skip to main content
10.1145/2593702.2593704acmconferencesArticle/Chapter ViewAbstractPublication PagesicseConference Proceedingsconference-collections
Article

The hard life of open source software project newcomers

Published: 02 June 2014 Publication History

Abstract

While onboarding an open source software (OSS) project, contributors face many different barriers that hinder their contribution, leading in many cases to dropouts. Many projects leverage the contribution of outsiders and the sustainability of the project relies on retaining some of these newcomers. In this paper, we discuss some barriers faced by newcomers to OSS. The barriers were identified using a qualitative analysis on data obtained from newcomers and members of OSS projects. We organize the results in a conceptual model composed of 38 barriers, grouped into seven different categories. These barriers may motivate new studies and the development of appropriate tooling to better support the onboarding of new contributors.

References

[1]
Bassil, S. and Keller, R.K. 2001. Software visualization tools: survey and analysis. Program Comprehension, 2001. IWPC 2001. Proceedings. 9th International Workshop on (2001), 7–17.
[2]
Begel, A. and Simon, B. 2008. Novice Software Developers, All over Again. 4th Intl. Workshop on Computing Education Research (2008), 3–14.
[3]
Bird, C. 2011. Sociotechnical coordination and collaboration in open source software. Proceedings of the 2011 27th IEEE International Conference on Software Maintenance (Washington, DC, USA, 2011), 568–573.
[4]
Canfora, G., Di Penta, M., Oliveto, R. and Panichella, S. 2012. Who is Going to Mentor Newcomers in Open Source Projects? 20th Intl. Symposium on the Foundations of Software Engineering (2012), 44:1–44:11.
[5]
Canfora, G., Di Penta, M., Oliveto, R. and Panichella, S. 2012. Who is Going to Mentor Newcomers in Open Source Projects? Proceedings of the ACM SIGSOFT 20th International Symposium on the Foundations of Software Engineering (Cary, North Carolina, 2012), 44:1–44:11.
[6]
Cornelissen, B., Zaidman, A., Deursen, A. van, Moonen, L. and Koschke, R. 2009. A Systematic Survey of Program Comprehension through Dynamic Analysis. Software Engineering, IEEE Transactions on. 35, 5 (2009), 684–702.
[7]
Cubranic, D. and Murphy, G.C. 2003. Hipikat: recommending pertinent software development artifacts. Software Engineering, 2003. Proceedings. 25th International Conference on (May. 2003), 408–418.
[8]
Cubranic, D., Murphy, G.C., Singer, J. and Booth, K.S. 2005. Hipikat: a project memory for software development. IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering. 31, (2005), 446–465.
[9]
Dagenais, B., Ossher, H., Bellamy, R.K.E., Robillard, M.P. and Vries, J.P. de 2010. Moving into a New Software Project Landscape. Proceedings of the 32sd ACM/IEEE Intl. Conf. on Software Engineering (2010), 275–284.
[10]
Ducheneaut, N. 2005. Socialization in an Open Source Software Community: A Socio-Technical Analysis. Computer Supported Cooperative Work (CSCW). 14, 4 (2005), 323–368.
[11]
Halfaker, A., Kittur, A. and Riedl, J. 2011. Don’t Bite the Newbies: How Reverts Affect the Quantity and Quality of Wikipedia Work. 7th Intl. Symposium on Wikis and Open Collaboration (2011), 163–172.
[12]
Hars, A. and Ou, S. 2001. Working for free? Motivations of participating in open source projects. 34th Annual Hawaii Intl. Conference on System Sciences (2001), 9 pp.
[13]
Jensen, C., King, S. and Kuechler, V. 2011. Joining Free/Open Source Software Communities: An Analysis of Newbies’ First Interactions on Project Mailing Lists. 44th Hawaii Intl. Conf. on System Sciences (2011), 1–10.
[14]
Jensen, C., King, S. and Kuechler, V. 2011. Joining Free/Open Source Software Communities: An Analysis of Newbies’ First Interactions on Project Mailing Lists. System Sciences (HICSS), 2011 44th Hawaii International Conference on (2011), 1–10.
[15]
Jensen, C. and Scacchi, W. 2007. Role Migration and Advancement Processes in OSSD Projects: A Comparative Case Study. 29th Intl. Conf. on Software Engineering, 2007. ICSE 2007. (2007), 364–374.
[16]
Jergensen, C., Sarma, A. and Wagstrom, P. 2011. The Onion Patch: Migration in Open Source Ecosystems. 19th ACM SIGSOFT Symposium and the 13th European Conf. on Foundations of Software Engineering (2011), 70–80.
[17]
Khomh, F., Vaucher, S., Gueheneuc, Y.-G. and Sahraoui, H. 2009. A Bayesian Approach for the Detection of Code and Design Smells. Quality Software, 2009. QSIC ’09. 9th International Conference on (Aug. 2009), 305–314.
[18]
Krishnamurthy, S. 2006. On the intrinsic and extrinsic motivation of free/libre/open source (FLOSS) developers. Knowledge, Technology & Policy. 18, 4 (2006), 17––39.
[19]
Krogh, G. von, Spaeth, S. and Lakhani, K.R. 2003. Community, joining, and specialization in open source software innovation: a case study. Research Policy. 32, (2003), 1217–1241.
[20]
Lakhani, K.R. and Wolf, R.G. 2005. Why Hackers Do What They Do: Understanding Motivation and Effort in Free/Open Source Software Projects. Perspectives on Free and Open Source Software. MIT Press.
[21]
Malheiros, Y., Moraes, A., Trindade, C. and Meira, S. 2012. A Source Code Recommender System to Support Newcomers. 36th Annual Computer Software and Applications Conf. (COMPSAC) (2012), 19–24.
[22]
Malheiros, Y., Moraes, A., Trindade, C. and Meira, S. 2012. A Source Code Recommender System to Support Newcomers. 36th Annual Computer Software and Applications Conf. (COMPSAC) (2012), 19–24.
[23]
Meirelles, P., Santos, C., Miranda, J., Kon, F., Terceiro, A. and Chavez, C. 2010. A study of the relationships between source code metrics and attractiveness in free software projects. Software Engineering (SBES), 2010 Brazilian Symposium on (2010), 11–20.
[24]
Mockus, A. and Herbsleb, J.D. 2002. Expertise browser: a quantitative approach to identifying expertise. Proceedings of the 24th International Conference on Software Engineering (Orlando, Florida, 2002), 503–512.
[25]
Nakakoji, K., Yamamoto, Y., Nishinaka, Y., Kishida, K. and Ye, Y. 2002. Evolution Patterns of Open-source Software Systems and Communities. Intl. Workshop on Principles of Software Evolution (2002), 76–85.
[26]
Park, Y. and Jensen, C. 2009. Beyond pretty pictures: Examining the benefits of code visualization for Open Source newcomers. 5th Intl. Workshop on Visualizing Software for Understanding and Analysis (2009), 3–10.
[27]
Qureshi, I. and Fang, Y. 2011. Socialization in Open Source Software Projects: A Growth Mixture Modeling Approach. Org. Res. Methods. 14, 1 (2011), 208–238.
[28]
Santos, C., Kuk, G., Kon, F. and Pearson, J. 2013. The Attraction of Contributors in Free and Open Source Software Projects. J. Strateg. Inf. Syst. 22, 1 (Mar. 2013), 26–45.
[29]
Scacchi, W. 2002. Understanding the requirements for developing open source software systems. Software, IEE Proceedings -. 149, (2002), 24–39.
[30]
Schuler, D. and Zimmermann, T. 2008. Mining usage expertise from version archives. Proceedings of the 2008 international working conference on Mining software repositories (Leipzig, Germany, 2008), 121–124.
[31]
Schumacher, J., Zazworka, N., Shull, F., Seaman, C. and Shaw, M. 2010. Building Empirical Support for Automated Code Smell Detection. Proceedings of the 2010 ACM-IEEE International Symposium on Empirical Software Engineering and Measurement (Bolzano-Bozen, Italy, 2010), 8:1–8:10.
[32]
Shah, S.K. 2006. Motivation, Governance, and the Viability of Hybrid Forms in Open Source Software Development. Manage. Sci. 52, 7 (2006), 1000–1014.
[33]
Steinmacher, I., Gerosa, M.A. and Redmiles, D. 2014. Attracting, Onboarding, and Retaining Newcomer Developers in Open Source Software Projects. Workshop on Global Software Development in a CSCW Perspective (2014).
[34]
Steinmacher, I., Silva, M.A.G. and Gerosa, M.A. 2014. Systematic review on problems faced by newcomers to open source projects. 10th International Conference on Open Source Software (2014), 10pp.
[35]
Steinmacher, I., Wiese, I., Chaves, A.P. and Gerosa, M.A. 2013. Why do newcomers abandon open source software projects? 6th Intl. Workshop on Cooperative and Human Aspects of Software Engineering (CHASE) (2013), 25–32.
[36]
Steinmacher, I., Wiese, I.S., Chaves, A.P. and Gerosa, M.A. 2012. Newcomers Withdrawal in Open Source Software Projects: Analysis of Hadoop Common Project. SBSC (2012), 65–74.
[37]
Steinmacher, I., Wiese, I.S. and Gerosa, M.A. 2012. Recommending mentors to software project newcomers. Recommendation Systems for Software Engineering (RSSE), 2012 Third International Workshop on (Washington, DC, USA, Jun. 2012), 63–67.
[38]
Strauss, A. and Corbin, J.M. 1998. Basics of Qualitative Research : Techniques and Procedures for Developing Grounded Theory. SAGE Publications.
[39]
Vora, P., Komura, N. and Team, S.U. 2010. The N00B Wikipedia Editing Experience. 6th Intl. Symposium on Wikis and Open Collaboration (2010), 36:1–36:3.
[40]
Wang, J. and Sarma, A. 2011. Which Bug Should I Fix: Helping New Developers Onboard a New Project. 4th Intl. Workshop on Cooperative and Human Aspects of Software Engineering (2011), 76–79.
[41]
Wolff-Marting, V., Hannebauer, C. and Gruhn, V. 2013. Patterns for tearing down contribution barriers to FLOSS projects. 12th Intl. Conf. on Intelligent Software Methodologies, Tools and Techniques (2013), 9–14.
[42]
Ye, Y. and Kishida, K. 2003. Toward an Understanding of the Motivation Open Source Software Developers. Proceedings of the 25th International Conference on Software Engineering (Portland, Oregon, 2003), 419–429.
[43]
Zhou, M. and Mockus, A. 2011. Does the initial environment impact the future of developers. Software Engineering (ICSE), 2011 33rd International Conference on (May. 2011), 271–280.
[44]
Zhou, M. and Mockus, A. 2012. What Make Long Term Contributors: Willingness and Opportunity in OSS Community. 2012 Intl. Conf. on Software Engineering (2012), 518–528.
[45]
Zhou, M. and Mockus, A. 2012. What make long term contributors: Willingness and opportunity in OSS ommunity. Software Engineering (ICSE), 2012 34th International Conference on (Jun. 2012), 518–528.

Cited By

View all

Recommendations

Comments

Information & Contributors

Information

Published In

cover image ACM Conferences
CHASE 2014: Proceedings of the 7th International Workshop on Cooperative and Human Aspects of Software Engineering
June 2014
132 pages
ISBN:9781450328609
DOI:10.1145/2593702
Permission to make digital or hard copies of all or part of this work for personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are not made or distributed for profit or commercial advantage and that copies bear this notice and the full citation on the first page. Copyrights for components of this work owned by others than ACM must be honored. Abstracting with credit is permitted. To copy otherwise, or republish, to post on servers or to redistribute to lists, requires prior specific permission and/or a fee. Request permissions from [email protected]

Sponsors

In-Cooperation

  • TCSE: IEEE Computer Society's Tech. Council on Software Engin.

Publisher

Association for Computing Machinery

New York, NY, United States

Publication History

Published: 02 June 2014

Permissions

Request permissions for this article.

Check for updates

Author Tags

  1. Open Source Software
  2. barrier
  3. newcomers
  4. qualitative analysis

Qualifiers

  • Article

Conference

ICSE '14
Sponsor:

Acceptance Rates

Overall Acceptance Rate 47 of 70 submissions, 67%

Upcoming Conference

ICSE 2025

Contributors

Other Metrics

Bibliometrics & Citations

Bibliometrics

Article Metrics

  • Downloads (Last 12 months)44
  • Downloads (Last 6 weeks)3
Reflects downloads up to 05 Feb 2025

Other Metrics

Citations

Cited By

View all

View Options

Login options

View options

PDF

View or Download as a PDF file.

PDF

eReader

View online with eReader.

eReader

Figures

Tables

Media

Share

Share

Share this Publication link

Share on social media