Alberto Ventura’s Post

The simulated plant consists of a water-cooled screw chiller and a mechanical -draft counter-flow wet cooling tower. The ESC scheme takes the total power consumption of chiller compressor and tower fan as feedback, and uses the fan speed setting as control input. The inner-loop controllers for the chiller operation include two PI control loops for regulating the evaporator superheat and the chilled water temperature. VAC systems account for about 32% of the energy used in the commercial buildings schematic of typical chilled-water ventilation and air-conditioning system for commercial buildings with three main components: air handling unit, chiller and cooling tower. The power consumption of such system is mainly from the chiller compressor and the cooling tower fan.

  Several HVAC systems require field refrigeration piping to be designed and installed on-site. Examples include Condensing units, Direct expansion (DX) coil in air handlers, Remote evaporators with air-cooled chillers and Chiller with a remote air-cooled condenser. This Guide covers R-22, R-407C, R-410A, and R-134a used in commercial air conditioning systems. A properly designed and installed refrigerant piping system should: Provide adequate refrigerant flow to the evaporators, using practical refrigerant line sizes that limit pressure drop. Avoid trapping excessive oil so that the compressor has enough oil to operate properly at all times. Avoid liquid refrigerant slugging. Be clean and dry.

Air-Cooled Water Chiller: Animated Schematic to 30 Tons Compressor (#1) The compressor has two functions in the refrigerant cycle. First, it removes the refrigerant vapor from the evaporator and reduces the pressure in the evaporator to a point where the desired evaporating temperature can be maintained. Air-Cooled Condenser (#2) The air-cooled condenser is a heat exchanger where the process heat absorbed by the refrigerant is given off to the air around it. High Pressure Limit (#3) Protects the system against excessive pressure in the refrigerant circuit. High Pressure Gauge (#4) Provides visual indication of the refrigerant condensing pressure. Liquid Receiver (#5) The receiver is required to hold the system refrigerant charge during service. Filter Drier (#6) The Filter Drier removes moisture, dirt, and other foreign materials from the refrigerant that will harm the system components and reduce efficiency. Liquid Line Solenoid (#7) The Liquid Line Solenoid is an electrically controlled refrigerant flow control valve that closes when the compressor stops. Refrigerant Sight Glass (#8) The Refrigerant Sight Glas allows the operator or serviceman to observe the flow of liquid refrigerant. Expansion Valve (#9) The Expansion Valve meters the flow of liquid refrigerant into the evaporator at the proper rate to provide cooling of the process water. Hot Gas Bypass Valve (#10) The Hot Gas Bypass Valve (not included with Digital Scroll Compressors) prevents short cycling of the compressor by modulating the compressor capacity. Evaporator (#11) The EVAPORATOR is the device in which liquid refrigerant boils, absorbing heat as it evaporates, cooling the process fluid. Low Pressure Refrigerant Gauge (#12) Provides visual indication of the refrigerant evaporating pressure. Low Refrigerant Pressure Limit (#13) Protects the system against low pressure in the refrigerant circuit. Coolant Pump (#14) The Coolant Pump circulates chilled fluid through the process loop. Freeze stat Limit (#15) The FREEZESTAT aids in protecting the evaporator from potential freezing. To Process Sensor Probe (#16) The To Process Sensor Probe is placed in the coolant flow stream going to the process. Coolant Pressure Gauge (#17) Provides visual indication of the coolant pressure supplied to the process. Water Make-Up Solenoid (#18) When activated by the float switch, the WATER MAKE UP SOLENOID will open and introduce supply water to the reservoir. Reservoir Level Float Switch (#19) The Reservoir Level Float Switch is place at the proper water level in the reservoir. The Water Make-Up Solenoid valve refilling the tank to the proper level. From Process Sensor Probe (#20) The From Process Sensor Probe is placed in the coolant flow stream coming back from the process. Evaporator Flow Switch (#21) The Evaporator Flow Switch protects the system from low coolant flow. Reservoir (#22) The Coolant Reservoir is selected to have adequate volume.

Air Cooled Industrial Chiller. The different types of compressors are screw, reciprocating, scroll, rotary, and centrifugal. Centrifugal compressors are the most dynamic and operate differently from the other types, which use positive displacement as their working principle. The chillers will produce “chilled water” which is pumped out around the building to the Air Handling Units (AHU’s) and Fan Coil Units (FCU’s) Which remove the unwanted heat from the building and transfer it into the chilled water loop. The chilled water will enter the AHU’s/FCU’s at around 6°C (42.8°F) and by the time it leaves the heat exchanger within the AHU/FCU it will have risen to around 12°C (53.6°F) and will then make its way back to the Air-Cooled Chiller to dump this heat into the atmosphere before repeating the cycle.

Typical Piping for Remote Air-Cooled Condenser with a Dual Pump Spilt System. This drawing is supplied to demonstrate a possible piping configuration. The drawing is general in nature and is not intended to be all inclusive of every detail that might be required for your specific location and installation. Advantage accepts no responsibility for piping and any other component supplied or installed by others.

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