Table of Contents

Salient Features of Project

Summary of Project Cost
Community Contribution

1. INTRODUCTION............................................................................................................ 1
1.1. Background ................................................................................................................. 1
1.2. Objective of the Assignment ....................................................................................... 2
1.3. Scope of the Assignment ............................................................................................. 2
1.4. Methodology ............................................................................................................... 3
2. PROJECT AREA............................................................................................................. 5
2.1 Location and Accessibility .......................................................................................... 5
2.2 Topography, Climate and Vegetation ......................................................................... 6
2.3 Population and Educational Institutions ...................................................................... 6
2.4 Economic Characteristics ............................................................................................ 7
3. TECHNICAL ASPECTS ................................................................................................ 8
3.1. Existing Water Supply and Sanitary Situation ............................................................ 8
3.2. Proposed Project .......................................................................................................... 8
3.3. Water Quality .............................................................................................................. 8
3.4. Design Criteria ............................................................................................................ 9
3.4.1. Coverage and Population ..................................................................................... 9
3.4.2. Service Level ....................................................................................................... 9
3.4.3. Water Demand ................................................................................................... 10
3.4.4. Peak Factor......................................................................................................... 10
3.4.5. Domestic Demand .............................................................................................. 10
3.4.6. Wastage and Leakage ........................................................................................ 11
3.4.7. Total Water Demand .......................................................................................... 11
3.4.8. Consumption Pattern.......................................................................................... 11
3.4.9. Pipe Materials .................................................................................................... 12
3.4.10. Pressure and Velocity ..................................................................................... 12
3.5. Components of the Project ........................................................................................ 12
3.6. Sanitation................................................................................................................... 14
3.7. Environmental Consideration .................................................................................... 14
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3.8. Community Education and Awareness Program ...................................................... 14

4. FINANCIAL ASPECTS ................................................................................................ 15
4.1 General ...................................................................................................................... 15
4.2 Construction Materials .............................................................................................. 15
4.3 Unit Rates .................................................................................................................. 15
4.4 Summary of Cost Estimates ...................................................................................... 15
4.5 Operation and Maintenance Costs............................................................................. 15
4.6 Water Tariff ............................................................................................................... 16
5. IMPLEMENTATION OF PROJECT ......................................................................... 17
5.1 Implementation Schedule .......................................................................................... 17
5.2 Justification for Implementation ............................................................................... 17

Annexes
Annex-A : Quantity & Cost Estimate

Annex-B : Rate Analysis

Annex-C : Design

Annex-D : D1: Layout, Schematic Diagrams & Pipeline Profiles

D2: Typical Drawings of Structures

Annex-E : Relevant Documents

 Final Report of Simbata Bal Kalyan School Water Supply Project

1. INTRODUCTION

1.1. Background

Poverty alleviation is the overriding objective of development efforts in Nepal. The tenth Plan
(2002-2007) document of the Government of Nepal has renewed in commitment towards this
objective. Equitable access to social and economic infrastructure for the poor and marginalized
groups is regarded as one of the four pillars towards achieving this overriding goal of poverty
alleviation. The government has acknowledged that development of water supply and
sanitation is an important link towards achieving this social equity. Periodic plans and policy
documents of the government have therefore advocated for improving the access to safe water
supply and sanitation facilities in order to improve the quality of life and productivity,
especially in rural areas, which will ultimately lead to poverty reduction.

The water supply and sanitation sector has received a well-deserved priority from both the
governmental and non-governmental sector and several international funding / aid agencies
have supported this endeavor. The vision of this sub-sector is to provide safe drinking water
and adequate sanitation services to the entire population in a sustainable manner and at an
affordable cost by mobilizing resources and communities and applying appropriate technology.

The development of this sector, in addition to saving time in fetching water, will improve the
health of the people and therefore create a healthy manpower that will contribute to productive
economy of the country. The 10th plan aims to develop healthy manpower with additional
economic productivity, reduce medical expenses, and ultimately achieve the target of poverty
alleviation through development of the water supply and sanitation sector which is expected to
play a critical role in this process.

Department of Water Supply & Sewerage is the lead agency in the water and sanitation sector
under the Ministry of Water Supply and Sanitation. The department facilitates and executes
water supply and sanitation projects through users committees under the supervision of its
district based division and sub-division offices to achieve the sector goals set by the
government.

Detailed Engineering Study and Design (DESD) of a project is to be carried out after the project
is selected for implementation. The study will be conducted for all new projects, and for all
existing projects to be selected for rehabilitation. The detailed study reports are produced as
the outcome of the detail survey and design of the projects so that immediate actions could be
undertaken for their implementation

Now, Water Supply, Irrigation & Energy Development Office, Khalanga, Salyan has a
goal to carry out detailed survey and estimate of water supply projects in Salyan district of
Karnali Province as per 2076/77 annual program. Due to the limited appropriate technical
manpower, the office seeks for consultancy service (consultant) to conduct following job.

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 Preparation of Detail Engineering Survey, Design, Cost Estimation & Report

Preparation of Ghatgaun Ghatchaur WSP Water Supply Project, Kumakh Rural
Municipality, Ward – 4.

1.2. Objective of the Assignment

The main objective of this project is to support interested potential and qualified user
associations/ communities for improvement in the living standard of the people by providing
safe, reliable, adequate and sustainable water supply and sanitation services. The overall
objective of the study is to formulate technically sound and cost-effective water supply and
sanitation projects. Specific objectives are:

a) To ascertain population and coverage area,

b) Project cost,
c) Community contribution,
d) Detailed construction works, and
e) Operation and Maintenance requirements.
f) Support Water User and Sanitation Association (WUSA) of the selected project to
operate and maintain the project on commercial and sustainable manner by enhancing
their knowledge, skills, capacity and efficiency.
g) Support and involve WUSA and private sector to create enabling environment and
opportunities for extension of service area and improve service level in water supply
and sanitation sector.
h) To raise awareness and trigger the users towards the importance of water quality and
sanitation on healthy life.
i) To support implementation of Water Safety Plan to meet water quality standards.

1.3. Scope of the Assignment

The detailed scope of the work mostly includes, but not necessarily limited to the following:
 To assess existing situation of water supply and sanitation in the project area;
 To carry out detailed engineering and socio-economic survey, prepare checklist for
environment parameters of the project area. The survey will determine existing
levels of services and coverage, income and other poverty indicators, vulnerable
groups and willingness to pay.
 To verify the source yield, water quality, intake/deep tube well boring site, reservoir
site, pipe alignment and number and location of public taps and other major
structures;
 To clarify the community enthusiasm on the execution of the project and willingness
to contribute for construction and undertake operation and maintenance
responsibility upon commissioning;

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 To identify appropriate interventions required to promote sanitation at personal,

household and community level, within the project area.
 Assessment of electro-mechanical component in order to calculate capital cost as
well as estimated annual power cost & its operation and Maintenance cost.
 Prepare detailed Layout Plan and Flow Diagram, name of remarkable places, major
civil components, hydraulic parameter, working drawing and cost estimate etc.

1.4. Methodology

A survey team consisting of Water Supply Engineer and an Overseer with necessary supporting
professionals were assigned for the field study. This team in close consultation with WSIEDO
personal and users thoroughly studied the project area and carried out detailed survey of the
proposed project.

The new DWSS standardization is used for the adoption of design criteria and design of all the
system components. Cost estimation is carried out according to GON Norms adopting
approved district rate and prevailing market rate of materials. Available secondary information
and relevant data from the Central Bureau of Statistics has been used where found necessary.

Final report has been prepared and presented compiling the drawings and quantity estimates
on the basis of designs, and cost estimates based on the detailed analysis of DWSS and
incorporated accordingly in the Final Report.

The consulting services mainly consist of detailed engineering design for Water Supply
components. On the basis of the scope of work, gathering additional information during the
desk study phase, field visit and reconnaissance survey of the sites and the task to be carried
out in the consulting services are identified and listed below in brief.

The following activities have been carried-out necessary during detailed engineering phase:

 Field visit, field verification, preparation and submission of detail design Draft
report

 Field Investigations, Field verification of survey works, Mobilization of personnel

to carry out collect relevant information of the project; Cross verification of Socio
economic/ demographic Survey: Confirmation of Service Area Delineation; Source
Study; Water quality testing and selection of type of treatment plant to treat the
water to meet the approved quality required by Nepal Drinking Water Quality
Standards (NDWQS) or WHO guidelines proposed for drinking water. Field
verification/ confirmation of Engineering survey; address Land Acquisition and
Resettlement if required for the construction of water supply facilities.

 Population growth rate, Design Year and Population Projection

 Water demand calculation and Nodal Water Demand

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 Intake design

 Reservoir sizing and peak factor

 Pipeline design, tools and pipe materials and household connection

 Preparation of drawings, rate analysis and cost estimate

 Preparation of bill of quantities with specifications

 Final design report preparation

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2. PROJECT AREA

2.1 Location and Accessibility

Salyan District (Nepali: स यान िज ला), a part of Karnali province, is one of the seventy-seven
districts of Nepal. Salyan covers an area of 1,462 km2 (564 sq mi) with a population of 213,500
in 2001 and 241,716 in 2011. The district's administrative center is named Salyan or Salyan
Khalanga, today it is part of Sharada Municipality.

The district is known for its Hindu temples including Shiva temples in Chhayachhetra and
Laxmipur, and the Devi temple at Khairabang in Sarda municipality, one of nine in Nepal.

Kumakh Rural Municipality (कुमाख गाउँ पा लका) was established in 2017 (2073 BS) as a local
government of Nepal. The headquarters of the Kumakh Rural Municipality Gaunpalika is
located in Ragechaur, Salyan district, Karnali Province of Nepal. This village is situated 450
to 2000 meters from the surface of the sea level. It is 28 ° 41 '03 North Latitude and 28 ° 56' is
spread to 43 Eastern latitudes. There are also high mountains of Salyan district like Kumakh in
this village. Marmaparikanda, Kalagaun, Badagaun, and Jimali Village Development
Committee (VDCs) were incorporated into Kumakh Gaupalika. This rural municipality came
into existence on 10 March 2017 (Falgun 27, 2073 BS), fulfilling the requirement of the
Constitution of Nepal 2015 (2072 BS). Ministry of Federal Affairs and General Administration
replaced all old VDCs and Municipalities into 753 new local level bodies.

According to the 2011 census, the total population of the Kumakh Rural Municipality is 33,347.
It is surrounded by the Darma Rural Municipality and Bagchaur Municipality in the east,
Bangad Kupinde Municipality in the west, Rukum and Jajarkot district in the North and Siddha
Kumakh Rural Municipality in the South. The total area of this Gaupalika is 177.27 square
kilometers and density is 140 Km2. This rural municipality is divided into 7 wards.

This is the historical and religious significance of this place in the form of the holy temple of
Salyan district, Sidddhababa temple, and mysterious Siddha Cave. This village is mainly
inhabited by regional, Brahman, Magar, Thakuri and Dalit communities. The native language
of 100 percent of people is Nepali, in this village where Hindus are in prosperity. The main
profession of the people here is agriculture. There is an emergency drinking water facility. The
centers of this village are connected to the road network. Due to the convenience of the
villagers, the villagers have been deprived, but the electricity has expanded the work very
tremendously. Telephone service has become a bit less functional.

1. General Information
Name of Project : Ghatgaun Ghatchaur Water Supply Project
District : Salyan
RMP/MP : Kumakh Rural Municipality
Ward : 4

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Community : Ghatgaun Ghatchaur

2. Accessibility
Distance from district headquarter to project area (Avg.) : 70 km
Name of the nearest market for construction materials : Shreenagar
Distance from project area to nearest market (Avg.) : 70 km
Name of the place of nearest all weather roadhead from the project area : Shreenagar -Tharmare -Site

2.2 Topography, Climate and Vegetation

Although Salyan is considered a hilly district, its southwest salient is actually outside the
Pahari-inhabited hill region, in the lower Siwalik Hills that are more an extension of the Terai.

The Babai River flows through the southwestern Siwaliks section after draining Dang Valley.
A tributary Sharad Khola drains the eastern half of Salyan's hill region—including the district
center, then exits these hills by cutting through the Mahabharat Range to its confluence with
the Babai. The western half of Salyan's hill region is drained by the Bheri.

The climatic zones found in the district comprise:

Climate zone Elevation range % of area

300 to 1,000 meters
Upper tropical 28.6%
1,000 to 3,300 ft.
1,000 to 2,000 meters
Subtropical 68.3%
3,300 to 6,600 ft.
2,000 to 3,000 meters
Temperate 3.0%
6,400 to 9,800 ft.

The soil in the project area is gravel and boulder mixed type. The area has moderate vegetation
with sub-tropical forest species. Main crops are maize, wheat and paddy, potato, sugarcane etc.

2.3 Population and Educational Institutions

Source: Nepalmap.org/2011 District Census data

The project area includes ward-12 of the Baghchaur Municipality of the project area in 2076
B.S. according to the survey is 235 distributed in 44 households with 5.2 people in average per
household.

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Source: Nepalmap.org/2011 District Census data

There is no institutions operating in the project area, both community and institutional. Local
manpower is increasing overseas for wages and study. The municipality has educational
institutions providing basic to higher education. Local students of this municipality have
moved to other neighboring districts for technical education and upper level studies.

2.4 Economic Characteristics

The sample survey results show that the Business, Government officers, Abroad, agriculture
and farming are the dominant occupation in all of the households. Some of the residents are
engaged in local trade and business and service. Farming and livestock are closely linked as
livestock provides manure for fertilizer, milk and meat. Residents looking for alternatives to
the traditional agricultural systems of agriculture are gradually enjoying the modern
agricultural system and lifestyle.

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3. TECHNICAL ASPECTS

3.1. Existing Water Supply and Sanitary Situation

Water Supply, Irrigation & Energy Development Office, Khalanga, Salyan had decided to
provide water supply facilities in the village because the existing systems are quite insufficient
and miss-functional to meet the present demand of the area due to increase as well as migration
of the population. As the area is located in the hill, scattered settlement and based on demand
of local people, a new setup of system, we had to propose separate pipe supply for different
location system. Comparatively, the sanitary condition of the area is quite good.

Source: Nepalmap.org, 2011 Census

3.2. Proposed Project

In the Project area, Solar Lift water supply scheme is proposed to the newly implementation
for providing water supply facilities in the identified area. The schemes include intakes,
distribution chamber, water storage tanks, and transmission and distribution pipelines with
necessary appurtenances in the system. The consumers in the village area will be served
through private tab connection.

The Proposed Projects is:

1 Name of Project Ghatgaun Ghatchaur Water Supply Project

2 Name of Municipality Kumakhmalika

3 Wards Covered 4

4 Number of Scheme 1

3.3. Water Quality

Water quality of selected sources is good with pleasant taste with no visual turbidity was found.
Chemical tests of the water samples were not done however, physically the selected sources
are acceptable.

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3.4. Design Criteria

The water supply systems are designed based on criteria of the DWSS Design Guidelines unless
specific site conditions demand otherwise. Design Guidelines are adopted for design period of
the project is taken as

 For Gravity System: - 20 years from base year and 23 years from survey year assuming
3 years as construction period.
 For Lift System: - 15 years from base year and 18 years from survey year assuming 3
years as construction period.

3.4.1. Coverage and Population

The population in the year 2076 B.S. in the proposed service area is 235 in 44 HHs. The
permanent population will be 312 at the end of design year, has been calculated and found as
with average annual growth rate 1.27%. The population of the year 2076 is based upon the
social survey.

S.N. Household/Population Unit Total

1 Households (Survey year:2076) No. 44
2 Population (Survey year:2076) No. 235
3 Households (Base year:2079) No. 46
4 Population (Base year:2079) No. 253
5 Households (Design year:2099) No. 55
6 Population (Design year:2099) No. 312
7 Design Period Yrs. 15
8 Annual growth rate % 1.27

The following formula is used for determining the design population.

N
 R 
PN  P 1  
 100 

Where,

P = Present Population

R = Annual population growth rate in percentage

N = Number of years

PN = Projected population at the end of the Nth year.

3.4.2. Service Level

The service level should be in accordance with the consumer needs, desires and willingness to
pay. The tenth plan approach paper also highlights the need for the improvement of service

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level in emerging towns. Service level improvement means essentially providing reliable and
efficient supply predominantly through house connections (fully plumbed), yard connections
and a few community connections for very poor disadvantaged groups. The type of connection
is based on social survey i.e. monthly income of each HH and choice of the type of tap. The
system is designed for optimum water demand. The per capita demand of 45 lpcd is proposed.
Majority of the households will obtain water through private house connections. The main
features associated with the improvement on service level are continuous 24 hours supply of
collected water, with a minimum of 5-15 meter of residual head at house connection point as
far as possible. In most of the places the residual head is maintained more than 10m.

3.4.3. Water Demand

Water demand is one of the key factors in the formulation of any water supply project, which
implicates in project cost. Factors affecting the water demand are personal habits,
industrialization and climatic condition, reliability of supply, cost of water and availability of
supplementary sources. The water demand is calculated based on the present population,
population growth rate of the town, non-domestic demand of water for other purposes to cover
the water demand such as for rental population, hotels, cinema hall, restaurant, schools,
governments and non-government offices, firefighting, filter backwash etc. Hence, the total
water demand includes domestic, institutional and industrial/ commercial demand, fire
demand, filter backwash. The Water demand has been determined based upon optimum use of
water i.e. 45 lpcd.

Other demands to be considered are Livestock demand i.e. 20 % of domestic demand, leakage
and wastage from the system by 10 %.

3.4.4. Peak Factor

The peak demand in each pipe has been determined with peak factor 2.4 as for private
connection. This has been determined from reservoir consumption pattern.

3.4.5. Domestic Demand

The daily demand primarily consists of daily household needs i.e. drinking, washing, cooking
and hygienic needs.

Each type of tap connection has different rate of water consumption. The percentage of the
population served by each category has been estimated through socio-economic survey. Rate
of consumption per person is based on the design guidelines and discussion with Rural
Municipal Officers & Water Supply, Irrigation & Energy Development Office, Khalanga,
Salyan. However, domestic water demand is determined considering optimum water use i.e.
45 lpcd (14,040 liters). and also, water yield capacity of sources.

Water demand has been based also on the living standard of the people. The change in the types
of connection from community connection to yard connection to fully plumbed connection will
reflect the increase in their living standard of the beneficiaries. The percentage of different
types of tap connection is based on the present situation of the community.

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3.4.6. Wastage and Leakage

In a W/S system there is a certain amount of water that is lost or unaccounted for because of
meter & pump slippage, leakages through the system components & unauthorized connections.
Provision in the design for the unaccounted system losses is generally made in the range of 8-
15 percent of the total demand. For the design purpose, 10% ( 1,685 liters.) of total daily
demand has been considered for wastage, leakage or uncounted water use as guidelines.

3.4.7. Total Water Demand

The total water demand for the project is calculated as 18,533 litres per day supply in the
distribution system. Hence, the min. design flow 0.1lps has been adopted in the design. The
detail calculation of water demand for various uses is presented in Annex-C. The Table:
Water Demand and Tap Flow Calculation Sheet shows the total water demand in different
uses.

Table: Total water demand in different uses

S. N. Water provision & Demand Unit Total

1 Provision for Domestic use lpcd 14,040

2 Provision for Institutional use lpcd -
3 Provision for Live Stock lpcd 2,808
4 Provision for Wastage lpcd 1,685
5 Total Water Demand (Design Year) lpcd 18,533

3.4.8. Consumption Pattern

The capacity of distribution system to meet the designed water demand at the desired time is
determined by the service area consumption pattern. This consumption pattern is used to
determine the balancing storage tank capacity. The storage tanks have been built in elevated
ground in hill. It is essential to establish the type of consumption pattern. The service area is in
hilly area. The consumption patterns of a typical Mid-hill system recommended by the design
guidelines have been used in detail design of the scheme. The recommended consumption
pattern for hill system is presented in following Table.

Table: - Consumption pattern

Time Period Percentage of daily
From To demand
5:00 AM 7:00 AM 25.0%
7:00 AM 12:00 PM 35.0%
12:00 PM 5:00 PM 20.0%
5:00 PM 7:00 PM 20.0%
7:00 PM 5:00 AM 0.0%
Total 100%

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Based upon the above consumption pattern, the peak factor has been calculated and found as
2.4 and is applied for the design of distribution system.

3.4.9. Pipe Materials

GI (HC & MC) and HDPE of PE-100 pipes are used in transmission and distribution system.
The GI pipe of 32 mm dia. is used in transmission main. The HDPE pipe of 50-20 mm dia
have been used in the distribution main. The design considerations and choose of pipe materials
are based upon velocity, pressure, type of road section, minimum maintenance requirement,
reliable water supply etc. The types and size of pipe vary depending upon the field terrain,
gradient, head, distances and water carrying capacity.

3.4.10. Pressure and Velocity

Adequate residual head or pressure should be maintained at all the connection points and
service nodes of a water supply system to provide desired water level during operation. As per
DWSS guidelines, a minimum residual head of 5-10 meters has been maintained at all service
nodes as far as possible.

Similarly, there should be minimum cleansing velocity in the pipe sections. An attempt had
been made to have at least 0.3 m/sec velocity in all pipe sections. However, the pipe size
governs the velocity at dead end in few stretches of pipe length. Slightly, higher residual heads
are provided in the design for better service in most of the places. In a few places the residual
head is below 5m but can be managed to flow water by repositioning of structure.

The minimum self-cleaning velocity has been maintained in distribution system wherever
possible. The velocities are non-scoring and are enough for self-cleaning. In some cases, the
size of the pipe governs the nominal velocity.

3.5. Components of the Project

The water supply components proposed in the project are as follows:

a. Intakes
DWSS approved standard type of Sumpwell intake Structure is proposed to tap water from
selected source for distribution. Safety of intake structure as well as protection of sources from
pollution is taken into consideration in selecting the intake location.

Table: Source Information

S. N. Source Information Simbata Bal Kalyan School WSP
1 Source Name Bheri River-Sumpwell
2 Source Type & Number Type /No. River
3 Tapped Discharge from Source Lps 0.65
4 Approximate Distance from Project Site km 0.50
5 Water Quality of Source Fair

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b. Transmission and Distribution Pipeline

Lengths and sizes of transmission and distribution pipelines are calculated based on the detailed
survey and the hydraulic designs. Distribution systems are designed to discharge peak flow
with adequate pressure in the systems. Hydraulic designs of the transmission and distribution
pipelines is carried out using Hazen-William’s formula for head-loss calculations.

c. Storage Tank (Service Reservoir)

Reinforced Concrete Tank (RCT) as water storage tank is proposed in the systems as required
to the scheme. The capacity of storage tanks is determined on the basis of

i) Design demand;
ii) Supply from source; and
iii) Water consumption pattern.

Location of the proposed reservoirs is selected at geographically stable, centrally located and
easily accessible sites.

d. Connection Point/ Tap Stands

Numbers and locations of tap stands/ connection points are fixed according to the guidelines,
settlement pattern and in consultation with members of WUSC and users during detailed survey
of the project area. The household shall connect the tap to their household by making a Tee in
distribution main to avoid frequent hole in distribution main.

The average 10m length of 15mm dia. medium class GI pipe has been estimated up to meter
for each public connection. The meter shall be kept near and adjoining the compound of the
public Tap. The necessary fittings have been designed.

e. System Appurtenances
Necessary appurtenances such as collection and distribution chambers, brake pressure
chambers required along the pipelines are provided for proper functioning of the system as
needed. Control valves are provided in each private tap to regulate and control the flow. Some
other components have been proposed for the project in addition to components explained
above. Appurtenances such as wash out, air valve, control valve etc. are provided as needed.
Control valves/ pipe valve box have been designed in suitable distribution junction having more
than two mains or in required place to regulate the design flow in the main. The design flow is
based on design population, non-domestic demand. The future demand in the main may vary
from the demand envisaged during design phase. The control valve is necessary to regulate the
flow in the distribution system and is useful to deliver the required flow in pipeline.

The guard/pump house is also included in the design and project cost estimate.

f. Flow Chart
Schematic flow diagram of the schemes showing intakes, storage tanks, tap stands and designed
pipe sizes and lengths with designed flow in the pipelines is submitted.

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3.6. Sanitation

The survey year of 2076 B.S. shows that about 90 percent of households have proper latrines
in their houses. Sanitation and domestic latrines in the remaining households shall be promoted
as per the principle of School Led Total Sanitation (SLTS) approved by the DWSS. Provision
has been made in the cost of the project to cover all households of the project area during
implementation of the systems.

Source: nepalmap.org, 2011 Census

3.7. Environmental Consideration

No major adverse effects on agriculture land, forest, vegetation, ground water will be caused
due to the implementation of the proposed system. It will not create the problem of wastewater
disposal and drainage. No potential threat could be anticipated even in the long-term
perspective. There would not be any major threat to the agricultural land and other
infrastructure because of excavation.

3.8. Community Education and Awareness Program

Appropriate training to the VMWs, WUSC members, teachers, municipal officers and female
CHVs are necessary for the sustainability of the water supply systems. Several categories of
training area routinely held at district, regional and national levels. Training of VMWs and
WUSCs are regular activities of the WSS district-based offices. Provisions of necessary
training are made in the project cost estimate.

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4. FINANCIAL ASPECTS

4.1 General

For estimation of the project cost, unit rates of relevant work items have been developed. The
cost of proposed components such as civil structures, pipe laying and jointing, trench
excavation and backfilling, etc. were estimated using the worked-out unit rates.

4.2 Construction Materials

All the construction materials, except those available locally, are to be procured and transported
from outside district. Rates of all construction materials have been worked out adopting
approved district rates for materials and labors summing up the procurement cost and
transportation cost. HDPE pipes required are to be procured and transported directly from the
factory.

4.3 Unit Rates

Unit rates of civil works are developed as per GoN norms. Unit rates of the items are worked
out adding 15% contractor’s overhead in the material and labor cost. 13% VAT is added
separately in the total of component costs.

4.4 Summary of Cost Estimates

The project cost comprises of the cost of civil works of water supply and sanitation components
including the cost of detail survey and design work and cost of materials and equipment like
pipe, fittings, and tools. The total cost of the project is worked out adding up 4% for the
contingencies required for the miscellaneous minor expenses and 10% price contingencies and
10% physical contingencies on the total project costs.

The total cost of the project is estimated at Rs. 13,206,296.70. The communities’ contribution
of this project is of greater than 20 percent of total cost with providing labor for excavation and
refiling of trench in distribution and/or transmission pipelines, if needed.

The ownership of the schemes is transferred to the local user committees after completion,
which takes over the responsibility of regular operation and maintenance of the system.

4.5 Operation and Maintenance Costs

The operation and maintenance cost include the remuneration of VMW (personnel) and the
maintenance cost. The remuneration of VMW is left to decide by the WUSC and maintenance
cost may be taken as 0.4% of total investment cost. The operation and maintenance cost are
escalated at the rate of 10% per annum.

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 Final Report of Ghatgaun Ghatchaur Water Supply Project

4.6 Water Tariff

Water tariff should be adequate to pay the salaries to the operation and maintenance staff, pay
for small repairs and replacement of parts and build reserve fund to finance minor
improvements in the system. The WUSC should make decisions on water tariff taking into
consideration the regular and sustainable operation and maintenance of the project.

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 Final Report of Ghatgaun Ghatchaur Water Supply Project

5. IMPLEMENTATION OF PROJECT

5.1 Implementation Schedule

The overall schedule shall include three major activities, which are tendering, procurement and
transportation of materials, and construction. The planning of the schedule should be based on
the nature and scope of work, availability of local manpower during slack seasons of
agricultural works, beneficiary’s preferences, budget allocations, and inter-relation of different
activities.

5.2 Justification for Implementation

The proposed project area is nearby from the district headquarters but due to geography,
facilities are not sufficiently available in the area, which lies relatively in the remote area. The
present supply of drinking water in the area is highly unreliable and inadequate. To improve
the health and sanitary condition of the people and to enhance the development, it is necessary
to provide reliable and adequate water supply service in the identified area. Beneficiaries are
quite enthusiastic about the project and have agreed to participate in the implementation of the
project. If any, and make the land available free of cost necessary for water supply components.
WUSC has also assured to provide full co-operation during implementation.

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