Social Science Research Network

What are the legacies of violence on gendered patterns of political representation? We examine the long-term effects of a watershed conflict of the twentieth century: the Khmer Rouge genocide, during which 50–70% of Cambodia’s working-age men were killed. Using original data on mass killings and economic and political conditions in Cambodian communes, we find that genocide exposure is positively associated with women’s economic advancement and present-day indicators of women’s representation in local-level elected office. We conduct in-depth, ethnographic interviews with genocide survivors to explore the mechanisms by which violence spurred women into elected office. A crucial finding emerges: In areas that suffered the genocide’s worst killings, widows obtained economic autonomy, providing a template for the economic advancement of women in households maintaining conventional gender roles. The shift in norms regarding the sexual division of labor created intra-communal and intergen...

As artificial intelligence (AI) systems become more sophisticated and play a larger role in society, arguments that they should have some form of legal personality gain credence. The arguments are typically framed in instrumental terms, with comparisons to juridical persons such as corporations. Implicit in those arguments, or explicit in their illustrations and examples, is the idea that as AI systems approach the point of indistinguishability from humans they should be entitled to a status comparable to natural persons. This article contends that although most legal systems could create a novel category of legal persons, such arguments are insufficient to show that they should.

The 2017 volume of Yale's Global Constitutionalism Seminar, a part of the Gruber Program for Global Justice and Women's Rights, Reconstituting Constitutional Orders (co-edited by Judith Resnik and Clare Ryan) inquires into the authority exercised by constitutional courts and reflects on the political and legal shifts that have taken place over the course of 2016-2017. The first chapter, focused on Brexit and its immediate aftermath, is emblematic of a reconstitution of political-legal orders and provides a backdrop for the chapters to follow. Chapter II, Democratic Authority, Executive Prerogatives, and the Courts, considers how, within given polities, courts respond to claims that the outcomes or structures of democratic processes are unlawful. Chapter III, Disassociation, reflects on disengagement efforts across the globe. Courts have been called upon to examine the domestic processes required to authorize withdrawal and to decide what role (if any) international law plays...

1 is Associate Professor at the University of the West of England, Department of Organisation Studies. He was Dean of the College of Business at the Kazakhstan Institute of Management, Economics and Strategic Research (KIMEP), 2006-2007. He has a PhD ...

Abstract: This paper responds to the question posed in the announcement of the conference at Brooklyn Law School at which it was presented: if and how [the inquiry into the reliability of proffered scientific testimony mandated by Daubert] relates to 'truth,' and whose view of the truth should prevail. The first step is to sketch the legal history leading up to Daubert, and to explore some of the difficulties Daubert brought in its wake; the next, to develop an account of truth in the sciences that combines a full acknowledgment of the fallibility and incompleteness of the scientific enterprise with a robustly objective conception of truth - which helps us understand why the legal system often gets less than the best out of science; and finally, exploring the concept of legal truth, to show how false scientific clams sometimes get entrenched as legally reliable.

© 2021 Soniya Shetty et al. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. Abstract Probiotics are defined as nonpathogenic living microorganisms, that have beneficial effects on host health. The most important and frequently used functional food compounds are probiotics and fermented foods. Functional foods have numerous beneficial nutritional effects. Probiotics dairy foods, idli, dhokla, pickles etc are traditional Indian foods that beneficially affect the host. They improve survival and implantation of live microbial supplements. In our study, probiotics were isolated from Fermented Idli batter. There is a difference observed in the pH of fermented idli batter. It decreases from 6 to 4.3-...

Work and personal life are the two sides of coin; one cannot separate both of them and has to give time and efforts to both. But to meet the requirements for one, other side remains deficient. Multiple responsibilities need efforts, energy and time. Both male and females experience the problem in managing both work and family obligations. This research focuses on organizational factors that impact on the work life balance and study the impacts of work demands on the personal life and vice versa. Organizations are drafting the policies to balance the lives of employees; different methods are suggested in this paper to improve the balance and to provide a healthy environment for work and life.

Set in Ohio, the north side of America, the tone in The Bluest Eye features post-colonial treatment to its central character, Pecola Breedlove. This paper discusses how she experiences a sense of being completely ruined after she is raped by her father, and her quest for the blue eyes meets merely untrue ideas. The plot, as described in the paper, provides a post-colonial background of two racial conflicts regarding the blackness, and the white beauty in America. This paper critically draws on the idea of physical whiteness as being the only American standard of beauty while Pecola’s physical ugliness draws on how black people get seriously marginalized for their blackness of their own bodies. The storyline progresses to show how Pecola‟s tragedy becomes the central theme regarding the issue of seeing, and of being seen. The paper presents a binary opposite through the portrayal of black Pecola on one side, and Mary Janes, or Shirley Temple on the other. Consequently, the conflicts ...

In June 2015, the Supreme Court handed down its decision in Texas Department of Housing and Community Affairs v. The Inclusive Communities Project, Inc., upholding the use of disparate impact theory in cases brought under the Fair Housing Act. The opinion also contains language affirming the law’s commitment to advance residential integration. In light of the fears about what the Court might have done, the recent ruling has been cause for relief, yet fair housing advocates should be wary, because the majority also offered guidance about how many of these cases should be reviewed on the merits – and it is not favorably. In particular, the Court cautioned against allowing disparate impact claims to interfere with the complex, multifactor decisions of housing developers and municipal officials when they seek to improve neighborhoods and housing conditions, even when such decisions exacerbate or entrench segregated patterns. In disparate impact cases the analysis almost always turns on ...

A transformative, integrated, and holistic approach to sustainability is necessary to reach a prosperous future for all. With growing inequality in the world, demographic change, rapid technological development, and 40% of the world’s population with no access to digital technology, access to digital technology for all and, ultimately, having a prosperous future is a must today. Doing so will give a voice to the voiceless. For that, governments, companies, and transnational institutions should invest as much as possible to make it happen and provide solutions that are rules-based, inclusive, innovative, disruptive, and simple. We the citizens should push for this human right to materialize. That way, everyone will benefit and no one will fall behind. Access to energy, mitigating climate change, and benefiting from international trade and investment all can be achieved thanks to technological advancement. These global challenges are complex, interconnected, multidimensional, interdep...

Objectives. Infodemics of false information on social media is a growing societal problem, aggravated by the occurrence of the COVID-19 pandemic. The development of infodemics has characteristic resemblances to epidemics of infectious diseases. This paper presents several methodologies which aim to measure the extent and development of infodemics through the lens of epidemiology. Methods. Time varying R was used as a measure for the infectiousness of the infodemic, topic modeling was used to create topic clouds and topic similarity heat maps, while network analysis was used to create directed and undirected graphs to identify super-spreader and multiple carrier communities on social media. Results. Forty-two (42) latent topics were discovered. Reproductive trends for a specific topic were observed to have significantly higher peaks (Rt 4-5) than general misinformation (Rt 1-3). From a sample of social media misinformation posts, a total of 385 groups and 804 connections were found w...

Big data and technological change have enabled loyalty programs to become more prevalent and complex. How these developments influence society has been overlooked, both in academic research and in practice. We argue why this issue is important and propose a framework to refocus loyalty programs in the era of big data through a societal lens. We focus on three aspects of the societal lens—inequality, privacy, and sustainability. We discuss how loyalty programs in the big data era impact each of these societal factors, and then illustrate how, by adopting this societal lens paradigm, researchers and practitioners can generate insights and ideas that address the challenges and opportunities that arise from the interaction between loyalty programs and society. Our goal is to broaden the perspectives of researchers and managers so they can enhance loyalty programs to address evolving societal needs.

© 2021 African Journal of Biological Sciences. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. Abstract Composts and biochar improve soil fertility and also suppress fungal soil-borne diseases through their ability to promote beneficial microbial communities. The study sought to determine the mechanisms through which biochar and vermicompost suppress root rot pathogens. Extracts of biochar and vermicompost were used for spore germination, mycelial growth tests at different concentrations. To assess the ability of biochar and vermicompost to adsorb signaling molecules from bean, root and seed exudates were filtered through biochar and vermicompost. Antagonistic activity of Trichoderma harzianum...

With the transposition into national laws of Directive 2014/95/UE on disclosure of non-financial information by large companies, the social and environmental responsibility has taken onnew significance in the recent accounting debate. This paper moves in particular from the develop-ments of that topic in Italian Ragioneria and in French Comptabilite coming to propose a generalistapproach to the business reporting embracing both kinds of information, financial and not financial.From an historical point of view the theme of social and environmental responsibility has been pro-gressively developed in the twentieth century on Italian and French research getting more and moreimportance. Correspondently the non-financial reporting topic has been increasingly treated from oneside as an evolution or extension while from the other side in opposition to the already consolidatedfinancial reporting. Only a minor attention has been paid to the general concept of reporting. The firstpart of this ...

The authors focus on three critical areas of future research on regulatory fit. First, they focus on how regulatory orientation is sustained. The authors argue that there are two distinct approaches that bring about the “just-right feeling”: (1) a process-based approach that involves the interaction between regulatory orientation and decision-making processes and (2) an outcome-based approach that involves the interaction between regulatory orientation and the framed outcomes offered. Second, the authors discuss possible boundary conditions of regulatory fit effects, highlighting the apparent paradoxical role of involvement. They suggest that the antecedents that give rise to regulatory fit (e.g., lowered motivation) can differ from its consequences (e.g., increased motivation). Third, the authors discuss broader implications of regulatory fit, proposing three possible mechanisms by which regulatory fit can lead to improved physical health and discussing the degree to which the just...

This article primarily aimed to examine the level of influence by Perceived Person Environment Fit Scale (PPEFS) on Employees’ Turnover Intention with their present employers through analyzing the predictors of Perceived Person-Environment Fit Scale (PPEFS), i.e. Person-Supervisor Fit Scale (PSFS), Person-Group Fit Scale (PGFS), PersonOrganization Fit Scale (POFS) and Person-Job Fit Scale (PJFS). Data are collected from 332 employees, has been tested with KMO sampling adequacy (0.862) and Bartlett’s sphericity test (p = 0.000). Data Analysis has been done through Descriptive Statistics, Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), Friedman Rank Test and Structural Equation Model. Results were revealed that the PPEFS is significantly predicted by PSFS, PGFS, POFS and PJFS. Further, results were revealed that Perceived Person-Environment Fit Scale is influencing Employees’ Turnover Intention with their present employers.