research-article

GPSMirror: Expanding Accurate GPS Positioning to Shadowed and Indoor Regions with Backscatter

Authors:

Jianhua HeAuthors Info & Claims

ACM MobiCom '23: Proceedings of the 29th Annual International Conference on Mobile Computing and Networking

Article No.: 11, Pages 1 - 15

https://doi.org/10.1145/3570361.3592511

Published: 10 July 2023 Publication History

Abstract

Despite the prevalence of GPS services, they still suffer from intermittent positioning with poor accuracy in partially shadowed regions like urban canyons, flyover shadows, and factories' indoor areas. Existing wisdom relies on hardware modifications of GPS receivers or power-hungry infrastructures requiring continuous plug-in power supply which is hard to provide in outdoor regions and some factories. This paper fills the gap with GPSMirror, the first GPS-strengthening system that works for unmodified smartphones with the assistance of newly-designed GPS backscatter tags. The key enabling techniques in GPSMirror include: (i) a meticulous hardware design with microwatt-level power consumption that pushes the limit of backscatter sensitivity to re-radiate extremely weak GPS signals with enough coverage approaching the regulation limit; and (ii) a novel GPS positioning algorithm achieving meter-level accuracy in shadowed regions as well as expanding locatable regions under inadequate satellites where conventional algorithms fail. We build a prototype of the GPSMirror tags and conduct comprehensive experiments to evaluate them. Our results show that a GPSMirror tag can provide coverage up to 27.7 m. GPSMirror achieves median positioning accuracy of 3.7 m indoors and 4.6 m in urban canyon environments, respectively.

References

[1]

Aeroflex. 2012. MBD1057 Datasheet. http://pdf.datasheet.live/datasheets-1/aeroflex_[metelics]/MBD1057-C18.pdf.

[2]

Fahim Ahmed, Mark Phillips, Stephen Phillips, and Kyoung-Yun Kim. 2020. Comparative study of seamless asset location and tracking technologies. Procedia Manufacturing 51 (2020), 1138--1145.

[3]

SL Altman. 1986. Rotations, quaternions, and double groups. Clarendon.

[4]

Francesco Amato and Gregory D Durgin. 2018. Tunnel diodes for backscattering communications. In 2018 2nd URSI Atlantic Radio Science Meeting (AT-RASC). IEEE, 1--3.

[5]

Francesco Amato and Simon Hemour. 2019. The harmonic tunneling tag: A dual-band approach to backscattering communications. In 2019 IEEE International Conference on RFID Technology and Applications (RFID-TA). IEEE, 244--247.

[6]

Roshan Ayyalasomayajula, Deepak Vasisht, and Dinesh Bharadia. 2018. BLoc: CSI-Based Accurate Localization for BLE Tags. In Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Emerging Networking Experiments and Technologies (Heraklion, Greece) (CoNEXT '18). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 126--138.

Digital Library

[7]

Beaconstac. [n. d.]. iBeacon Technology. [EB/OL]. https://www.beaconstac.com/apple-ibeacon-technology Accessed Jan, 2023.

[8]

BeaconTrax. 2022. Trax20220. https://www.beacontrax.com/product/trax20220-bluetooth-lte-m-ble-gateway/.

[9]

Kongyang Chen and Guang Tan. 2018. BikeGPS: Accurate Localization of Shared Bikes in Street Canyons via Low-Level GPS Cooperation. In Proceedings of the 16th Annual International Conference on Mobile Systems, Applications, and Services (MobiSys '18). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 150--162.

Digital Library

[10]

Ashutosh Dhekne, Ayon Chakraborty, Karthikeyan Sundaresan, and Sampath Rangarajan. 2019. TrackIO: Tracking First Responders Inside-Out. In 16th USENIX Symposium on Networked Systems Design and Implementation. USENIX Association, Boston, MA, 751--764. https://www.usenix.org/conference/nsdi19/presentation/dhekne

[11]

EHIGH. 2016. EHIGH EH100602D04 Datasheet. https://www.ehighuwb.com/product-item-11.html.

[12]

Farhad Farzami, Seiran Khaledian, Besma Smida, and Danilo Erricolo. 2017. Ultra-low power reflection amplifier using tunnel diode for RFID applications. In 2017 IEEE International Symposium on Antennas and Propagation & USNC/URSI National Radio Science Meeting. IEEE, 2511--2512.

[13]

gemsnav. 2016. RGA30-DV GPS relay. http://en.gemsnav.com/product_detail_10.html.

[14]

gemsnav. 2019. GRK-1 GPS relay. http://www.gemsnav.com/product_detail_60.html.

[15]

gemsnav. 2019. Q-GL1 GPS relay. http://www.gemsnav.com/product_detail_16.html.

[16]

geomax positioning. 2018. GNSS Receiver Zenith35 Pro Series. https://geooprema.com/products/survey-equipment/survey-gps-gnss/geomax-zenith-35-pro-gps-gnss/.

[17]

Google. 2016. GPS Measurement Tools. https://github.com/google/gps-measurement-tools.

[18]

Official U.S. government information about the GPS and related topics. 2020. GPS Accuracy. https://www.gps.gov/systems/gps/performance/accuracy/.

[19]

Karan Gumber, Francesco Amato, Corinne Dejous, and Simon Hemour. 2020. Nonlinear negative resistance-based harmonic backscatter. In 2020 IEEE/MTT-S International Microwave Symposium (IMS). IEEE, 603--606.

[20]

HSE Booklet HSG47. 2000. Avoiding Danger from Underground Services. https://www.spenergynetworks.co.uk/userfiles/file/hsg47.pdf.

[21]

Todd E Humphreys, Matthew Murrian, Frank Van Diggelen, Sergei Podshivalov, and Kenneth M Pesyna. 2016. On the feasibility of cm-accurate positioning via a smartphone's antenna and GNSS chip. In 2016 IEEE/ION position, location and navigation symposium (PLANS). IEEE, 232--242.

[22]

Mohamed Ibrahim, Hansi Liu, Minitha Jawahar, Viet Nguyen, Marco Gruteser, Richard Howard, Bo Yu, and Fan Bai. 2018. Verification: Accuracy evaluation of WiFi fine time measurements on an open platform. In Proceedings of the 24th Annual International Conference on Mobile Computing and Networking (MobiCom'18). 417--427.

Digital Library

[23]

Texas Instrument. 2016. CC2640R2F Datasheet. https://www.ti.com/product/CC2640R2F.

[24]

Texas Instrument. 2020. CC3230S Datasheet. https://www.ti.com/product/CC3230S.

[25]

Junsu Jang and Fadel Adib. 2019. Underwater backscatter networking. In Proceedings of the ACM Special Interest Group on Data Communication. 187--199.

Digital Library

[26]

AK Jonscher. 1961. The physics of the tunnel diode. British Journal of Applied Physics 12, 12 (1961), 654.

[27]

M Kayton. 2002. Global positioning system: signals, measurements, and performance [Book Review]. IEEE Aerospace and Electronic Systems Magazine 17, 10 (2002), 36--37.

[28]

J-L Li, S-W Qu, and Quan Xue. 2009. Compact microstrip lowpass filter with sharp roll-off and wide stop-band. Electronics Letters 45, 2 (2009), 110--111.

[29]

Jie Liu, Bodhi Priyantha, Ted Hart, Yuzhe Jin, Woosuk Lee, Vijay Raghunathan, Heitor S Ramos, and Qiang Wang. 2015. CO-GPS: Energy efficient GPS sensing with cloud offloading. IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing 15, 6 (2015), 1348--1361.

[30]

Vincent Liu, Aaron Parks, Vamsi Talla, Shyamnath Gollakota, David Wetherall, and Joshua R Smith. 2013. Ambient backscatter: Wireless communication out of thin air. ACM SIGCOMM Computer Communication Review 43, 4 (2013), 39--50.

Digital Library

[31]

Vincent Liu, Vamsi Talla, and Shyamnath Gollakota. 2014. Enabling instantaneous feedback with full-duplex backscatter. In Proceedings of the 20th annual international conference on Mobile computing and networking (MobiCom'14). 67--78.

Digital Library

[32]

Xiaochen Liu, Suman Nath, and Ramesh Govindan. 2018. Gnome: A practical approach to nlos mitigation for gps positioning in smart-phones. In Proceedings of the 16th Annual International Conference on Mobile Systems, Applications, and Services (MobiSys'18). 163--177.

Digital Library

[33]

Marty McCann. 2009. DSP Presets and Power Amplifier Voltage Gain. https://peavey.com/PDFs/Voltage-Gain-1.pdf.

[34]

Oleg Mezentsev, Gerard Lachapelle, and Jussi Collin. 2005. Pedestrian dead reckoning---A solution to navigation in GPS signal degraded areas? Geomatica 59, 2 (2005), 175--182.

[35]

O Mezentsev, Y Lu, G Lachapelle, and R Klukas. 2002. Vehicular navigation in urban canyons using a high sensitivity GPS receiver augmented with a low cost rate gyro. In Proceedings of the 15th International Technical Meeting of the Satellite Division of The Institute of Navigation (ION GPS 2002). 363--369.

[36]

GJ Morgan-Owen and GT Johnston. 1995. Differential GPS positioning. Electronics & Communication Engineering Journal 7, 1 (1995), 11--21.

[37]

G. T. Munsterman. 1965. Tunnel-Diode Microwave Amplofiers. https://www.jhuapl.edu/Content/techdigest/pdf/APL-V04-N05/APL-04-05-Munsterman.pdf.

[38]

Shahriar Nirjon, Jie Liu, Gerald DeJean, Bodhi Priyantha, Yuzhe Jin, and Ted Hart. 2014. COIN-GPS: indoor localization from direct GPS receiving. In Proceedings of the 12th annual international conference on Mobile systems, applications, and services (MobiSys'14). 301--314.

Digital Library

[39]

U.S. Department of Transportation. 2020. New York City Connected Vehicle Pilot Uses an Innovative Approach to Verify Location Accuracy in the City's Urban Canyons. https://www.its.dot.gov/pilots/nyc_cvp_canyons.htm.

[40]

Bradford W Parkinson and Per K Enge. 1996. Differential gps. Global Positioning System: Theory and applications. 2 (1996), 3--50.

[41]

Qorvo. 2017. DW1000 Datasheet. https://www.qorvo.com/products/p/DW1000.

[42]

ROGER. 2016. ROGER GPS Datasheet. https://www.gps-repeating.com/products/gnss-repeaters/gnss-l1g1ga-gnss-repeater.html.

[43]

Steven Shade and Premal H Madhani. 2018. Android GNSS Measurements-Inside the BCM47755. In Proceedings of the 31st International Technical Meeting of the Satellite Division of The Institute of Navigation (ION GNSS+ 2018). 554--579.

[44]

Wang-Ik Son, Won-Gyu Lim, Moon-Que Lee, Sang-Bo Min, and Jong-Won Yu. 2008. Printed Square Quadrifilar Helix Antenna (QHA) for GPS Receiver. In 2008 38th European Microwave Conference. 1292--1295.

[45]

Vamsi Talla, Mehrdad Hessar, Bryce Kellogg, Ali Najafi, Joshua R Smith, and Shyamnath Gollakota. 2017. Lora backscatter: Enabling the vision of ubiquitous connectivity. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 1, 3 (2017), 1--24.

Digital Library

[46]

National Telecommunications and Information Administration. 2010. lectromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM); Short Range Devices; Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) Repeaters;.

[47]

National Telecommunications and Information Administration. 2013. 8.3.28 Use of Fixed Devices That Re-Radiate Signals Received From the Global Positioning System. NTIA.

[48]

U-Blox. 2021. u-blox D9 correction data receiver. https://content.u-blox.com/sites/default/files/u-blox-D9-PMP-1.04_InterfaceDescription_UBX-21040023.pdf.

[49]

Frank van Diggelen. 2021. Improving urban GPS accuracy for your app. https://android-developers.googleblog.com/2020/12/improving-urban-gps-accuracy-for-your.html.

[50]

Ambuj Varshney and Lorenzo Corneo. 2020. Tunnel emitter: tunnel diode based low-power carrier emitters for backscatter tags. In Proceedings of the 26th Annual International Conference on Mobile Computing and Networking (MobiCom'20). 1--14.

Digital Library

[51]

Ambuj Varshney, Andreas Soleiman, and Thiemo Voigt. 2019. Tunnelscatter: Low power communication for sensor tags using tunnel diodes. In The 25th Annual International Conference on Mobile Computing and Networking (MobiCom'19). 1--17.

Digital Library

[52]

Ambuj Varshney, Wenqing Yan, and Prabal Dutta. 2022. Judo: addressing the energy asymmetry of wireless embedded systems through tunnel diode based wireless transmitters. In Proceedings of the 20th Annual International Conference on Mobile Systems, Applications and Services (MobiSys'22). 273--286.

Digital Library

[53]

Duojie Weng, Xingli Gan, Wu Chen, Shengyue Ji, and Yangwei Lu. 2020. A new DGNSS positioning infrastructure for android smartphones. Sensors 20, 2 (2020), 487.

[54]

Ao Yariv and Jo So Cook. 1961. A noise investigation of tunnel-diode microwave amplifiers. Proceedings of the IRE 49, 4 (1961), 739--743.

[55]

Minghui Zhao, Tyler Chang, Aditya Arun, Roshan Ayyalasomayajula, Chi Zhang, and Dinesh Bharadia. 2021. ULoc: Low-Power, Scalable and Cm-Accurate UWB-Tag Localization and Tracking for Indoor Applications. Proc. ACM Interact. Mob. Wearable Ubiquitous Technol. 5, 3, Article 140 (sep 2021), 31 pages.

Digital Library

[56]

Renjie Zhao, Purui Wang, Yunfei Ma, Pengyu Zhang, Hongqiang Harry Liu, Xianshang Lin, Xinyu Zhang, Chenren Xu, and Ming Zhang. 2020. Nfc+ breaking nfc networking limits through resonance engineering. In Proceedings of the Annual conference of the ACM Special Interest Group on Data Communication on the applications, technologies, architectures, and protocols for computer communication (SIGCOMM'20). 694--707.

[57]

Renjie Zhao, Fengyuan Zhu, Yuda Feng, Siyuan Peng, Xiaohua Tian, Hui Yu, and Xinbing Wang. 2019. OFDMA-enabled Wi-Fi backscatter. In The 25th Annual International Conference on Mobile Computing and Networking (MobiCom'19). 1--15.

Digital Library

Cited By

Dong HYang LYang LLuo Zli CZhang XWang W(2024)A Unified Tunnel-diode Based Low Power Signal Waveform Transform Hardware for RF ComputingProceedings of the First International Workshop on Radio Frequency (RF) Computing10.1145/3698386.3699993(36-37)Online publication date: 4-Nov-2024
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3698386.3699993
Wu YDong HZhang XWang W(2024)Integrating Localization and Communication for Multiple Backscatter Tags With Commodity WiFi2024 IEEE International Workshop on Radio Frequency and Antenna Technologies (iWRF&AT)10.1109/iWRFAT61200.2024.10594532(156-161)Online publication date: 31-May-2024
https://doi.org/10.1109/iWRFAT61200.2024.10594532
Thaddeus LReddy CBhadauria YShah DGulati MVarshney A(2024)TunnelSense: Low-Power, Non-Contact Sensing Using Tunnel Diodes2024 IEEE International Conference on RFID (RFID)10.1109/RFID62091.2024.10582671(154-159)Online publication date: 4-Jun-2024
https://doi.org/10.1109/RFID62091.2024.10582671
Show More Cited By

Index Terms

GPSMirror: Expanding Accurate GPS Positioning to Shadowed and Indoor Regions with Backscatter
1. Hardware
  1. Communication hardware, interfaces and storage
    1. Networking hardware
2. Information systems
  1. Information systems applications
    1. Spatial-temporal systems
      1. Global positioning systems

Recommendations

An Accurate GPS-Based Localization in Wireless Sensor Networks: A GM-WLS Method
ICPPW '11: Proceedings of the 2011 40th International Conference on Parallel Processing Workshops

For wireless sensor networks, localization is crucial due to the dynamic nature of deployment. In absolute localization, a few nodes (called beacon nodes or anchors) need to know their absolute positions, and all the other nodes are absolutely localized ...
SuperSight: Sub-cm NLOS Localization for mmWave Backscatter
MOBISYS '24: Proceedings of the 22nd Annual International Conference on Mobile Systems, Applications and Services

Precise localization encompassing diverse indoor spaces is the key to immersive interaction services. In practice, indoor localization often undergoes blind spots as RF is easily blocked by everyday objects ranging from concrete walls, metallic shelves, ...
Indoor localization using multi-range beaconing: poster
MobiHoc '16: Proceedings of the 17th ACM International Symposium on Mobile Ad Hoc Networking and Computing

The increasing importance of location-aware computing and context-dependent services have led to a growing interest in low-cost indoor positioning with sub-meter accuracy. Bluetooth positioning has received increasing attention from both academia and ...

Comments

Information & Contributors

Information

Published In

cover image ACM Conferences

ACM MobiCom '23: Proceedings of the 29th Annual International Conference on Mobile Computing and Networking

October 2023

1605 pages

ISBN:9781450399906

DOI:10.1145/3570361

Chairs:
Xavier Costa,
Joerg Widmer,
Co-chairs:
Diego Perino,
Domenico Giustiniano,
Program Chair:
Haitham Al Hassanieh,
Program Co-chairs:
Arash Asadi,
Landon Cox

Copyright © 2023 ACM.

Permission to make digital or hard copies of all or part of this work for personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are not made or distributed for profit or commercial advantage and that copies bear this notice and the full citation on the first page. Copyrights for components of this work owned by others than the author(s) must be honored. Abstracting with credit is permitted. To copy otherwise, or republish, to post on servers or to redistribute to lists, requires prior specific permission and/or a fee. Request permissions from [email protected].

Sponsors

SIGMOBILE: ACM Special Interest Group on Mobility of Systems, Users, Data and Computing

Publisher

Association for Computing Machinery

New York, NY, United States

Publication History

Published: 10 July 2023

Permissions

Request permissions for this article.

Request Permissions

Check for updates

Author Tags

Qualifiers

Research-article

Funding Sources

National Key R&D Program of China
National Science Foundation of China
Key R&D Program of Hubei Province of China
European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie grant agreement
Knowledge Innovation Program of WuhanShuguang

Conference

ACM MobiCom '23

Sponsor:

SIGMOBILE

ACM MobiCom '23: 29th Annual International Conference on Mobile Computing and Networking

October 2 - 6, 2023

Madrid, Spain

Acceptance Rates

Overall Acceptance Rate 440 of 2,972 submissions, 15%

Contributors

Other Metrics

View Article Metrics

Bibliometrics & Citations

Bibliometrics

Article Metrics

6
Total Citations
View Citations
823
Total Downloads

Downloads (Last 12 months)549
Downloads (Last 6 weeks)59

Reflects downloads up to 07 Nov 2024

Other Metrics

View Author Metrics

Citations

Cited By

Dong HYang LYang LLuo Zli CZhang XWang W(2024)A Unified Tunnel-diode Based Low Power Signal Waveform Transform Hardware for RF ComputingProceedings of the First International Workshop on Radio Frequency (RF) Computing10.1145/3698386.3699993(36-37)Online publication date: 4-Nov-2024
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3698386.3699993
Wu YDong HZhang XWang W(2024)Integrating Localization and Communication for Multiple Backscatter Tags With Commodity WiFi2024 IEEE International Workshop on Radio Frequency and Antenna Technologies (iWRF&AT)10.1109/iWRFAT61200.2024.10594532(156-161)Online publication date: 31-May-2024
https://doi.org/10.1109/iWRFAT61200.2024.10594532
Thaddeus LReddy CBhadauria YShah DGulati MVarshney A(2024)TunnelSense: Low-Power, Non-Contact Sensing Using Tunnel Diodes2024 IEEE International Conference on RFID (RFID)10.1109/RFID62091.2024.10582671(154-159)Online publication date: 4-Jun-2024
https://doi.org/10.1109/RFID62091.2024.10582671
Fan CZhang SLiu KWang SYang ZWang W(2024)Enhancing mmWave Radar Point Cloud via Visual-inertial Supervision2024 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation (ICRA)10.1109/ICRA57147.2024.10610091(9010-9017)Online publication date: 13-May-2024
https://doi.org/10.1109/ICRA57147.2024.10610091
Jian RDing YQu MMiao JTang XHuang WZhang Y(2024)Ambient IoT: Insight and Challenge of Enabling Technologies for Future Study2024 6th International Conference on Electronics and Communication, Network and Computer Technology (ECNCT)10.1109/ECNCT63103.2024.10704336(451-458)Online publication date: 19-Jul-2024
https://doi.org/10.1109/ECNCT63103.2024.10704336
Reddy CGulati MVarshney A(2023)Beyond BroadcastingProceedings of the 11th International Workshop on Energy Harvesting & Energy-Neutral Sensing Systems10.1145/3628353.3628546(30-36)Online publication date: 12-Nov-2023
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3628353.3628546

View Options

Get Access

Login options

Check if you have access through your login credentials or your institution to get full access on this article.

Full Access

Get this Publication

View options

PDF

View or Download as a PDF file.

eReader

View online with eReader.

Media

Figures

Other

Tables

View Table of Contents