skip to main content
10.1145/3287624.3287649acmconferencesArticle/Chapter ViewAbstractPublication PagesaspdacConference Proceedingsconference-collections
research-article

Bidirectional tuning of microring-based silicon photonic transceivers for optimal energy efficiency

Published: 21 January 2019 Publication History

Abstract

Microring-based silicon photonic transceivers are promising to resolve the communication bottleneck of future high-performance computing systems. To rectify process variations in microring resonance wavelengths, thermal tuning is usually preferred over electrical tuning due to its preservation of extinction ratios and quality factors. However, the low energy efficiency of resistive thermal tuners results in nontrivial tuning cost and overall energy consumption of the transceiver. In this study, we propose a hybrid tuning strategy which involves both thermal and electrical tuning. Our strategy determines the tuning direction of each resonance wavelength with the goal of optimizing the transceiver energy efficiency without compromising signal integrity. Formulated as an integer programming problem and solved by a genetic algorithm, our tuning strategy yields 32%~53% savings of overall energy per bit for measured data of 5-channel transceivers at 5~10 Gb/s per channel, and up to 24% saving for synthetic data of 30-channel transceivers, generated based on the process variation models built upon measured data. We further investigated a polynomial-time approximation method which achieves over 100x speedup in tuning scheme computation, while still maintaining considerable energy-per-bit savings.

References

[1]
R. G. Beausoleil, M. McLaren, and N. P. Jouppi, "Photonic architectures for high-performance data centers," IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron., vol. 19, no. 2, pp. 3 700 109--3 700 109, Mar. 2013.
[2]
R. G. Beausoleil, "Large-scale integrated photonics for high-performance interconnects," ACM J. Emerg. Technol. Comput. Syst., vol. 7, no. 2, pp. 1--54, Jun. 2011.
[3]
D. Livshits et al., "High efficiency diode comb-laser for dwdm optical interconnects," 2014 IEEE Opt. Interconnects Conf. OI 2014, vol. 6, pp. 83--84, 2014.
[4]
Q. Xu et al., "Micrometre-scale silicon electro-optic modulator," Nature, vol. 435, no. 7040, pp. 325--327, May 2005.
[5]
C. H. Chen et al., "Concurrent multi-channel transmission of a dwdm silicon photonic transmitter based on a comb laser and microring modulators," in 2015 International Conference on Photonics in Switching (PS), 2015, pp. 175--177.
[6]
M. A. Seyedi et al., "Concurrent dwdm transmission with ring modulators driven by a comb laser with 50ghz channel spacing," in 2016 21st OptoElectronics and Communications Conference (OECC) held jointly with 2016 International Conference on Photonics in Switching (PS), 2016, pp. 1--3.
[7]
Q. Xu et al., "Cascaded silicon micro-ring modulators for wdm optical interconnection." Opt. Express, vol. 14, no. 20, pp. 689 812--689 812--10, 2006.
[8]
S. Manipatruni, L. Chen, and M. Lipson, "Ultra high bandwidth wdm using silicon microring modulators," Opt. Express, vol. 18, no. 16, p. 16858, Aug. 2010.
[9]
A. V. Krishnamoorthy et al., "Exploiting cmos manufacturing to reduce tuning requirements for resonant optical devices," IEEE Photonics J., vol. 3, no. 3, pp. 567--579, 2011.
[10]
R. Wu et al., "Variation-aware adaptive tuning for nanophotonic interconnects," in 2015 IEEE/ACM Int. Conf. Comput. Des. IEEE, Nov. 2015, pp. 487--493.
[11]
P. Dong et al., "Low power and compact reconfigurable multiplexing devices based on silicon microring resonators," Opt. Express, vol. 18, no. 10, p. 9852, 2010.
[12]
R. Wu et al., "Compact models for carrier-injection silicon microring modulators," Opt. Express, vol. 23, no. 12, p. 15545, Jun. 2015.
[13]
B. Szelag et al., "Integration and modeling of photonic devices suitable for high performance computing and data center applications," in Proc. SPIE, vol. 10108, Feb. 2017, p. 19.
[14]
Y. Liu et al., "Ultra-compact 320 gb / s and 160 gb / s wdm transmitters based on silicon microrings," Opt. Fiber Commun. Conf., pp. 6--8, 2014.
[15]
X. Zheng et al., "Ultralow power 80 gb/s arrayed cmos silicon photonic transceivers for wdm optical links," J. Light. Technol., vol. 30, no. 4, pp. 641--650, 2012.
[16]
H. Jayatilleka et al., "Wavelength tuning and stabilization of microring-based filters using silicon in-resonator photoconductive heaters," Opt. Express, vol. 23, no. 19, p. 25084, 2015.
[17]
J. F. Buckwalter et al., "A monolithic 25-gb/s transceiver with photonic ring modulators and ge detectors in a 130-nm cmos soi process," IEEE J. Solid-State Circuits, vol. 47, no. 6, pp. 1309--1322, 2012.
[18]
C. Sun et al., "A 45 nm cmos-soi monolithic photonics platform with bit-statistics-based resonant microring thermal tuning," IEEE J. Solid-State Circuits, vol. 51, no. 4, pp. 893--907, 2016.
[19]
R. Polster et al., "Efficiency optimization of silicon photonic links in 65-nm cmos and 28-nm fdsoi technology nodes," IEEE Trans. Very Large Scale Integr. Syst., vol. 24, no. 12, pp. 3450--3459, 2016.
[20]
M. Georgas et al., "Addressing link-level design tradeoffs for integrated photonic interconnects," in 2011 IEEE Cust. Integr. Circuits Conf. IEEE, Sep. 2011, pp. 1--8.
[21]
Y. Zheng et al., "Post-fabrication reconfiguration for power-optimized tuning of optically connected multi-core systems," in 17th Asia South Pacific Des. Autom. Conf. IEEE, Jan. 2012, pp. 615--620.
[22]
Y. Zheng et al., "Power-efficient calibration and reconfiguration for optical network-on-chip," J. Opt. Commun. Netw., vol. 4, no. 12, p. 955, Dec. 2012.
[23]
Y. Wang et al., "Energy-efficient channel alignment of dwdm silicon photonic transceivers," Des. Autom. Test Eur. Conf. Exhib. (DATE), 2018, Mar. 2018.
[24]
R. Wu et al., "Pairing of microring-based silicon photonic transceivers for tuning power optimization," in 2018 23rd Asia South Pacific Des. Autom. Conf. IEEE, Jan. 2018, pp. 135--140.
[25]
W. Zhang et al., "Virtual probe : A statistical framework for low-cost silicon characterization of nanoscale integrated circuits," IEEE Trans. Comput. Des. Integr. Circuits Syst., vol. 30, no. 12, pp. 1814--1827, 2011.
[26]
S. Zhang et al., "Joint virtual probe: Joint exploration of multiple test items' spatial patterns for efficient silicon characterization and test prediction," in Des. Autom. Test Eur. Conf. Exhib. (DATE), 2014, Mar. 2014, pp. 1--6.
[27]
M. J. Heck and J. E. Bowers, "Energy efficient and energy proportional optical interconnects for multi-core processors: Driving the need for on-chip sources," IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron., vol. 20, no. 4, 2014.
[28]
M. Bahadori et al., "Energy-performance optimized design of silicon photonic interconnection networks for high-performance computing," in Des. Autom. Test Eur. Conf. Exhib. (DATE), 2017. IEEE, Mar. 2017, pp. 326--331.
[29]
C.-H. Chen et al., "A comb laser-driven dwdm silicon photonic transmitter based on microring modulators," Opt. Express, vol. 23, no. 16, p. 21541, 2015.
[30]
K. Bergman, "Nanophotonic interconnection networks for performance-energy optimized computing," in IEEE International Interconnect Technology Conference, 2012.
[31]
Q. Li et al., "Experimental characterization of the optical-power upper bound in a silicon microring modulator," 2012 Opt. Interconnects Conf. OIC 2012, vol. 5, pp. 38--39, 2012.
[32]
K. Yu et al., "A 25 gb/s hybrid-integrated silicon photonic source-synchronous receiver with microring wavelength stabilization," IEEE J. Solid-State Circuits, vol. 51, no. 9, pp. 2129--2141, Sep. 2016.
[33]
R. M. Karp, Reducibility among Combinatorial Problems. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1972, pp. 85--103.

Cited By

View all

Recommendations

Comments

Information & Contributors

Information

Published In

cover image ACM Conferences
ASPDAC '19: Proceedings of the 24th Asia and South Pacific Design Automation Conference
January 2019
794 pages
ISBN:9781450360074
DOI:10.1145/3287624
Permission to make digital or hard copies of all or part of this work for personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are not made or distributed for profit or commercial advantage and that copies bear this notice and the full citation on the first page. Copyrights for components of this work owned by others than ACM must be honored. Abstracting with credit is permitted. To copy otherwise, or republish, to post on servers or to redistribute to lists, requires prior specific permission and/or a fee. Request permissions from [email protected]

Sponsors

In-Cooperation

  • IEICE ESS: Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers, Engineering Sciences Society
  • IEEE CAS
  • IEEE CEDA
  • IPSJ SIG-SLDM: Information Processing Society of Japan, SIG System LSI Design Methodology

Publisher

Association for Computing Machinery

New York, NY, United States

Publication History

Published: 21 January 2019

Permissions

Request permissions for this article.

Check for updates

Author Tags

  1. energy efficiency
  2. microring tuning
  3. optical interconnects
  4. silicon photonics

Qualifiers

  • Research-article

Conference

ASPDAC '19
Sponsor:

Acceptance Rates

Overall Acceptance Rate 466 of 1,454 submissions, 32%

Upcoming Conference

ASPDAC '25

Contributors

Other Metrics

Bibliometrics & Citations

Bibliometrics

Article Metrics

  • Downloads (Last 12 months)23
  • Downloads (Last 6 weeks)6
Reflects downloads up to 03 Jan 2025

Other Metrics

Citations

Cited By

View all

View Options

Login options

View options

PDF

View or Download as a PDF file.

PDF

eReader

View online with eReader.

eReader

Media

Figures

Other

Tables

Share

Share

Share this Publication link

Share on social media