Visualisation

A model for highway development is presented, which uses geographic information systems (GIS), genetic algorithms (GA), and computer visualization (CV). GIS serves as a repository of geographic information and enables spatial manipulations and database management. GAs are used to optimize highway alignments in a complex search space. CV is a technique used to convey the characteristics of alternative solutions, which can be the basis of decisions. The proposed model implements GIS and GA to find an optimized alignment based on the minimization of highway costs. CV is implemented to investigate the effects of intangible parameters, such as unusual land and environmental characteristics not considered in optimization. Constrained optimization using GAs may be performed at subsequent stages if necessary using feedback received from CVs. Implementation of the model in a real highway project from Maryland indicates that integration of GIS, GAs, and CV greatly enhances the highway development process.

This paper considers the role that representational methodologies play in the dialogue between archaeological material data and narrative creation. It does this specifically in relation to the production and consumption of knowledge at the site of Petsofa, a two-period highland site overlooking the Palaikastro bay in East Crete. A new paradigm, known as ArcSeer (www.arcseer.com), is presented as an alternative approach to the traditional methods of recording, reading and representing the archaeological record. ArcSeer's approach exploits exciting advances made within the technological spheres of web application development, distributed database design and 3D visualisation. This paper will argue that the manner in which the Petsofa site data has been represented to date has significantly influenced its reading by its audience. ArcSeer is particularly interested in accommodating the multiple interpretations that fuel and derive from these representations. If we accept the basic premise that representation cannot be considered a neutral act, then a greater reflexive awareness of this fact must be accommodated by the representational devices that the discipline employs. The ArcSeer project is one such experiment along this road of enquiry.

A novel technique, using an X-ray micro-computed tomography system (X-ray micro-CT system) has been developed for visualization of the two- (2-D) and three-dimensional (3-D) ice crystal structures formed during freezing. The system reconstructs all 3-D images based on a set of 2-D images obtained by multiple slicing of an X-ray shadow image. This study demonstrates the capability of the technique to characterize the ice crystal microstructure of mycoprotein products after freezing. Results are presented for the 2-D ice crystals formed within mycoprotein frozen at different rates. The method requires freeze-drying of the sample to remove frozen water before scanning to indicate ice crystal and internal structure of the material at a depth of 1 cm. The dendrite spacing of ice crystals has been related to the freezing conditions of the material.

The complicated nature of interior construction works makes the detailed progress monitoring challenging. Current interior construction progress monitoring methods involve submission of periodic reports and are constrained by their reliance on manually intensive processes and limited support for recording visual information. Recent advances in image-based visualization techniques enable reporting construction progress using interactive and visual approaches. However, analyzing significant amounts of as-built construction photographs requires sophisticated techniques. To overcome limitations of existing approaches, this research focuses on visualization and computer vision techniques to monitor detailed interior construction progress using an object-based approach. As-planned 3D models from Building Information Modeling (BIM) and as-built photographs are visualized and compared in a walk-through model. Within such an environment, the as-built interior construction objects are decomposed to automatically generate the status of construction progress. This object-based approach introduces an advanced model that enables the user to have a realistic understanding of the interior construction progress.

""Electronic Visualisation in Arts and Culture explores a variety of new theory and technologies, including devices and techniques for motion capture for music and performance, advanced photographic techniques, computer generated images derived from different sources, game engine software, airflow to capture the motions of bird flight and low-altitude imagery from airborne devices.

The international authors of this book are practising experts from universities, art practices and organisations, research centres and independent research. They describe electronic visualisation used for such diverse aspects of culture as airborne imagery, computer generated art based on the autoimmune system, motion capture for music and for sign language, the visualisation of time and the long term preservation of these materials. Selected from the EVA London conferences from 2009-2012, held in association with the Computer Arts Society of the British Computer Society, the authors have reviewed, extended and fully updated their work for this state-of-the-art volume.
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It is an important strategy for grocery stores to forecast sales, that knowing how many sales are needed in advance to avoid overstocking or understocking. In this report, grocery sales data from Ecuadorian supermarket chain ‘Corporacion Favorita’ on Kaggle platform was extensively analysed, with the aim to predict and forecast product sales for their stores.

Predicting and forecasting the financial markets has always been seen as a ‘dark art’, secretive trading strategies known only to a few. Financial investment and trading strategies often reflect a plethora of expert decisions, calculation and predictions to maximize the*probability of choosing a profitable trade.

Students workshop given at National University of Singapore.

Description:
The workshop will be focused on convergences of food and ICT and various ways how to use food within everyday computer mediated communication. We are going to explore the possibilities of critical food design and talk about some novel practices within the field, such as multisensoric cooking, food sonification or data visualisations created with food. After a brief introduction into the area, we will spend some time playing with OpenSauce software and see how we can cook from colours, sounds, tweets or even human stories. We will also get our hands dirty while cooking our own data, and try to build our own edible data-visualisation prototype. And of course, we are going to eat it after all!

Data-driven journalism (DDJ) can be considered as journalism’s response to the datafication of society. To better understand the key components and development of this still young and fast evolving genre, we investigate what the field itself defines as its ‘gold-standard’: projects that were nominated for the Data Journalism Awards (DJA) from 2013 to 2016 (n= 225). Using a content analysis we examine, among other aspects, the data sources and types, visualisations, interactive features, topics, and producers. Our results demonstrate, for instance, only a few consistent developments over the years and a predominance of political pieces, of projects by newspapers and by investigative journalism organisations, of public data from official institutions as well as a glut of simple visualisations, which in sum echoes a range of general tendencies in data journalism. On the basis of our findings we evaluate DDJ’s potential for improvement with regard to journalism’s societal functions.

Patterns are a central tool in legal design. They are conceptual schemes or entities describing solutions to a recurring legal problem, helping to make contracts, disclosures and policies accessible to users and easier to prepare. In this paper, we take stock of existing legal design patterns and pattern libraries and present the idea of a legal design pattern language intended to lead to documenting and sharing good practices across disciplines and to more actionable pattern libraries.

The aim of this article is to present the connections between literature and art, as well as a graphic and artistic sing. The main subject of the study is the problem of typography, pictography, calligraphy and the visualisation as a sign created from the merging of a verbal code and a drawing representation. The dialogue of two sisters, due to which poetry has become a verbal painting /pictura loquens/, exhibits the variety of artistic creations based on the selected French literature of the early 20th century. The new tendencies which provoked the writers and painters, they could define the plasticity of words and pictures, as well as discover similarities of these two layers. The study attempts to discuss the co-existence and co-implication of the verbal codes and pictorial codes.

The chapter advances the position that " Nature of Science " (NOS) in science education has often been described in terms of lists of statements that are fragmented and do not necessarily add to a coherent whole. In contrast, the argument made is that visualizing NOS in terms of images can help bring some coherence to how NOS is conceptualized and enacted in science education. Various visual accounts including the " Science Eye " and the " Generative Images of Science " are used to illustrate how text-based accounts on NOS can be extended to offer more holistic images of NOS that can have curricular utility. Examples of curriculum analysis including international comparative curriculum analysis illustrate how this approach can inform curriculum design, evaluation and revision.

While there has been significant progress in the treatment of ischemic heart failure, it remains a significant health and economic problem worldwide. In this paper, we present the challenges of modelling ischemic heart failure and introduce a user-friendly software system that will be a sub-set of the Virtual Pathological Heart environment which is currently being developed under the FP7 VPH2

This chapter argues for the importance of visualisations in safety research through a short history of the emergence of this scientific field in the 1980s, followed by an introduction to new safety visualisations for the current historical period. To do so, it relies on a selection of visualisations for the three types of issues that structure the domain: identifying and comparing high-risk systems, framing sociotechnical systems and conceptualising safety. Drawings from Perrow, Rasmussen and Reason are used. This chapter then presents three alternative visualisations with the ambition to reflect on a certain number of changes following the 1980s. It visually advocates conceptual notions such as networks, complexity and constructivism, and represents empirical evolutions by acknowledging transformations such as globalisation and the emergence of new categories of risks. The chapter does not argue that visual representations are more important than texts, but rather that they should be more appreciated for their contribution to our ability to address the complexity of safety both in research and practice. This chapter is also, through the help of graphical representations, an opportunity to question the necessary adaptations of safety concepts and theories to their epoch.

Student plagiarism, the process where a student uses the words or ideas of another without acknowledgement and for academic credit, is believed to be increasing. This is of concern since it devalues the awards that academic institutions make and has recently been receiving increased media attention. This thesis presents a process through which similarity within a corpus of documents can be found and verified by a tutor to see if it represents plagiarism. Two key requirements for the process are identified. The first is that it should be effective in that it correctly identifies those documents that are the most similar. The second is that it should be efficient; this means both computationally and in terms of tutor workload.

A number of new ideas are introduced. The literature study reveals that there is no consistency in the terms used to talk about plagiarism and a taxonomy is proposed. It also finds inconsistencies in classifications of detection engines for source code plagiarism. Alternative classifications that do not preclude free text engines are presented. The main shortcoming of existing systems is that although the engines might be effective the systems they support impact too greatly on a tutor's time. Hence they are not efficient.

A four-stage detection process consisting of collection, analysis, verification and investigation is proposed. The greatest need for tool support would be on the labour intensive verification and investigation stages. Here a tutor has to examine two documents that have been flagged during the analysis stage. A visual approach to demonstrate the similarity is recommended. A new graphic known as a similarity visualisation is used that presents pixels whose intensity is generated by the commonality of overlapping word fragments. The visualisations are deployed by an interactive tool named VAST that allows quick verification and investigation of suspect areas of the two submissions.

The similarity visualisation is argued to provide the best representation of similarity between two submissions and an ordering of pairs based on its properties is argued to be effective. Generating visualisations for all possible pairs of a large corpus is considered to not be currently computationally feasible. Instead, this ordering is approximated using less computationally intensive metrics. Using real and synthetic submissions it is argued that the word pairs metric, based upon the proportion of two consecutive words that two submissions have in common, is demonstrated to be the most efficient and effective metric.

This paper describes a method devised for students of architecture to explore the city through walking and mapping. The method aims to encourage students to explore space in the city not only as a geometric reality, but also as space that has symbolic significance in the memories of people and as space that is created through how people appropriate the city in their everyday lives. It was developed over a number of years in collaboration with the third-year students of the architectural design studio at the school of architecture in the University of Cape Town (UCT). Ideas on different ways of understanding space were borrowed from the philosopher Henri Lefebvre and the affordances of walking as a tool from De Certeau. The idea to use mapping in a creative process of understanding the city was inspired by Corner (1999) and later expanded through the work of Graafland (2012). One of the challenges the students faced was to find ways in which to capture information about space seen through this range of theoretical lenses in a way that would render visible the aspects of the city that otherwise would remain invisible to a designer. For this the students were encouraged to experiment with their graphic skills, through the use of notations (Allen, 2000) and graphic techniques of wayfinding. The students were provided with a matrix developed from the spatial triad offered by Lefebvre (1991b) in The Production of Space and made more accessible by commentators on Lefebvre in particular Schmid (2008). The process begins by offering the students advice from the philosopher and sociologist, de Certeau, who continued the work of Lefebvre, to 'go down below' as opposed to mapping from above, and to walk the city to discover its everyday reality. Students were introduced to the idea that walking can be seen as a tool for architects and readings on theories about walking were encouraged. Another concept borrowed from de Certeau was that of strategies and tactics. This provided a lens that would bring into focus conflicting rationalities (Watson, 2003), the tensions that exist between governing powers and the agency of people in their day-today lives that play out specifically in cities of the global south. The students were tasked to identify aspects of the urban fabric that represented power and those that were indicators of how people survived or appropriated these mechanisms of control in their daily lives. In order to ensure the exercise was relevant to architecture, the matrix based on the spatial triad was overlaid with another triad, one that captures what architects do implicitly when drawing, that is record, understand and project. The walking and mapping project was therefore structured into three phases: recording the urban fabric with a focus on the aspects related to urban governance; understanding, focussed on uncovering the invisible qualites of space as experienced by the users; and projecting an imagined world into the future that would improve on at least one of the aspects of lived realities uncovered through walking and mapping. The paper concludes by showcasing an examples of student projects that were the result of this process of discovery of the urban reality of their project site and a built work that achieved the desired transformation in question. These examples illustrate how, by engaging with space as understood by its users, students and architects alike, are able to imagine a future world in a way that is topical and resonates with the everyday challenges of people living in the city.

‘Virtual globe’ software systems such as Google Earth are growing rapidly in popularity as a way to visualise and share 3D environmental data. Scientists and environmental professionals, many of whom are new to 3D modeling and visual communications, are beginning routinely to use such techniques in their work. While the appeal of these techniques is evident, with unprecedented opportunities for public access to data and collaborative engagement over the web, are there nonetheless risks in their widespread usage when applied in areas of the public interest such as planning and policy-making?This paper argues that the Google Earth phenomenon, which features realistic imagery of places, cannot be dealt with only as a question of spatial data and geographic information science. The virtual globe type of visualisation crosses several key thresholds in communicating scientific and environmental information, taking it well beyond the realm of conventional spatial data and geographic information science, and engaging more complex dimensions of human perception and aesthetic preference. The realism, perspective views, and social meanings of the landscape visualisations embedded in virtual globes invoke not only cognition but also emotional and intuitive responses, with associated issues of uncertainty, credibility, and bias in interpreting the imagery. This paper considers the types of risks as well as benefits that may exist with participatory uses of virtual globes by experts and lay-people. It is illustrated with early examples from practice and relevant themes from the literature in landscape visualisation and related disciplines such as environmental psychology and landscape planning. Existing frameworks and principles for the appropriate use of environmental visualisation methods are applied to the special case of widely accessible, realistic 3D and 4D visualisation systems such as Google Earth, in the context of public awareness-building and agency decision-making on environmental issues. Relevant principles are suggested which lend themselves to much-needed evaluation of risks and benefits of virtual globe systems. Possible approaches for balancing these benefits and risks include codes of ethics, software design, and metadata templates.

Overview of ongoing research in the CISA group (WISE research lab) at the Vrije Universiteit Brussel. The group is investigating cross-media information spaces and architectures, interactive paper and augmented reality solutions as well as multimodal and multi-touch interaction frameworks. Thereby, we are doing research on new document formats for representing information across different types of media as well as fluid user interfaces for interacting with the resulting cross-media information spaces. A significant part of our research is based on applying and extending the resource-selector-link (RSL) hypermedia metamodel.

More information: https://beatsigner.com/cross-media-information-spaces-and-architectures.html

Lancaster Disability Studies Conference (2018), Lancaster, United Kingdom.

Abstract:

The aim of this paper is to analyse popular neuroimaging of the (dis)able(d) brain as a cultural phenomenon, as well as to explore how there has been, during the last decades, a subtle but important change in the way the “normal” brain is depicted in popular science. Popular neuroimaging is introduced and used as an empirical basis to analyse what Fiona Kumari Campbell sees as a critic against ableism. The empirical material consists of two British popular science documentaries (both produced by the BBC) on the topic of the brain: Human Brain (1983), and Brain Story (2004). The article argues that the position of normality and able-bodiedness have changed as the development of brain scanning techniques has emerged. Specially, there seem to have been a change in how the discursive logic of the brain is visualised and talked about. New frameworks for understanding normality, disability and vulnerability have appeared. Furthermore, we claim that this shift needs to be studied from a theoretical perspective that analyses the discursive logic of the (dis)able(d) brain where an indistinction transpires and creates a form of vulnerable normality.