Terra Sigillata

The subject of the present study had as a starting point the need to establish chronological references, as precisely as it could, concerning the beginning of the Roman life at Noviodunum. Thus, the author uses as a reference the ceramic category known under the name of t e r r a s i g i l l a t a , representing a precise instrument of dating and also an informative source upon the economic activities developed at Noviodunum during the Early Roman Age. The most part of the sigillar resource taken into account results from the area of the big tower belonging to the Roman-Byzantine fortress. The phenomenon is due to the archeological researches of vast proportion that led to the discovery of this monument, which superposes the remains of the first Roman fortress from Noviodunum – the land c a s t r u m – and was covered by a thick level of soil during the Byzantine period, resulting from the Early Roman living levels. During the twelve campaigns of archeological researches carried out at Noviodunum (between the years 1995 and 2007) there were discovered 101 ceramic fragments of t e r r a s i g i l l a t a , from which 75 typical fragments belong to the two typological groups known by researchers: TS with ornament and smooth or strip TS. The sigillar material studied at present reflects the main penetrating courses of these imports: coming from the Roman West, the North-Pontic area and South-Moesian region. The first TS imports belong to the Arretin ceramic category characterized by smooth walls and dating back in the first half of the 1 st century A.D., most of them representing cups provided by the Romans coming from West. But there are also TS imports of South-Gallic origin, products of the Graufesenque's officinae (Condatomagus) dated in the time of the imperial Flavians. The 2 nd century A.D. is dominated by ceramics imported from the Central Gaul, produced especially in the workshops of Lezoux (Ledosus); starting with the 2 nd half of the century the number of the Rhenanian products increases: the main centers are Rheinzabern, from the Eastern Gaul and Westerndorf, from the Upper Germany. Instead, a lack of products of Pannonian origin may be noticed. The author regards the presence of TS products of North-Pontic (salvers and plates produced in the ceramic workshops from Mirmekion and Olbia) and South-Moesian origin (salvers coming from the pottery of Butovo) as an understandable phenomenon in the context of the traditional relations, already existing in the moment of the Roman occupation in this geographical-historical area of the West and North-Pontic seashore. The study of sigillar artifacts from Noviodunum includes also the local production of TS imitations, the workshops present in the area of this fortress starting to produce from the middle of the 2 nd century and to impose their products during the 3 rd century A.D. Thus, the phenomenon is reflected also by the TS discoveries from the v i l l a e r u s t i c a t e inside the fortress, especially those studied at Niculiţel.

En este estudio se ha tratado de hacer un estado actualizado de la cuestión sobre el itinerario y el comercio ejercido en la ruta que unía en la antigüedad el puerto de Carthago Nova con Complutum, el importante nudo de comunicaciones del centro peninsular.
Sin duda, esta calzada actuaría de eje vertebrador del tránsito comercial entre el centro peninsular y el puerto mediterráneo para, posteriormente, ser exportado al resto del Imperio.  La exportación de trigo, vino y minerales sería una constante en los carros que recorrieron la vía pero, en concreto, el peso del esparto y el lapis specularis tendrían un significado especial.
De esta manera, este yeso cristalizado extraído en las ricas minas de la provincia de Cuenca en el siglo I-II d.C. permitió un flujo inverso de artículos de todo tipo y llegó a las ventanas de Roma, Tusculum y Pompeya.

Il volume sugli scavi del complesso “Novi Sad” a Modena, è il sigillo conclusivo ad una operazione di vasta portata dal punto di vista archeologico, che ha visto impegnata l’allora Soprintendenza per i Beni Archeologici dell’Emilia-Romagna in un lavoro di scavo estensivo durato diversi anni. L’ampio ventaglio cronologico individuato, dall’Età del Ferro al Seicento, con preponderanza della fase romana, ha permesso non solo di arricchire la conoscenza della storia e delle dinamiche evolutive della città di Modena, ma anche di conquistare un nuovo inestimabile patrimonio, sia tangibile (i numerosi reperti che sono già stati esposti in una mostra nel Museo Civico Archeologico Etnologico e le strutture che sono state ricollocate nel Novi Park), sia immateriale (la messe di informazioni geologiche, storiche, topografiche, architettoniche, archeobotaniche, antropologiche e della cultura materiale che ci ha offerto il giacimento archeologico pluristratificato).

THE ABSOLUTE CHRONOLOGY OF THE ROMAN PERIOD PHASE C1 IN THE LIGHT OF SAMIAN WARE FINDS ON THE TERRITORY OF THE PRZEWORSK CULTURE.
SUMMARY
Samian ware belong to the group of important sources enabling to attempt reconstruction of contacts between the Roman Empire and European Barbaricum. It results from the signifi cant number of fi nds of that kind of ceramics coming from various territories outside the Roman limes, as well as from the possibility of determining places and the sequence of the production of these products, as well as from the diversified group of their recipients. Studies based on dispersion of
these finds are playing an important role, enabling to conclude about the model of the distribution of Roman products on these areas. Finds of the Samian ware also have an essential importance for the study of the absolute chronology of development phases of „barbaric” cultures of Europe.
We can establish as the base of the synchronization of recalled stylistic changes with the absolute chronology of Samian ware, that terminus post quem determines the period of the start-up of the production of an individual Samian ware.
Presented in older literature attempts of the interpretation of the Samian ware infl ux to the territory of Central-European Barbaricum pointed, that it took place not necessarily at the same time as beginnings of the activity of workshops producing them. It is possible we can accept with the higher probability, that Samian ware fi nds are not evidences of the
most late phase of the activity of these workshops as well.
Presumably the period of distribution and later using of one Samian vessel in the environment of the Przeworsk culture every time could be a bit different. With exception of finds dated by historical events, we have no data enabling us to determine more precisely the period, after which the deposition of the vessel could take place. Precise determining of the Samian ware usage is hampered by the specifi c of the sepulchral rite in the environment of the Przeworsk culture. Very often it is impossible to recommend expressively, which items present in the inventory of the cremation burial could be used by the deceased intravital, which were gifts given by participants to the commitment service, and which got to the assemblage by chance. Basing on the less numerous fi nds from the settlement contexts, we can only suppose, if these imports – Samian ware - could be used for instance in a household, and if so, how long this usage took place. Proper interpretation of the sepulchral fi nds could be sometimes hampered by cases when we notice pieces of the same Samian vessel in different graves or fragments of more than one vessel in one assemblage. Presumably such situations are caused by the repeated use of the same cremation place. However sometimes we can reconstruct possible sequence of these cremations, what was proved by the study of the assemblages containing Samian from the cemetery of the Przeworsk culture in Opatów, Kłobuck poviat.
One may record a distinct progress in the research of the places of production of Samian ware and the dating of the activity of workshops producing this pottery, and even more so, as a result of a signifi cant increase in the number of source evidence. It applies most of all to Przeworsk Culture, now with a record of 92 closed assemblages containing Samian pottery, originating from 33 sites (Fig. 1). This is more than twice the number available at the time of the start of earlier studies addressing the absolute chronology of the phases of the Roman Period basing on Samian ware present in grave inventories from the entire territory of the Barbaricum.
However these new fi nds of Samian ware from the Przeworsk Culture territory have not signifi cantly changed the overall view of the infl ux of these imports, nevertheless some individual finds have come to light, originating from workshops not represented earlier in the record of Samian ware in our study area. First of all, there has been a visible increase in the number of finds from the youngest wave of the influx of Samian, produced during the 3rd century AD – mainly at Westerndorf
and at Pfaffenhofen.
Presented analysis is focused mainly on the phase C1of the younger Roman period. Many assemblages of the Przeworsk culture coming from this stage contain Samian ware belonging to the main wave of its infl ux on the territory of the Polish land. Basing on such assemblages we have more data useful for determining the absolute chronology of phase C1a as well (Fig. 2). Only a handful of grave assemblages from
this phase contain Samian ware manufactured after AD 160, at Rheinzabern or at Lubié. The majority of these workshops, except for the workshop of CASURIUS at Lubié, continued to produce their wares over several decades, presumably, until AD 210s/220s. A similarly modest number of grave assemblages from phase C1a contain Samian manufactured starting from AD 175 until 210–220 (from Rheinzabern and Westerndorf). A number of further grave inventories from
phase C1a contain even younger wares, originating from the workshop of HELENIUS in Westerndorf, active in AD 200–230, and possibly a little longer. In the group of grave assemblages likely to date from phase C1a there are also two finds with Samian ware produced by the potter HELENIUS who was active at Pfaffenhofen in the period AD 210–250.
The largest group (more than 30 graves) is formed by assemblages assigned to phase C1 but their dating cannot be refi ned further – either to phase C1a or to phase C1b (Fig. 3). Despite this they have some relevance for the dating of the origins and the time of the spread of the Younger Roman Period style. Only in a single case a grave dated broadly
to phase C1, presumably its earlier stage, contained a Samian ware vessel produced in AD 150–170 at Rheinzabern. Of the remainder nearly a half are inventories containing Samian ware produced only between AD 175 and 210–220, some of them, even until 230. These are the wares from Rheinzabernand from Westerndorf. The same number of inventories dated to an unspecifi ed stage of phase C1, contain somewhat later wares, with a dating of between AD 190/200 and 230s, and some, as late as AD 245/250 (from Rheinzabern, group IIc; Rheinzabern, group IIIa and from Westerndorf).
The extended period of activity of individual workshops producing Samian ware makes it rather diffi cult to specify more closely of the relationship between fi nds attributed to successive chronological phases. This observation applies also to the correlation of phases C1a and C1b. The latter phase is represented in the investigated material by a small number of inventories (Fig. 3). They contain Samian produced in AD 175–210/220 (from Rheinzabern and Westerndorf) or AD 200–230 (from Westerndorf). From phase C1b comes also a number of grave fi nds with Samian ware produced at Pfaffenhofen in DICANUS style, AD 230–260. Thus, Samian ware finds confirm that artefacts recognized as
typical for phase C1b were in use presumably already during the late 2nd century, or the fi rst and the second decade of the 3rd century, contemporaneously with forms typical for phase C1a. Because, if we assume that the Samian ware from AD 170–210/220 does not come from the fi nal years of activity of the workshops which produced them, we have to accept that the fi nd from Chorula (grave 151) confi rms a surmise drawn on the basis of Roman iconography on the early appearance of shield-bosses with a hemispherical body without a collar,
prior to the period of the spread of the style of phase C1b. This is shown by the sarcophagus from Via Tiburtina-Portonaccio, dating from AD 180s, with a depiction of a shield boss of a form corresponding to the find from Chorula.
We may conclude that inventories with the youngest imports of Samian ware, the wares of HELENIUS of Westerndorf and somewhat younger wares from Pfaffenhofen (HELENIUS, DICANUS), originate still from the final years of phase C1. These grave inventories, like the relatively abundant other wares from Pfaffenhofen discovered without a specified context, would be evidence of a much more intensive Przeworsk Culture settlement during phase C1b, than might be concluded basing on the known finds of artefacts of a form recognized as markers of this phase.
The number of currently known assemblages dated by Samian vessels shows that, in determining the chronology of the onset of the younger Roman period, our basis are mainly sepulchral Przeworsk culture assemblages containing this pottery. To some extent observations presented here relative to the dating of the onset and the duration of phase C1b find confi rmation also in fi nds of assemblages with Samian ware from the territory of the Wielbark Culture. The correctness of our observations is indicated also by the relatively modest number of closed assemblages containing Samian ware from other regions of the Central European Barbaricum.
The cultural change during the younger Roman period did not unfold by leaps and bounds, and the periodization scheme used universally for this period refl ects only a general sequence of successive stylistic changes and, as such, does not allow a closer absolute dating also of the fi nds which are recognized as characteristic for a particular phase.
Prof. dr hab. Piotr Kaczanowski (†)
Instytut Archeologii Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego
ul. Gołębia 11, PL 31-007 Kraków
Dr Andrzej Przychodni
Wojewódzki Urząd Ochrony Zabytków w Kielcach
ul. Zamkowa 5, PL 25-009 Kielce
[email protected]

Das Marschgebiet, das sich entlang der ganzen Wattenmeer-Küste der Niederlande und Deutschlands erstreckt, ist gekennzeichnet durch tausende Wohnhügel, die ab ca. 600 vor Christus als Schutz vor dem Meer aufgeworfen wurden. In Friesland werden diese Wohnhügel Terpen genannt.
Die Erde wurde zur Bodenverbesserung für die nährstoffarmen Moore und Sandgebiete im Inland an Landwirte verkauft. Während dieser kommerziellen Abgrabungen entdeckte man die Überreste der alten Siedlungen. Wenn möglich wurden Funde gesammelt. Unter diesen Funden befanden sich Tausende von Gegenständen römischer Herkunft, meistens Terra Sigillata.
In diesem Artikel wird vorerst nur die T.S. aus friesischen Terpen beschrieben, obwohl in archäologischer Hinsicht die Funde aus Friesland, Groningen und Norddeutschland zusammengehören.
Für diese Studie wurden 2264 Fragmente untersucht nach Typ, Herkunft, Töpfer, Datierung und teils nach Benutzungsspuren. Die reliefverzierte Ware wird in einem Katalog präsentiert (Beilage 1; Abb. 4, 7-19). Die Information über die glatte Sigillata wird separat veröffentlicht (Volkers 2016). Die Stempel auf reliefverzierter und unverzierter Ware wurden beschrieben durch Dr. M. Polak (Radboud Universitet Nijmegen) und werden im Anhang präsentiert (Beilage 2).

Abstract

This volume is dedicated entirely to the plain Italian Sigillata produced in the manufactory of Scoppieto, which was located in the middle Tiber Valley, in modern-day Umbria, and was active between the reigns of Augustus and Trajan. Part I presents the typological repertoire of the ware (including completely new types), the workshops that were active (identified by means of the analysis of the stamps), and the geographic area of distribution of the vessels. Furthermore, some questions are addressed concerning the organization and commercialization of the products, and the results of the archaeometric studies carried out on a sample of the pieces are illustrated. Starting from the supposition that the manufactory of Scoppieto was not the only production center in Tiberine Umbria (even if it is the one for now that has provided the most data), an attempt is made to reconstruct the productive panorama of the territory during the imperial period by means of an examination of the literary sources and archaeological documentation (represented mostly by ceramic finds). It was rather variegated and lively precisely because it gravitated toward the Tiber Basin and was therefore in direct connection with Rome, which was the main market for its products. Part II analyzes the plain products with applied relief decoration, which are outstanding for their variety and refinement. The complete repertoire of the decorative motifs used in the manufactory and their occurrence on the various vessel shapes are presented. Not a few plaque moulds (together with dies) from which the appliqués were obtained have been found. Thanks to archaeometric analyses, we know that they were imported in part from Arezzo and in part produced in the manufactory. They show the potential of a productive structure that was able to manage the entire productive cycle, helped in the commercialization of its products by its fortunate location near the river route of the Tiber, which guaranteed a direct connection with the Urbs.

The human settlement of the Pelagie Islands is marked by discontinuity from the prehistory to the modern era.
The location of the islands in the middle of the Mediterranean Sea gives them a strategic relevance as a landing point along the maritime trading routes but at the same time both the geographic isolation and the exiguity of the resources severely interfere with a durable settlement.
Every time that the archaeological research confirmed the human presence on the islands, it can be always connected to the broader events affecting more generally the Mediterranean basin. So it is in the prehistory, when the islands are involved in the Mediterranean overseas trade earlier for obsidian and later for metal supply or during the Roman Empire, when the marine resources were exploited on large scale, or even in the Late Antiquity when a whole community in disagreement with the central power for religion and politics exiled itself to the border of the Vandalic Reign.

ÖZET Lykia Bölgesi'nin önemli limanlarından biri olan Andriake kentinde, 2009 senesinde başlatılan kazılarda, İ.S. 5.-6. yüzyıla ait bir sinagog yapısı ortaya çıkarılmıştır. Kazılar sırasında, yapının apsis bölümünün zemin altındaki, ana kaya alanı arasındaki boşlukların, kentin seramik çöplüğünden getirilen, malzeme ile dolgu yapıldığı gözlemlenmiştir. Atık alanından getirilen malzemeler, Hellenistik Dönem'den Bizans Dönemi'ne kadar tarihlenmektedir. Özellikle Hellenistik ve Roma seramikleri söz konusu bu alanda yoğun olarak karşımıza çıkmıştır. Bu seramikler içerisindeki en yoğun grup terra sigillatalardır. Ele geçen, 193 parça içerisinde, Doğu Sigillatalardan A, B, C, D grubu, yerel üretimler, Sagalassos Kırmızı Astarlıları, İtalya Sigillataları, Geç Roma seramikleri vardır. Doğu Sigillata gruplarından, DSA ve DSD (Kıbrıs) seramikleri, iki ayrı çalışmada tarafımdan değerlendirilmiştir. Bu çalışmada ise, Doğu Sigillatalarından, Batı Anadolu üretimi DSC grubu değerlendirilecektir. Seramikler; hamur-astar yapıları ile formlarına göre gruplandırılmıştır. Bu grupların kap dağılımları ile sayısal yoğunlukları değerlendirilmiştir. Andriake liman kentindeki sigillataların incelenmesiyle, limanın farklı dönemlerde, hangi kentlerle ticari ilişkileri olduğu ortaya çıkarılmaya çalışılmıştır. Anahtar Kelimeler: Andriake, Myra, Roma Seramiği, Pergamon-Çandarlı Seramiği, Doğu Sigillata C. UNCOVERED EASTERN SIGILLATA C GROUP FROM ANDRIAKE PORT PERGAMON ÇANDARLI SIGILLATA ABSTRACT Excavations started in 2009, in the city of Andriake-one of the important ports of Lycia-, a synagogue from 5th-6th century A.C. was unearthed. During the excavations, it was revealed that the gaps between the main rock area under the floor of the apse section of the structure, were filled with the material brought from the ceramic waste area of the city. These materials brought from the disposal area are dated from the Hellenistic Period to the Byzantine Period. Especially Hellenistic and Roman ceramics were outnumbering. Hellenistic and Roman Period samples were evaluated. Among these ceramics the Terrasigillata's are higher in number. Through 193 pieces, there are East Sigillata's A, B, C, D groups, local productions, Sagalassos Red lining, Italian Sigillatas and Late Roman ceramics. DSA and DSD (Cyprus) ceramics from Eastern Sigillata groups were assessed in two separate studies. In this study, Western Anatolian production DSB, DSC groups will be evaluated from Eastern Sigillata's. Ceramics are classified according to their dough-lining constructions and their forms. Following this their container distributions and their numerical densities were evaluated. Depending on the examination of the Sigillata's in Andriake Harbor City, it has been tried to find out the trade-related connections between particular ports with particular cities, at different times. Specific to researches on the ceramics found in Andriake, the maritime trade in the Lycian region and the distribution of these ceramics to the inner regions were questioned.

The "Dictionnaire des thèmes nominaux du gaulois - A Dictionary of Gaulish Nominal Stems. Vol. I Ab-/Iχs(o)-", Editions Les Cent Chemins, Paris 2019, 398 pp., 39€, is available at Amazon :
https://www.amazon.fr/Dictionnaire-th%C3%A8mes-nominaux-gaulois-Ab/dp/1798050404/ref=sr_1_9?__mk_fr_FR=%C3%85M%C3%85%C5%BD%C3%95%C3%91&keywords=delamarre+dictionnaire&qid=1556952062&s=gateway&sr=8-9

Negli ultimi anni sono stati editi diversi gruppi ceramici dalla baia di Napoli (Pozzuoli, Napoli, Campi Flegrei), dall'area vesuviana e dalla Campania settentrionale. Questi nuovi dati dimostrano l'esistenza di officine ceramiche i cui prodotti imitavano la contemporanea ceramica fine e da cucina nord-africane o che producevano altra ceramica da mensa come le “colour coated wares” e, più tardi, le ceramiche dipinte. Queste officine erano collocate prevalentemente in aree rurali  in stretta connessione con attività agricole che producevano un surplus destinato al mercato, consentendo a questi prodotti di circolare ben oltre la loro area di produzione. La ceramica prodotta nell'agro Falerno, ad esempio, ben documentata nella baia di Napoli, nella Campania settentrionale e nel Sannio interna suggerisce uno stretto legame con il sistema delle nundinae, attraverso cui ceramica e derrate circolavano.

From one of the most well-researched auxiliary fort and its adjacent vicus in Hungary, Intercisa, a total of 1137 pieces of terra sigillata fragments came to light during the rescue excavations conducted in 1967. The concerned area, called Papsziget, is a 90 × 30 m large, island-like territory, situated to the southeast from the fort. It comprised the oldest part of the Roman settlement, which is confirmed by finds dated as late as the Flavian period (terra sigillata and amphora fragments, coins, lamps) found at the site. The purpose of this article is to present the spectrum of the sigillata material and to illustrate how this smaller site fits into the history of the Roman settlement.

Testo di G. Assenti  tratto da "Pompei. Insula IX 8. Vecchi e nuovi scavi (1879-)", di A. Coralini; il volume, contiene contributi di D. Albertini, G. Asseni, M. Carra, M. Covolan, A. Curci, D. Esposito, A. Gaucci, M. Giglio, A. Guidazzoli, R. Helg, M.C. Liguori, A. Malgieri, E. Maini, L. Mazzeo, M. Mongardi, S. Morsiani, D. Rigato, P. Rispoli, C. Romano, B. Sassi, S. Sassoli,  L. Toniolo, E. Vecchietti.

The paper deals with the issue of Roman archaeological finds and assemblage in the Malá Haná region in the context of substantial strong Germanic settlement activities that had or may have had connections
to the period of Marcomannic wars. During the last decade of research in particular on sites near Jevíčko town in was possible to gain a lot of knowledge on the issues of settlement of the Early Roman period. In addition to Roman imports, related to trade activities, a whole range of artifacts (especially militaria) can be associated with the movement of the Roman army deep in the Barbaricum or directly with the orthernmost Roman temporary camp near Jevíčko. The Malá Haná region thus becomes an important research area for a detailed interpretation of Roman-Germanic interactions at the end of the reign of Emperor Marcus Aurelius.

2006-2008 yılları arasında Tralleis antik kentinin güneybatı yamacında yapılan kazılarda, Tralleis üretimi olan DSB (ESB) grubuna ait çok sayıda seramik ele geçmiştir. 2013 yılında bu alandaki çalışmalara devam edilmiş ve bir seramik atölyesine ait olduğu düşünülen duvarın bir bölümü ortaya çıkarılmıştır. Bu duvarın içinde, silindirik biçimli bir pişmiş toprak mühür ele geçmiştir. Mührün  bir ucunda palmet ve diğer ucunda rozet motifi yer almaktadır. Her iki motifin aynı mühür üzerinde yer alması dikkat çekicidir. Ayrıca bu alandan çok sayıda  kırmızı astarlı seramik parçaları ele geçmiştir. 

During the excavations carried out on the southwestern slope of the ancient city of Tralleis between 2006 and 2008, a large number of ceramics belonging to the DSB (ESB) group produced by Tralleis were found. Excavation in this field was continued in 2013 and
part of the wall, which is thought to belong to a sigillata workshop, was unearthed.
A cylindrical terracotta seal was found inside this part of the  wall.There is a palmet at one end and a rosette at the other end. It is noteworthy that both motifs are located on the same seal. In addition, a large number of red slipped pottery pieces were found from this area.

À l’époque augustéenne, les ateliers de céramiques fines du centre et du sud de la Gaule semblent suivre la même voie, voire s’influencer mutuellement par le biais d’échanges de vases ou d’artisans, lors d’une phase d’apprentissage et de tâtonnement au cours de laquelle sont entre autres produites les présigillées ou premières sigillées de mode A gauloises. Ces dernières s’inspirent des productions italiques, tout en s’émancipant parfois de leur modèle. On rencontre en effet dans ces ateliers des copies gauloises de céramique à engobe rouge pompéien présentant une surface noire ou grise, des copies de campanienne à surface rouge ou beige, ou encore, des copies de sigillée à surface noire ou grise. Ces « fantaisies » de potiers gaulois témoignent de la vitalité d’un artisanat indigène qui ne prend, dans les importations de plus en plus présentes, que les éléments susceptibles de plaire à la clientèle locale et, bien sûr, technologiquement réalisables.
Des savoir-faire et des circuits de diffusion comparables dans les ateliers du centre et du sud de la Gaule permettent, après le changement d’ère, l’essor d’une production de masse de céramiques romaines standardisées, en premier lieu celle de la sigillée de mode C largement diffusée.

The English edition of my PhD thesis (originally in Dutch, 1995) on the South Gaulish terra sigillata with potters' stamps from the site of the Roman fort at Bunnik-Vechten. In its final building phase from the late 2nd and 3rd centuries AD the fort measured c. 2.6 ha and presumably accommodated ala I Thracum. The fort(s) of the 1st and early 2nd centuries - when the South Gaulish terra sigillata arrived - may have been larger. The site has produced one of the largest collections of terra sigillata in the Northwest, as demonstrated by the 4797 stamped South Gaulish vessels discussed in this thesis. In a collection of this size chronological trends and other patterns may be distinguished which remain invisible in smaller samples. The study includes an extensive discussion of the evolution of the stamped forms and of the organization of their production. The stamp catalogue differs in three respects from the more recent corpus of Hartley and Dickinson (2008-2012): 1) all variants are discussed individually; 2) illiterate and otherwise unidentified stamps have been included; 3) the stamps are illustrated by photos (identified stamps) or rubbings (unidentified stamps) instead of drawings.