research-article

Rigorous rental memory management for embedded systems

Authors:

Seungryoul MaengAuthors Info & Claims

ACM Transactions on Embedded Computing Systems (TECS), Volume 12, Issue 1s

Article No.: 43, Pages 1 - 21

https://doi.org/10.1145/2435227.2435239

Published: 21 March 2013 Publication History

Abstract

Memory reservation in embedded systems is a prevalent approach to provide a physically contiguous memory region to its integrated devices, such as a camera device and a video decoder. Inefficiency of the memory reservation becomes a more significant problem in emerging embedded systems, such as smartphones and smart TVs. Many ways of using these systems increase the idle time of their integrated devices, and eventually decrease the utilization of their reserved memory.

In this article, we propose a scheme to minimize the memory inefficiency caused by the memory reservation. The memory space reserved for a device can be rented for other purposes when the device is not active. For this scheme to be viable, latencies associated with reallocating the memory space should be minimal. Volatile pages are good candidates for such page reallocation since they can be reclaimed immediately as they are needed by the original device. We also provide two optimization techniques, lazy-migration and adaptive-activation. The former increases the lowered utilization of the rental memory by our volatile page allocations, and the latter saves active pages in the rental memory during the reallocation.

We implemented our scheme on a smartphone development board with the Android Linux kernel. Our prototype has shown that the time for the return operation is less than 0.77 seconds in the tested cases. We believe that this time is acceptable to end-users in terms of transparency since the time can be hidden in application initialization time. The rental memory also brings throughput increases ranging from 2% to 200% based on the available memory and the applications' memory intensiveness.

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Cited By

Duong THur J(2023)Page-Size Aware Buddy Allocator With Unaligned Range Supports for TLB CoalescingIEEE Access10.1109/ACCESS.2023.330859111(91850-91860)Online publication date: 2023
https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2023.3308591
Song JChoi YJeong SHahm C(2020)An Efficient Stack Management by The Selective Revocation of Mapping from Virtual Memory to Physical memory2020 IEEE International Conference on Consumer Electronics - Asia (ICCE-Asia)10.1109/ICCE-Asia49877.2020.9277375(1-3)Online publication date: 1-Nov-2020
https://doi.org/10.1109/ICCE-Asia49877.2020.9277375
Park SKim MYeom H(2019)GCMAIEEE Transactions on Computers10.1109/TC.2018.286916968:3(390-401)Online publication date: 1-Mar-2019
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1109/TC.2018.2869169
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Index Terms

Rigorous rental memory management for embedded systems
1. Computer systems organization
  1. Embedded and cyber-physical systems
    1. Embedded systems
2. Software and its engineering
  1. Software organization and properties
    1. Contextual software domains
      1. Operating systems
        Memory management
        Main memory
    2. Software system structures
      1. Embedded software
      2. Real-time systems software

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Published In

cover image ACM Transactions on Embedded Computing Systems

ACM Transactions on Embedded Computing Systems Volume 12, Issue 1s

Special section on ESTIMedia'12, LCTES'11, rigorous embedded systems design, and multiprocessor system-on-chip for cyber-physical systems

March 2013

701 pages

ISSN:1539-9087

EISSN:1558-3465

DOI:10.1145/2435227

Issue’s Table of Contents

Copyright © 2013 ACM.

Permission to make digital or hard copies of all or part of this work for personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are not made or distributed for profit or commercial advantage and that copies bear this notice and the full citation on the first page. Copyrights for components of this work owned by others than ACM must be honored. Abstracting with credit is permitted. To copy otherwise, or republish, to post on servers or to redistribute to lists, requires prior specific permission and/or a fee. Request permissions from [email protected]

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Association for Computing Machinery

New York, NY, United States

Journal Family

ACM Journals for the Design of Smart and Connected Systems

Publication History

Published: 21 March 2013

Accepted: 01 March 2012

Revised: 01 January 2012

Received: 01 June 2011

Published in TECS Volume 12, Issue 1s

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Cited By

Duong THur J(2023)Page-Size Aware Buddy Allocator With Unaligned Range Supports for TLB CoalescingIEEE Access10.1109/ACCESS.2023.330859111(91850-91860)Online publication date: 2023
https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2023.3308591
Song JChoi YJeong SHahm C(2020)An Efficient Stack Management by The Selective Revocation of Mapping from Virtual Memory to Physical memory2020 IEEE International Conference on Consumer Electronics - Asia (ICCE-Asia)10.1109/ICCE-Asia49877.2020.9277375(1-3)Online publication date: 1-Nov-2020
https://doi.org/10.1109/ICCE-Asia49877.2020.9277375
Park SKim MYeom H(2019)GCMAIEEE Transactions on Computers10.1109/TC.2018.286916968:3(390-401)Online publication date: 1-Mar-2019
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1109/TC.2018.2869169
Gan CWang BWang ZLiu HYang DYin JQian SGuo S(2019)A Solution for High Availability Memory AccessAlgorithms and Architectures for Parallel Processing10.1007/978-3-030-38991-8_9(122-137)Online publication date: 9-Dec-2019
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1007/978-3-030-38991-8_9
Lim JHan H(2018)Effective Compaction for Kernel Memory Allocator Using Workload DistributionIEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics10.1109/TCE.2018.284327964:2(188-195)Online publication date: May-2018
https://doi.org/10.1109/TCE.2018.2843279
Wang YLi KLi K(2017)Partition Scheduling on Heterogeneous Multicore Processors for Multi-dimensional Loops ApplicationsInternational Journal of Parallel Programming10.1007/s10766-016-0445-245:4(827-852)Online publication date: 1-Aug-2017
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1007/s10766-016-0445-2
Park SKim MYeom H(2016)GCMAACM SIGBED Review10.1145/2907972.290797613:1(29-34)Online publication date: 25-Mar-2016
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/2907972.2907976
Kim SJeong JKim JMaeng S(2016)SmartLMKACM Transactions on Embedded Computing Systems10.1145/289475515:3(1-25)Online publication date: 11-May-2016
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/2894755
Jeong JKim HLee J(2016)Transparently Exploiting Device-Reserved Memory for Application Performance in Mobile SystemsIEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing10.1109/TMC.2015.250493415:11(2878-2891)Online publication date: 1-Nov-2016
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1109/TMC.2015.2504934
Kwon SKim SKim JJeong JGirault AGuan N(2015)Managing GPU buffers for caching more apps in mobile systemsProceedings of the 12th International Conference on Embedded Software10.5555/2830865.2830888(207-216)Online publication date: 4-Oct-2015
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