JOURNAL CLUB

PRESENTATION
PRESENTED BY:
MRS. KALAIVANI.E,M.Sc.,(N) ,
ASSISTANT PROFESSOR,
VMCON,KARAIKAL,
 INTRODUCTION
Child sexual abuse in India is often a
hidden phenomenon especially when it
happens in the home or by family
members. Children in India are often
higher dependent on their parent and
elders. Numbers of cases of child abuse in
the home are hard to attain because most
of these crimes go unreported due to the
fear of social stigma and parents are afraid
that it would affect their child’s future.
 Child sexual abuse can have a number of effects such as
physical and psychological with short and long term
problems. Early identification and effective intervention can
ameliorate the initial effects and long-term consequences of
child sexual abuse and promote the recovery of victims. The
short term psychological effects include fear, guilt and
shame, isolation, betrayal, anger, sadness and
powerlessness. It also causes medical problems such as
Sexually Transmitted Infections, pregnancy or physical
injuries etc and also the behavioral problems such as
aggression, clinginess, phobias, eating and sleeping
disorders, school problems and school refusal. In the long
term the child may experience depression, social isolation,
eating disorder, sexual difficulties, parenting problems, poor
social skills, post traumatic stress disorders.
 NEED FOR THE STUDY
According to Child Abuse Prevention
Research centre estimated 1,530 were known to
have died as a result of child maltreatment,
which is an average of 4 children each day of the
year. When looking at the types of
maltreatment that accounted for the fatalities,
the breakdown is as more than five children die
every day as a result of child sexual abuse.
Approximately 80% of children died from sexual
abuse were under the age of 8-16 years. More
than 90% of juvenile sexual abuse victims know
their perpetrator in some way.
 In India, child abuse statistics shows 69% of Indian
children are victims of physical, emotional and sexual
abuse (2 out of 3 children physical abuse and 46.6%
faced severe abuse leading to injuries. More than 53%
children report facing one or more forms of sexual
abuse, 22% faced severe sexual abuse, 6% sexually
assaulted, 32.2% had their private parts touched by the
abuser 20% were forced to have sexual intercourse. In
that 50% of sexual offenders were known to the victim
or were in positions of trust (family member, close
relative, friend or neighbor). Severest sexual abuse in
age group of 11-16 years and 73% of sexual abuse
victims were in age groups of 11-18years. en). 68% of
children had faced.
 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

EFFECTIVENESS OF STRUCTURED TEACHING

PROGRAMME ON KNOWLEDGE REGARDING
PREVENTION OF SEXUAL ABUSE AMONG THE
FEMALE CHILDREN IN A SELECTED SCHOOL,
SALEM
 OBJECTIVES
1. To assess the existing knowledge on prevention
of sexual abuse among female children.
2. To assess the effectiveness of structured
teaching programme on knowledge regarding
prevention of sexual abuse among female
children.
3. To associate the post test knowledge score
regarding prevention of sexual abuse among
female children with their selected demographic
variables.
 OPERATIONAL DEFINITIONS
EFFECTIVENESS
It refers to the gain in knowledge on
prevention of sexual abuse among female
children as measured by significant difference
between the pretest and posttest scores.
KNOWLEDGE
It refers to the correct response of the
female children to the questions on prevention
of sexual abuse measured by using structured
questionnaire.
 OPERATIONAL DEFINITIONS
STRUCTURED TEACHING PROGRAMME
It refers to a systematically planned and
organized teaching activity in the power point
slides. Each slide is a single page of presentation
created with the software. The presentation is
composed of several slides to impart knowledge
on prevention of sexual abuse among female
children such as its causes, signs and symptoms,
and preventive measures.
 OPERATIONAL DEFINITIONS
SEXUAL ABUSE
It refers to the involvement of
developmentally immature children and
adolescents in sexual activities, to which they
are unable to give informed consent, or that
have violated the social taboos of family roles.
FEMALE CHILDREN
The female children who are between the
age group of 10-16 years.
 HYPOTHESES
H1: There will be significant difference between
pre test and post test knowledge score of
female children regarding prevention of sexual
abuse at p≤0.001
level.
H2: There will be significant association
between the post test knowledge score among
female children regarding prevention of sexual
abuse and their selected demographic
variables at p≤0.05 level.
 ASSUMPTIONS
The female children may have some
knowledge regarding the prevention of sexual
abuse.
The level of knowledge regarding prevention
of sexual abuse among female children may
differ according to their demographic
variables.
An educational programme on sexual abuse
may improve the knowledge of female
children.
 DELIMITATIONS
The finding of this study was limited to the
female children in the age group of 10-16
years.
The sample size was limited to 60

The study period was limited only to 4 weeks

 PROJECTED OUTCOME
This study would evaluate the effectiveness of
structured teaching programme regarding the
knowledge on prevention of sexual abuse.
This study would help the female children of
the age group 10-16 years to improve their
knowledge regarding the prevention of sexual
abuse.
 CHAPTER – II
REVIEW OF LITERATURE
In this chapter, literature was reviewed
theoretically, empirically and is organized as
following heading,
I. Studies related to sexual abuse among children
II.Studies related to sexual abuse of female children
III.Studies related to any interventional programme
on sexual abuse among female children
IV.Studies related to structured teaching programme
on sexual abuse.
 CHAPTER-III
METHODOLOGY
RESEARCH APPROACH
Quantitative research approach was adopted
for this study
RESEARCH DESIGN
Pre experimental design with one group pre-
test post-test design was used in this study
 POPULATION

The population of the study was female

children who are between the age group of 10-
16 years and studying in 6th to 10th standard

in the selected school

SAMPLE SIZE

The sample size was 60 female children

between the age group of 10-16 years.
 SETTING

The study was conducted in Sri Vidya

Mandir Matriculation Higher Secondary
school, Salem. In this school there are classes
from 1st to 10th standard and both boys and
girls are studying. 935 students are studying in
this school, and in that 128 female children are
studying in 6th to 10th standard.
 SAMPLING TECHNIQUE
Systematic random sampling technique was
adopted for selecting the samples for the study. Total
number of female children from 6th to 10th standard
was 128. The sample size was 60. The samples were
selected based on the availability.
K = Total number of samples / Sample size
= 128/60= 2.13
That means every 2nd female child was selected for
the study.
First sample was selected using Simple random
sampling technique (lottery method).
SCHEMATIC REPRESENTATION OF RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
 CRITERIA FOR SAMPLE SELECTION
INCLUSION CRITERIA
The female children who
are studying in the selected school
 are between the age group of 10-16 years.
EXCLUSION CRITERIA
The female children who
oare not willing to participate in the study.
oare absent at the time of data collection.
 VARIABLES

INDEPENDENT VARIABLES

Structured teaching programme on

prevention of sexual abuse.

DEPENDENT VARIABLES
Female children Knowledge regarding
prevention of sexual abuse
 DESCRIPTION OF TOOLS
The tool to collect data from the selected
samples consists of three sections
such as
SECTION – I: DEMOGRAPHIC DATA
Demographic variables including age, religion,
residence, attainment of menarche, class studying,
mode of transport to the school, previous
knowledge regarding prevention of sexual abuse,
sources of information, education of parents,
occupation, hours spending with parents,
communication with them.
Section – II: Structured questionnaire to assess
the knowledge regarding prevention of child
sexual abuse

Structured questionnaire on prevention of

sexual abuse consists of introduction to sexual
abuse, incidence and forms of sexual abuse,
causes, effects and prevention of sexual abuse.
Section III: Structured teaching programme on
prevention of child sexual abuse.

Teaching programme includes definition of

sexual abuse, forms, and characteristics of abusers,
at risk victims, methods to convince children into
sexual activity, reporting personnel of the
suspected child sexual abuse, signs and symptoms,
management, prevention and protect yourself
 SCORING PROCEDURE
LEVEL OF SCORE PERCNETAGE
KNOWLEDGE
INADEQUATE 1-12 <44%
KNOWLEDGE
MODERATELY 13-19 45-70%
ADEQUATE
KNOWLEDGE
ADEQUATE 20-27 71-100%
KNOWLEDGE
 RELIABILITY
Reliability of the tool was measured by test
retest method. The investigator selected 5
female children from St. Joseph Matriculation
Higher Secondary School, Salem through the
systematic random sampling technique. The
pretest was conducted by using the semi
structured questionnaire regarding prevention
of sexual abuse. After two days posttest was
conducted to the same group using the same
semi structured questionnaire. The reliability
coefficient obtained was r = 0.9, which shows
that the tool was reliable
 PILOT STUDY
Pilot study was conducted to determine the
feasibility of the study and modify the semi
structured questionnaire. Pilot study was
conducted in St. Joseph Matriculation Higher
Secondary School, Salem. Validity and
reliability of the tool were tested during this
time. The investigator selected 6 female
children from 6th to 10th standard through
systematic random sampling technique.
Pretest was conducted for the children using a
semi structured questionnaire.
 PILOT STUDY
The investigator taught the children using
power point slide presentation. The post test
was conducted on by using the same semi
structured questionnaire. The tool
administered was checked for its feasibility,
language and appropriateness. The children
chosen were similar characteristics to those
of the population under study. The time
taken for teaching was 30 minutes. The tool
was found feasible and practicable. It is also
helped to select suitable statistical method
for analysis.
 CHAPTER -IV
DATA ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION
Section- A:
Distribution of female children according
to their demographic variables.
Section- B:
Distribution of female children according
to pre-test score of knowledge
regarding prevention of sexual abuse.
 CHAPTER -IV
DATA ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION
Section- C:
a) Distribution of female children according to
post test score of knowledge regarding
prevention of sexual abuse.
b) Comparison between the pretest and post
test scores on knowledge regarding prevention
sexual abuse.
c) Comparison of area wise Mean, SD, Mean
percentage, Difference in mean percentage of
pre test and post test knowledge score regarding
prevention of sexual abuse in female children.
 CHAPTER -IV
DATA ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION
Section – D: Hypothesis testing
a) Effectiveness of structured teaching
programme on knowledge of female children
regarding prevention of sexual abuse in the
selected school.
b) Association between the post test
knowledge score among female children
regarding the prevention of sexual abuse and
their selected demographic variables.
CHAPTER -IV
CHAPTER -IV
CHAPTER -IV
CHAPTER -IV
CHAPTER -IV
CHAPTER -IV
CHAPTER -IV
CHAPTER -IV
 RESULT
Pre test level of knowledge regarding prevention of
sexual abuse, showed that 48(80%) of female children
had inadequate knowledge, 12 (20%) had moderately
adequate and none of them had adequate knowledge.
During the post test the female children 26(43.3%)
had adequate knowledge, 34(56.7%) had moderately
adequate knowledge and none of them had inadequate
knowledge regarding sexual abuse.
 The overall pre test mean score was
10.55±3.13which was 39.07% and the post test mean
score was 18.9±4.46 which was 70% revealing a
difference of 30.93%.
 RESULT
Highly significant difference found between pre
and post test scores of level of knowledge in all the
areas and in the overall level of knowledge (t = 15.8).
 There was no significant association between the
knowledge regarding prevention of sexual Abuse
among female children and with their selected
demographic variables
This study revealed that the effectiveness of
structured teaching progrmamme regarding the
prevention of sexual abuse was an effective
intervention to increase the knowledge of female
children
 CONCLUSION
The study was conducted to assess the Effectiveness of
structured teaching programme on knowledge regarding
prevention of sexual abuse among female children in a
selected school, Salem. The findings of the study showed
that the structured teaching programme was effective in
improving the level of knowledge. There was no significant
association found between the level of knowledge of
female children regarding prevention of sexual abuse with
their selected demographic variables. The structured
teaching programme is a proven method to improve the
knowledge so the health care professionals can use this
method of teaching in educating the children to facilitate
the healthy growth and development and healthy practices
in day to day activities.
 IMPLICATIONS
NURSING PRACTICE
Nurses can teach children on other health habits
such as hazards of plastic use, road safety, oral
hygiene, environmental hygiene.
School health nurses can teach the school
children with the help of structured teaching
programme on prevention of sexual abuse.
Training programme can be arranged for school
teachers in order to emphasize the healthy life style
to the students.
 NURSING EDUCATION
The concept of sexual abuse and its
prevention can be incorporated in the
curriculum.
Nurse educator should take the initiative
to conduct education programme
regarding the sexual abuse and its
prevention.
Motivate the students to update the
knowledge regarding the measures to
prevent the sexual abuse
 NURSING ADMINISTRATION
The nurse administrator coordinates her work along
with the school teachers, to encourage them to teach
the children in the schools.
Nursing administrator should organize educational
programme such as workshops, seminars regarding
prevention of sexual abuse especially among the
female children and parents.
Nurse administrator can participate in formulating
polices for implementation of structured teaching
programme.
Provide opportunities for school health nurse to
attend training programme.
 NURSING RESEARCH
oEducational institution and service organization can
motivate researchers for implementing structured
teaching programme on various topics related to health
of school children.
oThe findings can be used as evidence based practice
by school health nurse to increase awareness among
school children.
oDisseminate the research findings on effect of
structured teaching programme through conferences,
seminar and by publishing the article in nursing
journals and national and international journals
 RECOMMENDATIONS
A comparative study can be conducted
between urban and rural school children.
A similar study can be done by using various
teaching methods.
A study can be conducted among parents and
in community areas.
 A descriptive study can be conducted on
incidence of children with sexual abuse.
A structured teaching programme can be
conducted on various types of abuses and
measures to prevent it.
THANK
YOU