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The Wisdom Paradox: How Your Mind Can Grow Stronger As Your Brain Grows Older Paperback – February 16, 2006

4.5 4.5 out of 5 stars 91 ratings

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The Wisdom Paradox explores the aging of the mind from a unique, positive perspective. In an era of increasing fears about mental deterioration, world-renowned neuropsychologist Elkhonon Goldberg provides startling new evidence that though the brain diminishes in some tasks as it ages, it gains in many ways. Most notably, it increases in what he terms “wisdom”: the ability to draw upon knowledge and experience gained over a lifetime to make quick and effective decisions. Goldberg delves into the machinery of the mind, separating memory into two distinct types: singular (knowledge of a particular incident or fact) and generic (recognition of broader patterns). As the brain ages, the ability to use singular memory declines, but generic memory is unaffected—and its importance grows. As an individual accumulates generic memory, the brain can increasingly rely upon these stored patterns to solve problems effortlessly and instantaneously. Goldberg investigates the neurobiology of wisdom, and draws on historical examples of artists and leaders whose greatest achievements were realized late in life.

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Editorial Reviews

From the Back Cover

Praise for The Wisdom Paradox:
"Impressive. . . Wide-ranging. . . .
The Wisdom Paradox makes a compelling case for the possibility of maintaining a sharp mind far into old age."
KENNETH SILBER,
SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN MIND

"Good news: Our brains can and do improve with age. The evidence Goldberg presents is thorough and indisputable . . . Informative and entertaining."
Diane Stressing,
The Plain Dealer (Cleveland)

"[A] graceful exposition of the latest findings in developmental neuropsychology, brain mapping, and computational neuroscience. . . Goldberg overturns stale assumptions about the different functions of the two sides of the brain and about the roles of the frontal lobes. . . It is still cheering, in an era that worships youth, to be reminded that age can bring its own intellectual gifts."
Emma Crichton-Miller,
The Telegraph (London)

"
The Wisdom Paradox is unusually easy and enjoyable to read for a book loaded with information and ideas about the brain. . . [Goldberg] is a gifted explicator and a talented writer."
Cerebrum

"A book of wise reflections on the gains, not the losses, that come to the older human mind. Here is a valuable addition to the literature on aging."
ANTONIO R. DAMASIO, AUTHOR OF
DESCARTES ERROR, THE FEELING OF WHAT HAPPENS, AND LOOKING FOR SPINOZA

About the Author

Elkhonon Goldberg is the author of The Executive Brain and is a clinical professor of neurology at the New York University School of Medicine. He is in private practice in neuropsychology and is an active researcher in the field of cognitive neuroscience.

On the web: http://www.elkhonongoldberg.com/ 

Product details

  • Publisher ‏ : ‎ Penguin Publishing Group; First Edition (February 16, 2006)
  • Language ‏ : ‎ English
  • Paperback ‏ : ‎ 337 pages
  • ISBN-10 ‏ : ‎ 1592401872
  • ISBN-13 ‏ : ‎ 978-1592401871
  • Item Weight ‏ : ‎ 10.2 ounces
  • Dimensions ‏ : ‎ 5.31 x 0.8 x 8 inches
  • Customer Reviews:
    4.5 4.5 out of 5 stars 91 ratings

About the authors

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Customer reviews

4.5 out of 5 stars
91 global ratings

Customers say

Customers find the book great, superb, and strong. They say the anecdotes make it more engaging and fascinating. Readers also mention the book is easy to understand and accessible to a layperson.

AI-generated from the text of customer reviews

6 customers mention "Readability"6 positive0 negative

Customers find the book great, superb, and strong.

"...Nevertheless, I felt that overall this book was enjoyable and, for a book which went so in-depth into very specific neuroscience topics, very..." Read more

"Superb book--I know the author, a world famous man--order it, even if you are not a psychologist." Read more

"Excellent text book,Ill read it over again. The author brings out experiences of the aging process that the reader can..." Read more

"Great book that helps you understand the inner workings of the aging mind." Read more

3 customers mention "Content"3 positive0 negative

Customers find the anecdotes and asides in the book engaging. They say it allows individuals to respond to novel experiences using knowledge from the book. Readers also mention the book provides interesting information relating emotional responses to brain regions.

"...Goldberg's writing style; on the contrary, I found his anecdotes made the book more engaging and his asides helped clarify many of his points by..." Read more

"Fascinating book. It has a lot of information that can be used, not only to understand how the brain works and ages, but also to protect oneself..." Read more

"Intriguing and encouraging read..." Read more

3 customers mention "Ease of reading"3 positive0 negative

Customers find the book very easy to understand and straightforward. They also say it's accessible to a layperson interested in learning.

"...it could be entered into an actual neuroscience textbook, accessible to a layperson who was interested in learning about the advantages of aging..." Read more

"...Deep, but explained in a way that makes it very easy to understand." Read more

"...book just give a great understanding of the brain written in words easily understood." Read more

Top reviews from the United States

Reviewed in the United States on April 23, 2024
Great!
Reviewed in the United States on April 30, 2005
If you like the thinker's prose, the so-called "romantic science",a style attributed to the Russian neuroscientist A. R. Luria,which consists in publishing original research in literary form, you would love this book. Clearly intellectual scientists are vanishing under the weight of the commoditization of the discipline. But once in a while someone emerges to reverse such setbacks.

Goldberg, who was the great Luria's student and collaborator, is even more colorful and fun to read than the master. He is egocentric, abrasive, opinionated, and colorful. He is also disdainful of the conventional beliefs in neurosciences --for instance he is suspicious of the assignment of specific functions, such as language, to anatomical regions. He is also skeptical of the journalistic "triune" brain. His theory is that the hemispheric specialization is principally along pattern matching and information processing lines:the left side stores patterns, while the right one processes novel tasks. It is convincing to see that children suffer more from a right brain injury, while adults have the opposite effect.

There is a little bit of open plugging of Goldberg's for-profit institute;he would have gotten better results by being subtle. A fre minor points. I did not understand why Goldberg discusses "modularity", of which he is critical, as if it were the same thing in both neurobiology and in cognitive science. In neurobiology, modularity implies regional localization, while cognitive scientists (Marr, Fodor, etc.) make no such assumption: for them it is entirely functional and they would be in great agreement with Goldberg. Also I did not understand why he attributes the language instinct to Pinker, not Chomsky, and why he makes snide remarks about behavioral scientists like Kahneman and Tversky. But these are very minor details that do not weaken the message (I still gave the book 5 stars). I am now spoiled; I need more essays by opinionated, original,and intellectual, contemporary scientists.
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Reviewed in the United States on May 27, 2014
As an aging baby boomer and semi-retired healthcare professional, I appreciated the explanation of how memory is formed, and why I remember some things but not others. This was validating and left me with a sense of hope.
Reviewed in the United States on October 5, 2010
Dr. Goldberg's book The Wisdom Paradox: How Your Mind Can Grow Stronger As You Grow Older is ostensibly a novel about the acquisition of wisdom through aging and life experiences. After reading through it, however, I feel that this book is as much an autobiography and a lesson in introductory neuroscience as it is about its stated topic. This is by no means a critique of Dr. Goldberg's writing style; on the contrary, I found his anecdotes made the book more engaging and his asides helped clarify many of his points by providing a scientific backdrop by which to judge them.

Dr. Goldberg's stated purpose, and a sizable portion of the book, is to elucidate what enables the elderly to quickly and effectively carry out tasks in spite of the neurodegeneration that should be robbing them of the analytical reasoning skills necessary to function at the level necessary to carry out complex assignments in difficult jobs. Goldberg explains that he believes neural development occurs in three distinct phases which he compares to the seasons of Spring, Summer, and Fall. These seasons correspond to development, maturity, and aging. Development is "when the main cognitive abilities and skills are formed." This "season" begins at gestation when neurons begin to form and continues through adulthood until the brain's neural structure begins to stabilize. This marks the beginning of "the season of maturity." This is the stage of neural development that the most research has been done on and the stage with which most people are familiar. The season of maturity is when people begin to shift their focus from acquiring knowledge towards applying what they have learned for practical purposes. The final stage of neural development is what Goldberg refers to as "the season of aging." In this stage the brain begins to atrophy, losing about 2% of its size per decade. Goldberg questions, and encourages us to question, both what enables elderly adults to continue to function and tackle difficult undertakings that could have disastrous consequences if mishandled. He points out many interesting examples of people, including many historical figures such as Winston Churchill and Ronald Reagan, who were clearly no longer able to carry out their stately duties towards the ends of their terms. He clarifies this passage by noting that mental decline is a slow, arduous process. The condition that many of these leaders were in at the time they left office indicates that their mental faculties must have been declining for quite some time while they were still functioning as heads of state; in spite of this, these leaders were still able to make appropriate enough decisions to remain in power. He also provide cases of many people, such as Golda Meir and Alan Greenspan, who, while not outstanding in any way in their youth, ended up accomplishing many extraordinary feats in old age. The explanation he gives for these cases is the existence of a phenomena that people have described throughout history: wisdom. The idea of wisdom does in fact have an actual biological basis. Wisdom is actually simply an acquired response to a recognized pattern. Goldberg delves into this issue further and explains what happens in our brain to allow us to have a quality such as wisdom. A typical generic pattern contains all of the shared components of its members. The power of a generic pattern is that it allows individuals to respond to novel experiences using knowledge from different experiences. If, for example, you encounter a dog of a breed you have never seen before, you know what it is and in general how to behave around it because you have encountered other dogs before. Goldberg also devotes a section to what he calls "attractors." Attractors are basically neural nets which will respond to multiple stimuli. In a similar fashion to generic patterns, this allows individuals to deal with newly encountered situations. Additionally, pattern recognition allows the brain to use up less resources to accomplish tasks. By using PET scans, doctors have found that patients who were well trained in a task actually could complete the tasks with less glucose, essentially lowering their brain's metabolic requirements. As we age, such a skill becomes increasingly useful. The reason for this is that as we age our blood vessels become more narrow. This means that it becomes harder for oxygen to reach the brain. People whose brains have smaller metabolic needs will be less affected by this decreased blood flow. In this way, pattern recognition actually allows people who have acquired and strengthened certain generic patterns to continue to function at a normal level by diminishing the impact that reduced blood flow has on their cognitive capabilities. I felt that this section of Goldberg's book was his strongest. He explained what interested him in this field and in doing so managed to also catch my attention. He also used multiple analogies to and provided illustrations for his points. I felt that this made the material, some of which seemed like it could be entered into an actual neuroscience textbook, accessible to a layperson who was interested in learning about the advantages of aging without actually having to learn arcane facts to develop the background in neuroscience that would be necessary to understand some of the concepts that Goldberg covered.

After covering what he believes comprises wisdom, Goldberg begins to go more in-depth into what exactly makes memories and a general overview of how the functioning of the brain results in the processes of the mind. I thoroughly enjoyed this section; I felt that it gave me a much stronger sense of how the parts of the brain work together to accomplish mental processes. Goldberg used many analogies to clarify his descriptions. He used a computer to explain a misunderstanding that occurred in the neuroscience community and to establish how difficult it is to specify what the responsibilities of one specific portion of the brain are. In his example, Goldberg describes a computer which has a defective power supply. This computer would be unable to store data. This does not mean that the power supply is responsible for storing the data; that is the job of the hard drive. A person who was presented with this case without any knowledge of computers, however, may be mislead by what he perceives as cause and effect. A situation very similar to this arose in neuroscience with the hippocampus. Previously, the hippocampus was thought to be the site of memory storage. Recent research indicates that memory is actually stored in the neocortex, and the hippocampus simply plays a role in memory formation. Another interesting comparison Goldberg presents is between brain functioning and a symphony orchestra. He describes the frontal lobes as the conductor of the orchestra and various brain parts as the sections of the orchestra. The role of the frontal lobe also confused scientists for quite a while. For a long time, it was thought to not have a function at all, leading to procedures such as lobotomies. It is now understood that, in a similar fashion to a conductor, the frontal lobe coordinates brain activity. A conductor does not actually contribute musically to the orchestra, but without one the symphony would not be presented in as complete a manner. Similarly, the frontal lobe is required for the brain to function but does not actually perform any clear neural function. These two analogies, among many others, helped me to understand how various parts of the brain worked. Comparing the brain to a computer also gave me a better understanding of how interdependent the parts of the brain are. A hard drive is useless individually but serves a very important role in the proper functioning of a computer just as the hippocampus, for example, serves a very important function in the brain but does nothing meaningful on its own.
The latter portion of the book is devoted to Goldberg's own professional work. This starts out in a promising fashion but ends flatly. Goldberg shows research he is doing on the roles of the left and right hemispheres. The work he is doing seems promising. His findings seems to indicate that the left brain plays a role in learned, acquired patterns while the right brain plays a larger role in acquiring new patterns. As could be expected, the right brain is more affected by aging than the left brain. He also provides interesting information relating emotional responses to brain regions. Unfortunately, the final portion of Goldberg's book turns what I felt to be the book's greatest strength into a glaring weakness: Goldberg's tendency to incorporate his own life into his writing. Towards the end of the book, Goldberg shamelessly plugs a learning center he is developing for the elderly. The the goals of his center seem admirable; he and some of his colleagues are attempting to devise mental exercises to improve and cognitive function in the elderly while also improving their mood and outlook on life. Sadly, the way he presented these aims in the book was not tasteful. I almost felt like I was reading an ad in a magazine for his center, complete with testimonials and examples of happy clients. I was extremely disappointed that he chose to place such a tacky section towards the end of such an interesting and enlightening book. I barely felt like reading the epilogue after getting through it. Nevertheless, I felt that overall this book was enjoyable and, for a book which went so in-depth into very specific neuroscience topics, very straightforward and easy to read. I would highly recommend it to any layperson interested in learning more about how their brain works.
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Reviewed in the United States on February 17, 2018
I once read a description of someone (I can't recall who) who spent a lot of time "organizing his mind." That's an evocative remark, but not easy to act on. For those peculiar enough of chew on such an idea Goldberg's book offers a genuine road map. I think he succeeds in demonstrating that we really can organize our minds.
3 people found this helpful
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Reviewed in the United States on September 23, 2014
Creo que el autor toca algunos puntos interesantes los cuales subrayé. Pero la proporción de puntos interesantes vs. El resto del libro, me hace sentir que fue poco lo que pude extraer como aprendizaje. Sentí un flujo entre secciones muy interesantes y de fácil comprensión (no soy experto en el tema), pero otros muy técnicos que más allá de términos técnicos no me dejaba un aprendizaje útil para mis conversaciones y trabajo con personas. Creo que es un libro que si supiera al principio de que se trataría y cómo abarcan el tema, no lo compraría.
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Reviewed in the United States on March 23, 2010
I read this book three years ago, and someone who borrowed it never returned it. I had to buy it again, and read it to make sure I don't miss anything. Deep, but explained in a way that makes it very easy to understand.
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Reviewed in the United States on June 16, 2017
Fascinating book. It has a lot of information that can be used, not only to understand how the brain works and ages, but also to protect oneself from the ravages of age. Worth every penny.
One person found this helpful
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Top reviews from other countries

Antonio
4.0 out of 5 stars Paradoxal
Reviewed in Spain on April 4, 2024
Too many scientific concepts at times, as it would be expected from a scientist, a great read anyway, I miss knowing more details about the training developed by his workgroup, not too bad though.
Amazon Customer
5.0 out of 5 stars A Jack of all trades, master of none! It pays to be good at something!
Reviewed in the United Kingdom on February 10, 2017
I found this book informative and fascinating. The idea of the left hemisphere of the brain being utilised for pattern recognition, and the right side for novelty, and the effects these functions have as we age along with our individual experiences, is rather illuminating. At 27 years of age, I'm yet to find myself in a profession that has kept me 'grounded' (More choice than circumstance), so as to increase my pattern recognition capabilities in some field or another. But I guess at present, the novelty seeking capabilities in my right hemisphere are taking precedence over the former.
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Patrik
5.0 out of 5 stars One of the best books I've read
Reviewed in the United Kingdom on June 3, 2018
One of the best books I've read! Despite limited knowledge on the subject of neuroscience the book was very easy to understand and read. Good starting point if you want to read more about our brain and our mind.
Hector
3.0 out of 5 stars SharpBrains is much better
Reviewed in the United Kingdom on September 6, 2009
In my opinion this book has a thin premise; that ageing brains lose various powers, but do get better at seeing patterns (being 'wise'). However his SharpBrains joint authored book is excellent; a great current survey of 'brain training going mainstream' developments and interviews. I hope Goldberg really focuses now on developing his brain training, and produces a book with exercises for each aspect of keeping brains well trained and in tip-top form as they age - veyr best wishes to him.