history of Somalia

Table of Contents

Introduction
Exploration
- Early activity on the coasts
- Penetration of the interior
Before partition
- Peoples of the coasts and hinterland
- The great Somali migrations
- Somali clans and foreign traders
The imperial partition
- Competition between the European powers and Ethiopia
- Revolt in British Somaliland
- Italian Somaliland
The Somali Republic
- Independence and union
- Pan-Somalism
- The era of “Scientific Socialism” in Somalia
- Somalia’s civil war
- Attempts at peace
- A new government

References & Edit History Related Topics

Images

peoples and language areas of the Horn of Africa

Aḥmad ibn Ibrāhīm al-Ghāzī

Major states, peoples, and trade routes of eastern Africa, c. 1850

Imperial partitions of eastern Africa, 1881−1925

Somalia, c. 1902

Mogadishu, Somalia

Somalia, Somaliland, and Puntland

pirates off the coast of Somalia

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history of Somalia: References & Edit History

More Articles On This Topic

Assorted References

major treatment
- In Somalia: History
Ethiopian boundary disputes
- In Ethiopia: Internal conflicts and the fall of the monarchy
- In 20th-century international relations: American uncertainty
Ethiopian invasion and withdrawal, 2006–2009
- In Ethiopia: Dissent, protests, and increasing oppression
Italian possession
- In Italian East Africa
Kenyan boundary disputes
- In African Union: Creation and achievements of the OAU
Ogaden invasion
- In Ogaden
- In 20th-century international relations: Regional crises
polio
- In polio: A global campaign
Somalia intervention
- In Somalia intervention
Somaliland
- In Somaliland
United States’ aid
- In George H.W. Bush: Presidency of George H.W. Bush
- In 20th-century international relations: Three tests

SIDEBAR

Somalia at the Turn of the 21st Century
- In Somalia at the Turn of the 21st Century

Article Contributors

Primary Contributors

Other Encyclopedia Britannica Contributors

Amy McKenna

Article History

Type	Description	Contributor	Date
	Updated with the changeover from the African Union Mission in Somalia (AMISOM) to the African Union Transition Mission in Somalia (ATMIS).	Amy McKenna	Sep 12, 2024
	New article added.	Amy McKenna	Oct 27, 2023