About
Find me on Twitter @Murray_Aitken and the Institute @IQVIA_Institute
MY ROLE: As…
Articles by Murray
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Alarming Rise in the Use of Illegal Online Pharmacies for Obesity Medicines
Alarming Rise in the Use of Illegal Online Pharmacies for Obesity Medicines
By Murray Aitken
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Outlook for 2024: 7 Indicators of Progress in the Life Sciences Sector
Outlook for 2024: 7 Indicators of Progress in the Life Sciences Sector
By Murray Aitken
Activity
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This morning the IQVIA Institute published a report that looks at the need for clinical trial global diversification by assessing trends in…
This morning the IQVIA Institute published a report that looks at the need for clinical trial global diversification by assessing trends in…
Shared by Murray Aitken
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🔍 New report out now: Rethinking Clinical Trial Country Prioritization The biopharma clinical research ecosystem has undergone significant…
🔍 New report out now: Rethinking Clinical Trial Country Prioritization The biopharma clinical research ecosystem has undergone significant…
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Pleased to share the latest report from the IQVIA Institute.
Pleased to share the latest report from the IQVIA Institute.
Shared by Murray Aitken
Experience
Education
Publications
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The future of drug development: the paradigm shift towards systems therapeutics
Drug Discovery Today
Progress in cell biology, genetics, molecular, and systems pharmacology is the driving force behind a current paradigm shift in drug research. This paradigm shift shapes new avenues for advanced treatments that are commonly referred to as ‘systems therapeutics’. Systems therapeutics differ in many ways from current drugs because they target biological networks rather than single transduction pathways, and affect disease processes rather than physiological processes. Here, we examine how the…
Progress in cell biology, genetics, molecular, and systems pharmacology is the driving force behind a current paradigm shift in drug research. This paradigm shift shapes new avenues for advanced treatments that are commonly referred to as ‘systems therapeutics’. Systems therapeutics differ in many ways from current drugs because they target biological networks rather than single transduction pathways, and affect disease processes rather than physiological processes. Here, we examine how the paradigm shift towards systems therapeutics will change current scientific concepts of the interactions between drugs and diseases, the organization of research and development, as well as the clinical use and therapeutic evaluations of therapeutic interventions.
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Preparing for the incoming wave of biosimilars in oncology
ESMO Open
With the imminent arrival of oncology biosimilars in the therapeutic paradigm, stakeholders including a clinician, specialist nurse, patient advocate, regulator and economist provide their perspective on optimising the uptake of these new agents in the treatment of cancer. A number of key messages emerge, based on the discussion that took place during a session of the European Society for Medical Oncology’s Annual Congress, ESMO Madrid 2017. First, for successful integration of biosimilars into…
With the imminent arrival of oncology biosimilars in the therapeutic paradigm, stakeholders including a clinician, specialist nurse, patient advocate, regulator and economist provide their perspective on optimising the uptake of these new agents in the treatment of cancer. A number of key messages emerge, based on the discussion that took place during a session of the European Society for Medical Oncology’s Annual Congress, ESMO Madrid 2017. First, for successful integration of biosimilars into the global healthcare paradigm, informing and educating the full scope of stakeholders, including clinicians, nurses, pharmacists and patients, is primordial. Success is dependent on providing solid evidence and ensuring all voices are heard. Second, for oncology medicines, much can be learnt from the growing experience of approved biosimilars in other disease indications, with success stories for patients, their healthcare providers and healthcare budgets alike. Finally, effective sustainability of the impact on healthcare budgets and the redirection of these savings require education and transparency.
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Decline In Economic Returns From New Drugs Raises Questions About Sustaining Innovations
Health Affairs
The sales and financial returns realized by pharmaceutical companies are a frequent topic of discussion and debate. In this study we analyzed the economic returns for four cohorts of new prescription drugs launched in the United States (in 1991–94, 1995–99, 2000–04, and 2005–09) and compared fluctuations in revenues with changing average research and development (R&D) and other costs to determine patterns in rewards for pharmaceutical innovation. We found that the average present values of…
The sales and financial returns realized by pharmaceutical companies are a frequent topic of discussion and debate. In this study we analyzed the economic returns for four cohorts of new prescription drugs launched in the United States (in 1991–94, 1995–99, 2000–04, and 2005–09) and compared fluctuations in revenues with changing average research and development (R&D) and other costs to determine patterns in rewards for pharmaceutical innovation. We found that the average present values of lifetime net economic returns were positive and reached a peak with the 1995–99 and 2000–04 new drug cohorts. However, returns have fallen sharply since then, with those for the 2005–09 cohort being very slightly negative and, on average, failing to recoup research and development and other costs. If this level of diminished returns persists, we believe that the rewards for innovation will not be sufficient for pharmaceutical manufacturers to maintain the historical rates of investments needed to sustain biomedical innovation.
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The Regulation of Prescription Drug Competition and Market Responses: Patterns in Prices and Sales Following Loss of Exclusivity
National Bureau of Economic Affairs
We examine six molecules facing initial loss of US exclusivity (LOE, from patent expiration or challenges) between June 2009 and May 2013 that were among the 50 most prescribed molecules in May 2013. We examine prices per day of therapy (from the perspective of average revenue received by retail pharmacy per day of therapy) and utilization separately for four payer types (cash, Medicare Part D, Medicaid, and other third party payer – TPP) and age under vs. 65 and older. We find that quantity…
We examine six molecules facing initial loss of US exclusivity (LOE, from patent expiration or challenges) between June 2009 and May 2013 that were among the 50 most prescribed molecules in May 2013. We examine prices per day of therapy (from the perspective of average revenue received by retail pharmacy per day of therapy) and utilization separately for four payer types (cash, Medicare Part D, Medicaid, and other third party payer – TPP) and age under vs. 65 and older. We find that quantity substitutions away from the brand are much larger proportionately and more rapid than average price reductions during the first six months following initial LOE. Brands continue to raise prices after generics enter. Expansion of total molecule sales (brand plus generic) following LOE is an increasingly common phenomenon compared with earlier eras. The number of days of therapy in a prescription has generally increased over time. Generic penetration rates are typically highest and most rapid for TPPs, and lowest and slowest for Medicaid. Cash customers and seniors generally pay the highest prices for brands and generics, third party payers and those under 65 pay the lowest prices, with Medicaid and Medicare Part D in between. The presence of an authorized generic during the 180-day exclusivity period has a significant impact on prices and volumes of prescriptions, but this varies across molecules.
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Brand loyalty, generic entry and price competition in pharmaceuticals in the quarter century after the 1984 Waxman-Hatch legislation
International Journal of the Economics of Business
We examine market share and price trends in the quarter century since the 1984 Waxman-Hatch legislation. The generic share of US retail prescriptions has grown from 18.6% in 1984 to 74.5% in 2009, with a notable acceleration in recent years. Whereas in 1994 the generic price index fell from 100 to 65 in the 24 months following initial generic entry, in 2009 the comparable price index was 28. For the prescription drugs most commonly used by beneficiaries in Medicare Part D, rather than…
We examine market share and price trends in the quarter century since the 1984 Waxman-Hatch legislation. The generic share of US retail prescriptions has grown from 18.6% in 1984 to 74.5% in 2009, with a notable acceleration in recent years. Whereas in 1994 the generic price index fell from 100 to 65 in the 24 months following initial generic entry, in 2009 the comparable price index was 28. For the prescription drugs most commonly used by beneficiaries in Medicare Part D, rather than increasing by 25–28% as has been reported by the American Association of Retired Persons (focusing entirely on brand prices), we find that once one incorporates substitution to lower priced generics following patent expiration, average price per prescription fell by 21.3% from 2006–09. Finally, we find that the weighted mean reduction in pharmaceutical daily treatment cost across nine therapeutic areas equaled 35.1% at 24 months post-generic entry
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Characterizing markets for biopharmaceutical innovations: do biologics differ from small molecules?
Forum for Health Economics & Policy
While much has been written about the distinctions between biologics and small molecules in terms of their scientific, manufacturing and regulatory experiences, relatively little has been published comparing their clinical and commercial experiences. Employing a data base encompassing all 96 biologics and 212 small molecules newly launched in the U.S. between 1998Q1 and 2008Q4, we compare their downstream clinical and commercial characteristics. Substantial heterogeneity occurs across…
While much has been written about the distinctions between biologics and small molecules in terms of their scientific, manufacturing and regulatory experiences, relatively little has been published comparing their clinical and commercial experiences. Employing a data base encompassing all 96 biologics and 212 small molecules newly launched in the U.S. between 1998Q1 and 2008Q4, we compare their downstream clinical and commercial characteristics. Substantial heterogeneity occurs across therapeutic classes. Biologics are more concentrated than small molecules in their therapeutic class composition, but have obtained FDA indication approvals in 13 of 15 classes. While average delays between FDA approval and first observed sales revenues are similar, biologics are twice as likely as small molecules to be Orphan Drugs, are slightly more likely to be designated FDA priority rather than standard review status, and gain slightly more supplemental indication approvals. Although 9.4% of new small molecules permanently exited the market for a variety of reasons, 7.3% of new biologics exited, but 26% of biologics had black box warnings compared to 20% of small molecules. Both biologics and small molecules take 21-22 quarters from launch to reach $100 million in real revenues. Small molecules have an initially more rapid uptake, but thereafter biologics’ mean revenues tend to be slightly greater than for small molecules. While launch prices for biologics are commonly perceived as being greater than for small molecules, price growth per standard unit is generally greater for small molecules than biologics, with rates of price growth increasing for small molecules in the first five years since launch, and decreasing thereafter. We conclude that the market dynamics of biologics differ substantially from those of small molecules, although therapeutic class composition plays a major role.
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Prescription drug spending trends in the United States: looking beyond the turning point
Health Affairs
Annual growth in real prescription drug spending averaged 9.9 percent during 1997–2007 but has slowed since 2003, falling to 1.6 percent in 2007. More patent expirations, increased generic penetration, and reduced new product innovations have contributed to this turning point. We document trends and identify underlying components: declines in the role of blockbuster drugs, increased importance of biologics and vaccines relative to traditional pharmaceuticals, and a changing medication mix away…
Annual growth in real prescription drug spending averaged 9.9 percent during 1997–2007 but has slowed since 2003, falling to 1.6 percent in 2007. More patent expirations, increased generic penetration, and reduced new product innovations have contributed to this turning point. We document trends and identify underlying components: declines in the role of blockbuster drugs, increased importance of biologics and vaccines relative to traditional pharmaceuticals, and a changing medication mix away from those prescribed principally by primary care physicians toward those mostly prescribed by specialists. We conclude with policy implications.
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More activity by Murray
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Honored to participate in this Tufts Center for the Study of Drug Development symposium and to reflect on Ken Kaitin and the Center's contributions…
Honored to participate in this Tufts Center for the Study of Drug Development symposium and to reflect on Ken Kaitin and the Center's contributions…
Shared by Murray Aitken
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I deeply enjoyed this afternoon's Symposium "New Medicines Development at a Crossroads" hosted by the Tufts Center for the Study of Drug Development…
I deeply enjoyed this afternoon's Symposium "New Medicines Development at a Crossroads" hosted by the Tufts Center for the Study of Drug Development…
Liked by Murray Aitken
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Pleased to share the latest report from the IQVIA Institute and the fourth of our annual trend reports: Global Oncology Trends 2024. The release is…
Pleased to share the latest report from the IQVIA Institute and the fourth of our annual trend reports: Global Oncology Trends 2024. The release is…
Shared by Murray Aitken
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Pleased to share this year's report on The Use of Medicines in the U.S., with plenty of insights around a variety of trends. Download to learn more.
Pleased to share this year's report on The Use of Medicines in the U.S., with plenty of insights around a variety of trends. Download to learn more.
Shared by Murray Aitken
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Pleased to share this latest report out today from the IQVIA Institute.
Pleased to share this latest report out today from the IQVIA Institute.
Shared by Murray Aitken
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📢New report: U.S.- India Medicine Partnership: India’s Contribution to U.S. Healthcare System Download the latest report from the IQVIA Institute…
📢New report: U.S.- India Medicine Partnership: India’s Contribution to U.S. Healthcare System Download the latest report from the IQVIA Institute…
Liked by Murray Aitken
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Some reflections from spending a few days at #SXSW2024 in Austin, TX, as a first-time attendee. 1️⃣ Always interesting to be on a panel when the…
Some reflections from spending a few days at #SXSW2024 in Austin, TX, as a first-time attendee. 1️⃣ Always interesting to be on a panel when the…
Shared by Murray Aitken
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Proud of the IQVIA Institute's work on this new report released today, which focuses on the importance of cell and gene therapies. Download and share.
Proud of the IQVIA Institute's work on this new report released today, which focuses on the importance of cell and gene therapies. Download and share.
Shared by Murray Aitken
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