skip to main content
10.1145/3051488.3051508acmotherconferencesArticle/Chapter ViewAbstractPublication PagesrehabConference Proceedingsconference-collections
research-article

The effect of the number of pages on reading depth: preliminary contributions for a better informed consent in neurorehabilitation

Published: 13 October 2016 Publication History

Abstract

A good understanding of informed consent (IC) is a critical step to ensure that the participant's decision to participate in research is an informed and autonomous one. However, the IC is often a very complicated document, and sometimes difficult to be understood by lay people. The number of pages of the informed consent may be a factor that hinders in-depth reading and subsequently the understanding of IC. As the reading process requires visual attention, eye movements can reveal how deep the contents in the IC are read. The goal of this innovative study was to understand how the IC's number of pages IC influences reading. Sixty participants were randomly assigned in three experimental conditions (1 page Vs 2 pages Vs 3 pages) and eye movements were continuously recorded. Preliminary results have shown a distinct reading behavior between the different types of IC.

References

[1]
Ilfeld, B.M. Informed Consent for Medical Research: An Ethical Imperative, Regional Anesthesia and Pain Medicine,31, 4 (July--Aug. 2006), 353--357.
[2]
Sim, J. and Dawson, A. Informed consent and cluster-randomized trials, Health Policy and Ethics: American Journal of Public Health, 102, 3 (Mar. 1012), 480--485.
[3]
Tam, N., Huy, N., Thoa, L., Long, N., Trang, N., Hirayama, K., and Karbwang. J. Participants' understanding of informed consent in clinical trials over three decades: systematic review and meta-analysis. Bull World Health Organ, 93 (Jan. 2015), 186--198.
[4]
Grady C. Enduring and emerging challenges of informed consent, The New England Journal of Medicine, 372, 9 (Feb. 2015), 855--862.
[5]
Caplan, A.L. Informed consent and provider-patient relationships in rehabilitation medicine. Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitation 69, 5 (1988), 312--317.
[6]
Verástegui, E.L. Consenting of the vulnerable: the informed consent procedure in advanced cancer patients in Mexico, BMC Medical Ethics, 7, 13 (Dec. 2006), 1--12.
[7]
M. Griffiths. Consumer acquiescence to informed consent: the influence of vulnerability, motive, trust and suspicion, Journal of Customer Behaviour, 13(3): 207--235, 2014.
[8]
Vossoughi, S.R., Macauley, R., Sazama, K., and Fung, M.K. Attitudes, Practices, and Training on Informed Consent for Transfusions and Procedures: A Survey of Medical Students and Physicians. American journal of clinical pathology 144,2 (2015), 315--321.
[9]
Johnson, M., Bellovin, S., and Keromytis, A. 2012. Computer security research with human subjects: risks, benefits and informed consent. In Cryptography and Data Security, G. Danezis, S., Dietrich, and K. Sako Eds. Springer, 131--137.
[10]
White, L.J., Jones, J.S., Felton, C.W., and Pool, L.C. Informed consent for medical research: common discrepancies and readability. Academic emergency medicine: official journal of the Society for Academic Emergency Medicine 3, 8 (Aug. 1996), 745--750.
[11]
Knepp. M. Personality, sex of participant, and face-to-face interaction affect reading of informed consent forms, Psychological Reports: Sociocultural Issues in Psychology,114, 1 (Feb. 2014), 297--313.
[12]
K. Rayner, T. J. Slattery, D. Drieghe, and S. P. Liversedge. Eye movements and word skipping during reading: Effects of word length and predictability. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 37: 514--528, April 2011.
[13]
Ferreira, P., Rita, P., Morais, D., Rosa, P.J., Gamito, P., Santos, N., Soares, F., and Sottomayor, C. Grabbing attention while reading website pages: the influence of verbal emotional cues in advertising. Journal of Eye Tracking, Visual Cognition and Emotion, 1, (Dec. 2011), 64--68.
[14]
Rosa, P.J., Esteves, F., and Arriaga, P. Effects of fearrelevant stimuli on attention: Integrating gaze data with subliminal exposure. Medical Measurements and Applications (MeMeA), 2014 IEEE International Symposium on, 2014, 1--6.
[15]
Rosa, P.J., Gamito, P., Oliveira, J., Morais, D., Pavlovic, M. and Smyth. O. 2015. Show me your eyes! The combined use of eye tracking and virtual reality applications for cognitive assessment. In Proceedings of the 2015 Workshop on ICTs for improving Patients Rehabilitation Research Techniques(Lisbon, Portugal). ACM, New York, NY, 135--138.
[16]
Rosa, P.J., Esteves, F., and Arriaga, P. Beyond Traditional Clinical Measurements for Screening Fears and Phobias. Instrumentation and Measurement, IEEE Transactions on, 64, (Sep. 2015), 3396--3404
[17]
Gamito, P., Oliveira, J., Baptista, A., et al. Eliciting nicotine craving with virtual smoking cues. Cyberpsychology, behavior and social networking 17, 8 (Aug. 2014), 556--61.
[18]
Holmqvist, Nyström, MAndersson, R. Dewhurst, R. Jarodzka, H. and van de Weijer, H. Eye tracking: a comprehensive guide to methods and measures. Oxford University Press, Oxford; New York, 2011.
[19]
Pichot, P.and Brun. J. Brief self-evaluation questionnaire for depressive, asthenic and anxious dimensions, Annales Médico-psychologiques, 142, 6 (June 1984), 862--865.
[20]
Coughlin.C E-consent: can informed consent be just a click away? Wake forest law review, 38 (June 2015), 381--397.
[21]
Davis, T.C., Holcombe, R.F., Berkel, H.J., Pramanik, S., and Divers, S.G. Informed consent for clinical trials: a comparative study of standard versus simplified forms. Journal of the National Cancer Institute 90, 9 (May 1998), 668--674.
[22]
P. Shenoy. Electronic informed consenting: a boon to modernize consenting process, Perspectives in Clinical Research, 6: 173--174, 2015.
[23]
Rosa, P.J., Caires, C., Costa, L., Rodelo, L. and Pinto. L. 2014. Affective and Psychophysiological Responses To Erotic Stimuli: Does Color Matter? In I see me, you see me: inferring cognitive and emotional processes from gazing behavior, P. Gamito, and P. J. Rosa Eds. Cambridge Scholars Publishing, 171--190.

Cited By

View all
  • (2023)Investigating Responsible Nudge Design for Informed Decision-Making Enabling Transparent and Reflective Decision-MakingProceedings of Mensch und Computer 202310.1145/3603555.3603567(220-236)Online publication date: 3-Sep-2023
  • (2019)Does Length Really Matter? Effects of Number of Pages in the Informed Consent on Reading Behavior: An Eye-Tracking StudyQuantum Information Meets Quantum Matter10.1007/978-3-030-16785-1_9(116-125)Online publication date: 29-Mar-2019

Index Terms

  1. The effect of the number of pages on reading depth: preliminary contributions for a better informed consent in neurorehabilitation

    Recommendations

    Comments

    Information & Contributors

    Information

    Published In

    cover image ACM Other conferences
    REHAB '16: Proceedings of the 4th Workshop on ICTs for improving Patients Rehabilitation Research Techniques
    October 2016
    135 pages
    ISBN:9781450347655
    DOI:10.1145/3051488
    Permission to make digital or hard copies of all or part of this work for personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are not made or distributed for profit or commercial advantage and that copies bear this notice and the full citation on the first page. Copyrights for components of this work owned by others than ACM must be honored. Abstracting with credit is permitted. To copy otherwise, or republish, to post on servers or to redistribute to lists, requires prior specific permission and/or a fee. Request permissions from [email protected]

    Publisher

    Association for Computing Machinery

    New York, NY, United States

    Publication History

    Published: 13 October 2016

    Permissions

    Request permissions for this article.

    Check for updates

    Author Tags

    1. eye movement
    2. informed consent
    3. number of pages
    4. reading depth

    Qualifiers

    • Research-article

    Conference

    REHAB 2016

    Contributors

    Other Metrics

    Bibliometrics & Citations

    Bibliometrics

    Article Metrics

    • Downloads (Last 12 months)5
    • Downloads (Last 6 weeks)1
    Reflects downloads up to 01 Jan 2025

    Other Metrics

    Citations

    Cited By

    View all
    • (2023)Investigating Responsible Nudge Design for Informed Decision-Making Enabling Transparent and Reflective Decision-MakingProceedings of Mensch und Computer 202310.1145/3603555.3603567(220-236)Online publication date: 3-Sep-2023
    • (2019)Does Length Really Matter? Effects of Number of Pages in the Informed Consent on Reading Behavior: An Eye-Tracking StudyQuantum Information Meets Quantum Matter10.1007/978-3-030-16785-1_9(116-125)Online publication date: 29-Mar-2019

    View Options

    Login options

    View options

    PDF

    View or Download as a PDF file.

    PDF

    eReader

    View online with eReader.

    eReader

    Media

    Figures

    Other

    Tables

    Share

    Share

    Share this Publication link

    Share on social media