research-article

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code2vec: learning distributed representations of code

Authors:

Meital Zilberstein,

Eran YahavAuthors Info & Claims

Proceedings of the ACM on Programming Languages, Volume 3, Issue POPL

Article No.: 40, Pages 1 - 29

https://doi.org/10.1145/3290353

Published: 02 January 2019 Publication History

Abstract

We present a neural model for representing snippets of code as continuous distributed vectors (``code embeddings''). The main idea is to represent a code snippet as a single fixed-length code vector, which can be used to predict semantic properties of the snippet. To this end, code is first decomposed to a collection of paths in its abstract syntax tree. Then, the network learns the atomic representation of each path while simultaneously learning how to aggregate a set of them.

We demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach by using it to predict a method's name from the vector representation of its body. We evaluate our approach by training a model on a dataset of 12M methods. We show that code vectors trained on this dataset can predict method names from files that were unobserved during training. Furthermore, we show that our model learns useful method name vectors that capture semantic similarities, combinations, and analogies.

A comparison of our approach to previous techniques over the same dataset shows an improvement of more than 75%, making it the first to successfully predict method names based on a large, cross-project corpus. Our trained model, visualizations and vector similarities are available as an interactive online demo at http://code2vec.org. The code, data and trained models are available at https://github.com/tech-srl/code2vec.

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Cited By

Sun XLiu QZhang KShen SZhuang YGuo Y(2025)LGS-KT: Integrating logical and grammatical skills for effective programming knowledge tracingNeural Networks10.1016/j.neunet.2025.107164185(107164)Online publication date: May-2025
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Yu GAn JLyu JHuang WFan WCheng YSui A(2025)CrossCode2Vec: A unified representation across source and binary functions for code similarity detectionNeurocomputing10.1016/j.neucom.2024.129238620(129238)Online publication date: Mar-2025
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Index Terms

code2vec: learning distributed representations of code
1. Computing methodologies
  1. Machine learning
    1. Machine learning approaches
      1. Learning latent representations
2. Software and its engineering
  1. Software notations and tools
    1. General programming languages

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cover image Proceedings of the ACM on Programming Languages

Proceedings of the ACM on Programming Languages Volume 3, Issue POPL

January 2019

2275 pages

EISSN:2475-1421

DOI:10.1145/3302515

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Published: 02 January 2019

Published in PACMPL Volume 3, Issue POPL

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Yu GAn JLyu JHuang WFan WCheng YSui A(2025)CrossCode2Vec: A unified representation across source and binary functions for code similarity detectionNeurocomputing10.1016/j.neucom.2024.129238620(129238)Online publication date: Mar-2025
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