research-article

WIISARD: a measurement study of network properties and protocol reliability during an emergency response

Authors:

William G. Griswold,

Anders N. Plymoth,

Colleen BuonoAuthors Info & Claims

MobiSys '12: Proceedings of the 10th international conference on Mobile systems, applications, and services

Pages 407 - 420

https://doi.org/10.1145/2307636.2307674

Published: 25 June 2012 Publication History

Abstract

This paper describes the design, deployment, and empirical evaluation of WIISARD - a novel emergency response system that provides reliable communication in dynamic wireless environments without extensive communication infrastructure. The main contribution of this paper is an in-depth empirical study of network properties that emerge during a drill in which WIISARD is deployed with minimal infrastructure support. The drill involves 19 first responders and 41 victims. The properties of links established among first responders vary between phases of the drill and depend upon the responder's role in the drill. The rescue phase - in which responders are highly mobile as they triage victims - poses significant challenges to reliable communication. During this phase, the contacts between responders are short-lived; however, they are reestablished within minutes. Once a contact between responders is established, the quality of the link between those responders is usually high. The connectivity graph observed during the rescue phase is usually connected and has a small diameter although there are times when it has a large diameter or it is partitioned. While mobility increases network dynamics, we also observe that the mobility patterns characteristic of the emergency response workflow can be leveraged to disseminate data efficiently through data muling. WIISARD employs a gossip-based protocol and supports data dissemination through local communication and data muling to achieve 98% reliability during the drill exercise. These results indicate the feasibility of providing reliable communication in emergency response with minimal infrastructure in spite of network dynamics.

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Cited By

Chenji HStoleru R(2021)Delay-tolerant networks (DTNs) for emergency communicationsAdvances in Delay-Tolerant Networks (DTNs)10.1016/B978-0-08-102793-6.00006-0(103-134)Online publication date: 2021
https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-08-102793-6.00006-0
Ashraf UKhwaja AQadir JAvallone SYuen C(2021)WiMesh: leveraging mesh networking for disaster communication in resource-constrained settingsWireless Networks10.1007/s11276-021-02621-2Online publication date: 19-Apr-2021
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11276-021-02621-2
Rizzo GRistov SFahringer TGusev MDzanko MBilic IEsposito CBraun T(2020)Emergency Networks for Post-Disaster ScenariosGuide to Disaster-Resilient Communication Networks10.1007/978-3-030-44685-7_11(271-298)Online publication date: 23-Jul-2020
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-44685-7_11
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Index Terms

WIISARD: a measurement study of network properties and protocol reliability during an emergency response
1. Software and its engineering
  1. Software organization and properties
    1. Software system structures
      1. Distributed systems organizing principles
        Organizing principles for web applications

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Published In

cover image ACM Conferences

MobiSys '12: Proceedings of the 10th international conference on Mobile systems, applications, and services

June 2012

548 pages

ISBN:9781450313018

DOI:10.1145/2307636

General Chair:
Nigel Davies
Lancaster University, UK
,
Program Chairs:
Srinivasan Seshan
Carnegie Mellon University, USA
,
Lin Zhong
Rice University, USA

Copyright © 2012 ACM.

Permission to make digital or hard copies of all or part of this work for personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are not made or distributed for profit or commercial advantage and that copies bear this notice and the full citation on the first page. Copyrights for components of this work owned by others than ACM must be honored. Abstracting with credit is permitted. To copy otherwise, or republish, to post on servers or to redistribute to lists, requires prior specific permission and/or a fee. Request permissions from [email protected]

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SIGMOBILE: ACM Special Interest Group on Mobility of Systems, Users, Data and Computing

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SIGOPS: ACM Special Interest Group on Operating Systems

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Association for Computing Machinery

New York, NY, United States

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Published: 25 June 2012

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MobiSys'12

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SIGMOBILE

MobiSys'12: The 10th International Conference on Mobile Systems, Applications, and Services

June 25 - 29, 2012

Lake District, Low Wood Bay, UK

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Overall Acceptance Rate 274 of 1,679 submissions, 16%

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Cited By

Chenji HStoleru R(2021)Delay-tolerant networks (DTNs) for emergency communicationsAdvances in Delay-Tolerant Networks (DTNs)10.1016/B978-0-08-102793-6.00006-0(103-134)Online publication date: 2021
https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-08-102793-6.00006-0
Ashraf UKhwaja AQadir JAvallone SYuen C(2021)WiMesh: leveraging mesh networking for disaster communication in resource-constrained settingsWireless Networks10.1007/s11276-021-02621-2Online publication date: 19-Apr-2021
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11276-021-02621-2
Rizzo GRistov SFahringer TGusev MDzanko MBilic IEsposito CBraun T(2020)Emergency Networks for Post-Disaster ScenariosGuide to Disaster-Resilient Communication Networks10.1007/978-3-030-44685-7_11(271-298)Online publication date: 23-Jul-2020
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-44685-7_11
Pullin APattinson CKor A(2018)Building Realistic Mobility Models for Mobile Ad Hoc NetworksInformatics10.3390/informatics50200225:2(22)Online publication date: 30-Apr-2018
https://doi.org/10.3390/informatics5020022
Agnihotri AFathi-Kazerooni SKaymak YRojas-Cessa R(2018)Evacuating Routes in Indoor-Fire Scenarios with Selection of Safe Exits on Known and Unknown Buildings Using Machine Learning2018 IEEE 39th Sarnoff Symposium10.1109/SARNOF.2018.8720478(1-6)Online publication date: Sep-2018
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Pervez FQadir JKhalil MYaqoob TAshraf UYounis S(2018)Wireless Technologies for Emergency Response: A Comprehensive Review and Some GuidelinesIEEE Access10.1109/ACCESS.2018.28788986(71814-71838)Online publication date: 2018
https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2018.2878898
Zamora JSuzuki NKashihara S(2017)SOS Message Distribution for Searching Disaster VictimsSmartphones from an Applied Research Perspective10.5772/intechopen.69690Online publication date: 2-Nov-2017
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Ray NTuruk A(2017)A framework for post-disaster communication using wireless ad hoc networksIntegration10.1016/j.vlsi.2016.11.01158(274-285)Online publication date: Jun-2017
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vlsi.2016.11.011
Liu JRojas-Cessa RDong Z(2016)Sensing, calculating, and disseminating evacuating routes during an indoor fire using a sensor and diffusion network2016 IEEE 13th International Conference on Networking, Sensing, and Control (ICNSC)10.1109/ICNSC.2016.7479014(1-6)Online publication date: Apr-2016
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