John Giantsidis

Artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) are disrupting and improving our world. With intelligent machines capable of high-level cognitive processes like thinking, perceiving, learning, problem-solving, and decision-making, coupled with advances in data collection and aggregation, analytics, and computer processing power, AI and ML present opportunities to complement and supplement human intelligence. The application of AI and ML in medical devices is making possible AI/ML-driven… Show more

Artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) are disrupting and improving our world. With intelligent machines capable of high-level cognitive processes like thinking, perceiving, learning, problem-solving, and decision-making, coupled with advances in data collection and aggregation, analytics, and computer processing power, AI and ML present opportunities to complement and supplement human intelligence. The application of AI and ML in medical devices is making possible AI/ML-driven diagnostics and personalized treatments.
By digesting the different jurisdictional AI/ML regulatory frameworks that have been released (draft or enforceable), along with our own experience with the different agencies, we have identified the common denominators that, if properly implemented and operationalized, would enable medical device companies to mount a compelling approach to global commercialization of AI/ML medical devices.

We have distilled the four common enablers that would accelerate regulatory review, approval, and subsequent commercialization:

Software Risk Management
Algorithm Design
Quality of Data
Security Show less

Using Blackboard for program/project management, to help ensure quality of the deliverables, allow for collaboration among team members and transparency with progress.

Peptide Revolution: Genomics, Proteomics & Therapeutics
This methodology represents a significant improvement over corresponding synthesis methods since one can use either water or salt solutions rather than an acidic phosphate buffer to remove all by-products that are formed after deprotection. Consequently, by employing this methodology one can achieve a cleaner phase separation and higher yields of the desired peptide

The synthesis, x-ray crystal structures and magnetic susceptibilities for two tetrahalocuprate salts are reported. Bis(2-amino-5-nitropyridinium) tetrabromocuprate monohydrate [(5-NAP) 2 CuBr 4 ·H 2 O], 1 is triclinic, P-1. The tetrabromocuprate ions pack to form quasi-Heisenberg, S= quantum antiferromagnetic ladders with two identical Br…Br contacts of 4.07 forming the rungs and a single Br…Br contact of 3.93 forming the rails. Bis(2-amino-5-nitropyridinium) tetrachlorocuprate [(5-NAP) 2… Show more

The synthesis, x-ray crystal structures and magnetic susceptibilities for two tetrahalocuprate salts are reported. Bis(2-amino-5-nitropyridinium) tetrabromocuprate monohydrate [(5-NAP) 2 CuBr 4 ·H 2 O], 1 is triclinic, P-1. The tetrabromocuprate ions pack to form quasi-Heisenberg, S= quantum antiferromagnetic ladders with two identical Br…Br contacts of 4.07 forming the rungs and a single Br…Br contact of 3.93 forming the rails. Bis(2-amino-5-nitropyridinium) tetrachlorocuprate [(5-NAP) 2 CuCL 4 ], 2 , is monoclinic, P2 1 /n. The tetrachlorocuprate ions are square planer and pack in layers to form a rectangular lattice with Cl…Cl contacts of 4.09 and 4.31 . Preliminary magnetic data on 1 yields exchange constants of J rung =25.4 K and J rail =13.3 K. Show less

The reaction of CuCl2 with 2-amino-5-cyanopyridine and HCl in 1-propanol gave bis(2-amino-5-cyanopyridinium) diaquadichlorocopper(II) dichloride (1). Crystal data for 1 are: monoclinic, space group: P21/c, a=8.461(3) Å, b=14.665(5) Å, c=7.883(3) Å, =96.105(4)°, V=972.6(6) Å3, Z=2, Dcalc=1.645 Mg/m3, =1.691 mm-1, F(OOO)=486, MoK(=0.71073 Å), R1=0.0431 for [I2(I)] and R1=0.0680 for all 1944 unique reflections and 130 parameters. The structure exists as square planar Cu(H2O)2Cl2 units with long… Show more

The reaction of CuCl2 with 2-amino-5-cyanopyridine and HCl in 1-propanol gave bis(2-amino-5-cyanopyridinium) diaquadichlorocopper(II) dichloride (1). Crystal data for 1 are: monoclinic, space group: P21/c, a=8.461(3) Å, b=14.665(5) Å, c=7.883(3) Å, =96.105(4)°, V=972.6(6) Å3, Z=2, Dcalc=1.645 Mg/m3, =1.691 mm-1, F(OOO)=486, MoK(=0.71073 Å), R1=0.0431 for [I2(I)] and R1=0.0680 for all 1944 unique reflections and 130 parameters. The structure exists as square planar Cu(H2O)2Cl2 units with long semi-coordinate bonds to the cyano nitrogens of the 2-amino-5-cyanopyridinium ions. Show less

The reaction of anhydrous CuCl2 with HCl and 2-amino-5-iodopyridine in 1-propanol resulted in two polymorphs of (5-IAP)2[CuCl4] [5-IAP = 2-amino-5-iodopyridinium], one as red rods (1) and one as orange prisms (2). The two polymorphs have been characterized by single crystal x-ray diffraction and variable temperature magnetic susceptibility. The crystal packing for both polymorphs suggests that their magnetic behavior should be that of weakly interacting alternating linear chains.

A new two-dimensional (2D) S=1/2 Heisenberg antiferromagnet, (5BAP)2CuBr4 where 5BAP=2-amino-5-bromopyridinium, has been prepared and characterized by X-ray diffraction and magnetic susceptibility. This work includes a detailed discussion of magnetism as a function of structure and outlines the magneto-structural correlations for this class of 2D Heisenberg antiferromagnets.

The synthesis, structure and powder magnetic susceptibility of two new copper complexes: [(2-amino-5-iodopyridinium)CuCl3 and (2-amino-5-iodopyridinium)2CuBr4·2H2O] are reported. Both the crystal structures and the powder magnetic susceptibility support the magnetic structure of the complexes as S=1/2 ladders.

We have synthesized and characterized a spin-1/2 Heisenberg antiferromagnetic ladder: bis 5-iodo-2-aminopyridinium tetrabromocuprate (II) dihydrate. X-ray diffraction studies show the structure of the compound to consist of well isolated stacked ladders and the interaction between the Cu2+ atoms to be due to direct Br⋅⋅⋅Br contacts. Magnetic susceptibility and magnetization studies show the compound to be in the strong-coupling limit, with the interaction along the rungs (J′≈13K) much greater… Show more

We have synthesized and characterized a spin-1/2 Heisenberg antiferromagnetic ladder: bis 5-iodo-2-aminopyridinium tetrabromocuprate (II) dihydrate. X-ray diffraction studies show the structure of the compound to consist of well isolated stacked ladders and the interaction between the Cu2+ atoms to be due to direct Br⋅⋅⋅Br contacts. Magnetic susceptibility and magnetization studies show the compound to be in the strong-coupling limit, with the interaction along the rungs (J′≈13K) much greater than the interaction along the rails (J≈1K). Magnetic critical fields are observed near 8.3 and 10.4 T, respectively, establishing the existence of the energy gap. Show less

The title compound, 2-amino-5-carboxypyridinium chloride, C6H7N2O2+·Cl-, was isolated from a 1 M HCl aqueous solution containing 2-amino-5-cyanopyridine. The structure is held together by extensive hydrogen bonding between the chloride ions and the carboxylic acid, amino and pyridinium H atoms. The molecules pack as sheets, with the sheets at a distance of 3.21 (3) Å from one another.