Multilayer Formats and the Semantic Web: a Music Case Study
Article No.: 2, Pages 1 - 8
Abstract
The advent of the so-called Semantic Web led to the transformation of the World Wide Web into an environment where documents are associated with data and metadata. The latter kind of information specifies the semantic context of datain a format suitable to be queried and interpreted in an automatic way. Extensible Markup Language (XML) is extensively used in the Semantic Web, since this format supports not only human- but also machine-readable tags. On the one side the Semantic Web aims to create a set of automatically-detectable relationships among data, thus providing users with a number of non-trivial paths to navigate information in a geographically distributed framework. On the other side, multilayer formats typically operate in a similar way, but at a "local" level. In this case, information is contained, hierarchically structured and interconnected within a single document. Also in this context XML is extensively adopted. The goal of the present work is to discuss the possibilities emerging from a combined approach, namely by adopting multilayer formats in the Semantic Web, addressing in particular augmented-reality applications. From this point of view, an XML-based international standard known as IEEE 1599 will be employed to show a number of innovative applications in music.
References
[1]
S. Auer, C. Bizer, G. Kobilarov, J. Lehmann, R. Cyganiak, and Z. Ives. DBpedia: A Nucleus for a Web of Open Data. Springer, 2007.
[2]
D. Baggi and G. Haus. IEEE 1599: Music encoding and interaction. Computer, 3(42):84--87, 2009.
[3]
D. L. Baggi and G. M. Haus. Music Navigation with Symbols and Layers: Toward Content Browsing with IEEE 1599 XML Encoding. John Wiley & Sons, 2013.
[4]
T. Berners-Lee, J. Hendler, O. Lassila, et al. The semantic web. Scientific American, 284(5):28--37, 2001.
[5]
C. Bizer, T. Heath, and T. Berners-Lee. Linked data-the story so far. Semantic Services, Interoperability and Web Applications: Emerging Concepts, pages 205--227, 2009.
[6]
R. J. Brachman. What's in a concept: structural foundations for semantic networks. International journal of man-machine studies, 9(2):127--152, 1977.
[7]
G. Castan, M. Good, and P. Roland. Extensible Markup Language (XML) for music applications: An introduction. In Computing in Musicology, volume 12, pages 95--102. MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, 2001.
[8]
S.-F. Chang, T. Sikora, and A. Purl. Overview of the MPEG-7 standard. Circuits and Systems for Video Technology, IEEE Transactions on, 11(6):688--695, 2001.
[9]
A. M. Collins and E. F. Loftus. A spreading-activation theory of semantic processing. Psychological review, 82(6):407, 1975.
[10]
A. M. Collins and M. R. Quillian. Retrieval time from semantic memory. Journal of verbal learning and verbal behavior, 8(2):240--247, 1969.
[11]
A. Hankinson, P. Roland, and I. Fujinaga. The music encoding initiative as a document-encoding framework. In ISMIR, pages 293--298, 2011.
[12]
G. Haus and M. Longari. A multi-layered, timebased music description approach based on XML. Computer Music Journal, 29(1):70--85, 2005.
[13]
G. Kobilarov, T. Scott, Y. Raimond, S. Oliver, C. Sizemore, M. Smethurst, C. Bizer, and R. Lee. Media meets Semantic Web -- how the BBC uses DBpedia and linked data to make connections. In The semantic web: research and applications, pages 723--737. Springer, 2009.
[14]
R. Koenen, F. Pereira, and L. Chiariglione. MPEG-4: Context and objectives. Signal Processing: Image Communication, 9(4):295--304, 1997.
[15]
Y. Raimond, C. Sutton, and M. Sandler. Automatic interlinking of music datasets on the semantic web. In Proceedings of the Linked Data on the Web Workshop, Beijing, China, April 22, 2008, pages 28--37. CEUR Workshop Proceedings, 2008.
[16]
P. Roland. The Music Encoding Initiative (MEI). In Proceedings of the First International Conference on Musical Applications Using XML, pages 55--59. IEEE, 2002.
[17]
J. Steyn. Framework for a music markup language. In Proceeding of the First International IEEE Conference on Musical Application using XML (MAX2002), pages 22--29, 2002.
[18]
A. Swartz. MusicBrainz: a semantic Web service. Intelligent Systems, IEEE, 17(1):76--77, Jan 2002.
Index Terms
- Multilayer Formats and the Semantic Web: a Music Case Study
Recommendations
Integrating Semantic Web technologies with XML Schema using role-mapping annotations
Purpose - XML Schema is used to define schema of XML documents that have become standards for data exchange in various Web-based information applications. The main problem of XML Schema is that it emphasizes syntax and format rather than semantics and ...
The Yin/Yang Web: A Unified Model for XML Syntax and RDF Semantics
XML is the W3C standard document format for writing and exchanging information on the Web. RDF is the W3C standard model for describing the semantics and reasoning about information on the Web. Unfortunately, RDF and XML—although very close to each ...
The Yin/Yang web: XML syntax and RDF semantics
WWW '02: Proceedings of the 11th international conference on World Wide WebXML is the W3C standard document format for writing and exchanging information on the Web. RDF is the W3C standard model for describing the semantics and reasoning about information on the Web. Unfortunately, RDF and XML---although very close to each ...
Comments
Information & Contributors
Information
Published In
October 2015
250 pages
ISBN:9781450338967
DOI:10.1145/2814895
- Conference Chair:
- George Kalliris,
- Program Chair:
- Charalampos Dimoulas
Copyright © 2015 ACM.
Permission to make digital or hard copies of all or part of this work for personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are not made or distributed for profit or commercial advantage and that copies bear this notice and the full citation on the first page. Copyrights for components of this work owned by others than ACM must be honored. Abstracting with credit is permitted. To copy otherwise, or republish, to post on servers or to redistribute to lists, requires prior specific permission and/or a fee. Request permissions from [email protected]
Publisher
Association for Computing Machinery
New York, NY, United States
Publication History
Published: 07 October 2015
Check for updates
Author Tags
Qualifiers
- Research-article
- Research
- Refereed limited
Conference
AM '15
Acceptance Rates
Overall Acceptance Rate 177 of 275 submissions, 64%
Contributors
Other Metrics
Bibliometrics & Citations
Bibliometrics
Article Metrics
- 0Total Citations
- 97Total Downloads
- Downloads (Last 12 months)5
- Downloads (Last 6 weeks)0
Reflects downloads up to 03 Jan 2025
Other Metrics
Citations
View Options
Login options
Check if you have access through your login credentials or your institution to get full access on this article.
Sign in