quality and Treatment,

    Water Demand and Supply,


    Source Protection

    RRP
    Water Quality
    • Physical: Colour, pH, taste, odour, temp.,
    turbidity etc…
    • Chemical: Metals, pesticides, salinity,
    hardness, TDS etc…
    • Microbiological: Bacteria, Virus, other
    organisms, eggs
    • Radioactive: Isotopes of Uranium, Radium etc.
    Case of Japan Nuclear leak last year
    Do we have WQ std.?
    • NDWQS- 2006
    Water Purification
    • Bar Screen
    • Removes
    Floating
    materials
    It removes the particles heavier than
    silt/ colloids
    Sedimentation Tank

    Retention
    time: 2- 4 hrs.
    Removes
    colloidal
    materials
    Slow Sand Filter
    •Removes silt/ Colloids
    •99% Bacteria
    Removal
    HLR: 100- 200
    Liter/hr/sqm
    Rapid Sand Filter

    Amount of Wash
    water:
    0.2 to 0.4% of
    filtered water
    Hydraulic Loading
    rate:
    6000 liters/ h/ sqm
    Disinfection
    • Chlorination: apply chlorine and leave for at
    least 30 mins. Residual chlorine must be more
    than 0.2 mg/ liter, dosage: 2.5mg/ liter in
    normal condition and 4 mg/ liter in rainy days.
    • Ozonation: mix ozone with water and nascent
    oxygen is released. It kills bacteria.
    • SODIS: Expose to sunlight for minimum 6 hrs.
    • Boiling: till first bubble
    • Fluorination
    • UV radiation: pass through UV radiator
    Treatment
    • Iron & Manganese Removal
    Aeration and filtration
    • Arsenic Removal
    3 Pitcher method, Kanchan filter
    Water Demand & Supply
    • Water Demand: minimum 45 lpcd in rural area,
    65 lpcd for yard connection, above 100 lpcd in
    urban area
    • Supply should be adequate to meet the
    demand for the design period
    • Design period: 15 yrs. if population growth rate
    (PGR) is more than 2.5% / annum and 20 yrs. If
    PGR is less than 2.5%
    Source Protection
    • What is source protection?
    - Source Water Protection prevents drinking
    water sources from contamination and
    overuse. The goal is to ensure we have enough
    clean drinking water for generations to come.
    Source Protection….
    • Why protect source water?
    - The simple answer is because it's the most
    cost-effective and reliable way to protect our
    drinking water for generations to come. It can
    cost 40 times more to treat contaminated
    groundwater than to protect it from getting
    contaminated in the first place.
    Source Protection….
    • Potential threats to source water:
    - Pollution (domestic, agricultural, industrial
    etc.) may enter to the source: DRAINS u/s
    - Animal intrusion: FENCE
    - Stability of the source area: Protection,
    Vegetation etc.
    2.5 Intake, Collection Chamber and BPT

    • Intake: A structure to collect and divert the


    water to the system. Located where best
    quality water is available.
    • Types: Fixed level, Floating level, Infiltration
    Galleries
    Collection Chamber
    A small tank to
    collect water
    from intake and
    to exclude the
    debris, about 2
    Cum capacity,
    Outlet set slightly
    above inlet,
    needs periodic
    cleaning of debris
    Break Pressure Tank
    • Used to break the pressure in the pipeline so
    that high pressure pipes are avoided and thus
    the cost is reduced. The pressure of water is
    brought down to the Atm. Press.
    • Size: approx. 1 cum, square shaped, outlet is
    slightly bigger than the inlet to avoid overflow,
    can be made of brick/ stone masonry or an
    HDPE tank of 500 liter capacity can also be
    used.
    • THANKS………..hmmm!!
    ??????...........please

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