Carl Turner

When racial interaction occurs in situations in which race is relevant and fairness is ambiguous, the Black narrative is more likely to place racism at the center of an explanatory framework, while the White narrative is more likely to place individual merit and character at the center. The inertia to overcome these default tendencies often requires Blacks to see a race-relevant situation as race-neutral in order to perceive "fairness," and Whites to see it as race-dependent in order to see… Show more

When racial interaction occurs in situations in which race is relevant and fairness is ambiguous, the Black narrative is more likely to place racism at the center of an explanatory framework, while the White narrative is more likely to place individual merit and character at the center. The inertia to overcome these default tendencies often requires Blacks to see a race-relevant situation as race-neutral in order to perceive "fairness," and Whites to see it as race-dependent in order to see "unfairness." Our research explores this basic paradigm from both Black and White perspectives, seeking to understand what factors might influence Whites to see things as less fair, and Blacks to see things as more fair; for Blacks to see events as less about race, and Whites to see them as more about race. This chapter considers how the history of race relations and the contemporary experiences of Blacks and Whites shape their different realities and the salience of racism and fairness. Show less

The negative reciprocity norm (NRN) is the personal moral code specifying retaliation as a proper response to wrongdoing (Eisenberger, Lynch, Aselage, & Rohdieck, 2004). We examined the role of negative reciprocity in interpreting and reacting to the prison abuses at Abu Ghraib. Results showed that people who believed that American soldiers behaved wrongly at Abu Ghraib were more likely to view punishing the soldiers responsible as a highly moral response and were less likely to contribute… Show more

The negative reciprocity norm (NRN) is the personal moral code specifying retaliation as a proper response to wrongdoing (Eisenberger, Lynch, Aselage, & Rohdieck, 2004). We examined the role of negative reciprocity in interpreting and reacting to the prison abuses at Abu Ghraib. Results showed that people who believed that American soldiers behaved wrongly at Abu Ghraib were more likely to view punishing the soldiers responsible as a highly moral response and were less likely to contribute money to a charitable organization that helps American soldiers. These relationships were only present among those highly endorsing the negative reciprocity norm. Show less