skeleton: References & Edit History

Additional Reading

R.B. Clark, Dynamics in Metazoan Evolution (1964), deals with some aspects of the coelomate condition, hydrostatic skeletons, metamerism, and their evolution. J. Gray, Animal Locomotion (1968), a comprehensive, comparative account of the coordination and mechanisms of vertebrate locomotion, with some chapters on invertebrates (the approach is for the nonspecialist, but the treatment is mathematical and neurological); A.S. Romer, The Vertebrate Body, 4th ed. (1970), an excellent account of the evolution of the skeleton in vertebrates; and J.Z. Young, The Life of Vertebrates, 2nd ed. (1962).

Article Contributors

Primary Contributors

Other Encyclopedia Britannica Contributors

Article History

Type Description Contributor Date
Add new Web site: BMC - Zoological Letters - Evolution of the vertebrate skeleton: morphology, embryology, and development. Sep 05, 2024
Add new Web site: National Center for Biotechnology Information - Anatomy, Appendicular Skeleton. Jun 13, 2024
Add new Web site: Biology LibreTexts - Types of Skeletal Systems. Dec 23, 2023
Add new Web site: Stanford University - A History of the Skeleton. Oct 24, 2023
Add new Web site: BCcampus Open Publishing - Biomechanics of Human Movement - The Skeleton. May 29, 2023
Corrected display issue. Jul 30, 2022
Add new Web site: Idaho Public Television - Skeleton. Feb 27, 2017
Add new Web site: Idaho Public Television - Skeleton. Jan 31, 2017
Add new Web site: Easy Science for Kids - Bones and Skeleton – Your Bodies Frame. Jan 20, 2017
Add new Web site: Science Kids - Fun Science and technology For Kids! - Skeleton and Bones Facts. Jan 20, 2017
Add new Web site: How Stuff Works - Entertainment - Skeleton. Feb 06, 2011
Added diagram of various vertebrate skeletons. Jan 27, 2011
Added new Web site: How Stuff Works - Healthguide - Skeleton X-ray. Sep 23, 2008
Added new Web site: Enchanted Learning - Human Skeleton. Mar 14, 2008
Cross-references and video added. Oct 16, 2007
Added new Web site: Innerbody - Human Anatomy Online. Sep 01, 2006
Added new Web site: Innerbody - Human Anatomy Online. Sep 01, 2006
Added new Web site: The Articulation Page. Jun 23, 2006
Added new Web site: The Articulation Page. Jun 23, 2006
Article revised. Mar 02, 2001
Article added to new online database. Jul 24, 1998
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