Slavic Archaeology

Kniha byla vydána roku 1989 v Praze  / The book was published in 1989 in Prague.

Drazí kolegové, tato kniha je umístěna kvůli jejímu  mimořádnému významu při porozumění archeologii Čech a její špatné dostupnosti zahraničním vědcům a studentům. Naléhavě Vás prosíme, abyste respektovali autorská práva autora a vydavatele. Děkujeme --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Dear colleagues, this book is placed because of its importance in understanding the archaeology of Bohemia and its poor availability to foreign scientists and students. We urge you to respect the copyrights of author and publishers. Thank you

The study was published in the Proceedings of the Faculty of Philosophy of the University of Brno. C. History Series. 1955, Vol. 4
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Die Studie wurde in den Proceedings der Philosophischen Fakultät der Universität Brno veröffentlicht. C. Geschichte Serie. 1955 Vol. 4

Casimir III the Great (Polish: Kazimierz III Wielki; 30 April 1310 – 5 November 1370) reigned as the King of Poland from 1333 to 1370. He was the third son of King Władysław I ("the Elbow-high") and Duchess Jadwiga of Kalisz, and the last Polish king from the Piast dynasty.
Kazimierz inherited a kingdom weakened by war and made it prosperous and wealthy. He reformed the Polish army and doubled the size of the kingdom. He reformed the judicial system and introduced a legal code, gaining the title "the Polish Justinian". Kazimierz built extensively and founded the University of Kraków, the oldest Polish university. He also confirmed privileges and protections previously granted to Jews and encouraged them to settle in Poland in great numbers.
Kazimierz left no lawful male heir to his throne, producing only daughters. When Kazimierz died in 1370 from an injury received while hunting, his nephew, King Louis I of Hungary, succeeded him as king of Poland in personal union with Hungary.
When Kazimierz attained the throne in 1333, his position was in danger, as his neighbours did not recognise his title and instead called him "king of Kraków". The kingdom was depopulated and exhausted by war, and the economy was ruined. In 1335, in the Treaty of Trentschin, Casimir was forced to relinquish his claims to Silesia "in perpetuity".
Kazimierz rebuilt and his kingdom became prosperous and wealthy, with great prospects for the future. He waged many victorious wars and doubled the size of the kingdom, mostly through addition of lands in modern-day Ukraine (then called the Duchy of Halych). Kazimierz built extensively during his reign, ordering the construction of over 40 castles, including many castles along the Trail of the Eagle's Nests, and he reformed the Polish army.
At the Sejm in Wiślica, on 11 March 1347, Kazimierz introduced reforms to the Polish judicial system and sanctioned civil and criminal codes for Great and Lesser Poland, earning the title "the Polish Justinian". He founded the University of Kraków, the oldest Polish University, and he organized a meeting of kings in Kraków in 1364 at which he exhibited the wealth of the Polish kingdom.
Succession
In 1355, in Buda, Kazimierz designated his nephew Louis I of Hungary as his successor should he produce no male heir, as his father had with Charles I of Hungary to gain his help against Bohemia. In exchange Kazimierz gained a favourable Hungarian attitude, needed in disputes with the hostile Teutonic Order and Kingdom of Bohemia. Kazimierz at the time was still in his early years and having a son did not seem to be a problem (he already had a few children).
Kazimierz left no legal son, however, begetting five daughters instead. He tried to adopt his grandson, Casimir IV, Duke of Pomerania, in his last will. The child had been born to his second daughter, Elisabeth, Duchess of Pomerania, in 1351. This part of the testament was invalidated by Louis I of Hungary, however, who had traveled to Kraków quickly after Kazimierz died and bribed the nobles with future privileges. Kazimierz III had a son-in-law, Louis VI of Bavaria, Margrave and Prince-elector of Brandenburg, who was considered a possible successor, but he was deemed ineligible as his wife, Kazimierz's daughter Cunigunde, had died in 1357 without issue.
Thus King Louis I of Hungary became successor in Poland. Louis was proclaimed king upon Kazimierz's death in 1370, though Kazimierz's sister Elisabeth (Louis's mother) held much of the real power until her death in 1380.

Under sommaren 2016 undersökte Arkeologerna ett markstycke intill Abbekås Golfklubb. En boplats från järnåldern, med huvudsaklig datering i vendel- och vikingatid, dokumenterades.
  Bland annat identifierades ett drygt 10-tal stolpbyggda hus och tre grophus. Bland fyndmaterialet utmärker sig en pärla, nålar, vävtyngder, ett gripverktyg, samt slavisk Feldberg- och Fresendorfkeramik. Denna keramiktyp förekom i Polen och den norra delen av Tyskland under 700–900-talen e.Kr. Oftast framträder den i våra trakter på marknads- och handelsplatser, exempelvis i Löddeköpinge, Åhus och inte minst Birka.
  Sedan tidigare är flera grophusbebyggelser med slavisk keramik kända i närheten av Abbekås. Dessa utgörs av fyra boplatser belägna på höjdplatåer utmed Skivarpsån. Det måste betraktas som anmärkningsvärt att vi finner slavisk keramik på fyra närbelägna platser, som alla är situerade i ett kommunikativt gynnsamt och kustnära läge, i direkt anslutning till Skivarpsån och inte långt från Dybäcksån. Framförallt gällande äldre järnålder har området kring de båda åarna pekats ut som en centralbygd, med en lång rad iögonfallande och prestigefyllda fynd, vilka antyder närvaron av en stark politisk makt. Även om belägg för en liknande funktion även under yngre järnålder är få, så utmärker sig tre brakteater, ett rikt ornerat vikingatida svärdshandtag och talrika runstenar. Väger vi därtill in ovannämnda grophusbebyggelse kan vi i alla fall slå fast att området, under yngre järnålder, hyst någon form av aristokrati som bör ha intagit betydande positioner i bygdens politiska maktstruktur.

System of Slavic calendar created on old Aryan astronomy and mathematical system 60. Work show all astronomical body's who influenced yearly procession of festival. It show  how division of year on 28 lunar mansion influenced in order of festivals during the year with four corner of the world. Also identified the astronomical connections with planets and gods. For a first time full reading of Zbruh idol ....

Pred okvirno 70 leti je v drugi oziroma tretji številki Zgodovinskega časopisa potekala vroča diskusija, ki še danes ni razrešena. Gre za eno najbolj perečih vprašanj arheologije v Sloveniji, to je problem staroslovanskega svetišča na Ptuju. Avtor predstavi pester potek odkritja zloglasnega objekta v »podivjanih« povojnih letih v Jugoslaviji med velikimi arheološkimi izkopavanji na zahodnem platoju ptujskega gradu. Izkopavanja postavi v širši okvir povojne gradnje države in nacije (Jugoslovanov), ko so tudi arheologi in zgodovinarji pomagali postavljati novo državo na nove temelje.

Do tej pory pokutuje w oficjalnej nauce pogląd o niepiśmienności Słowian przed misją braci Cyryla i Metodego. Ale, co ciekawe, ten sam osąd dotyczył także do niedawna ludów germańskich, z czego obecnie już się wycofano, pozostawiając jedynie Słowian w absurdalnej pustce niepiśmiennictwa wczesnego średniowiecza, choć taki R. Page w swej popularnej pracy o runach jeszcze pisze: Powszechnie uważa się, że plemiona germańskie były niepiśmienne aż do chrystianizacji, kiedy to Kościół przyniósł im naukę chrześcijańskiego Rzymu; kiedy nauczył je zarówno czytać i pisać, jak i co to jest grzech i pokuta. Twierdzenie to, chociaż zasadniczo prawdziwe, zawiera w sobie _pewne uproszczenie. Niektóre ludy germańskie miały swój własny sposób pisania, z charakterystycznym alfabetem nazwanym runicznym, którego litery zwane są runami. Obecnie wiemy, że runy stanowią zapis wczesnych stadiów rozwoju języków gockiego, duńskiego, szwedzkiego, norweskiego, angielskiego, fryzyjskiego, frankijskiego i różnych języków plemion środkowych Niemiec oraz że być może służyły innym językom germańskim, nie pozostawiwszy żadnego, widocznego śladu do dziś. Według danych archeologicznych najstarsze istniejące runy są datowane na drugi wiek e.ch. Pismo to funkcjonowało w niektórych regionach poprzez wieki średnie, aż do wczesnych czasów nowożytnych.

Cóż można do tego dodać, chyba jedynie to, że taki znany runolog Page – nie wiedzieć czemu – zapomniał wymienić Słowian, jako tych, którzy bez żadnych wątpliwości także używali pisma runicznego, o czym zapewne musiał wiedzieć, a świadczą o tym niezbicie znajdywane artefakty, kroniki i relacje historyczne. Niestety wszystko wskazuje na to, że jest to kolejny przykład niezrozumiałej manipulacji faktami, przypominający politykę historyczną z czarnego okresu dziejów Europy.

Dodatek: czcionka TTF Runy_slowianskie do pisania w Wordzie http://marek-medrzak.pl/runy_slowianskie_kosinski.7z

Ivangorodsky Kostiantyn. The Ethnic History of East Slavs in the contemporary historiography (Ukrainian, Belarusian and Russian discourses).
In the study are analyzed modern historiographic discourses of Ukraine, Russia and Belarus, devoted to the ethnic history of Eastern Slavs communities during the pre-Mongol era.  Exactly scientific analysis of that problem is of great importance on the background of the great pressure of ideologies and political engagement, including the absence of such a historiographic study (especially based on a broad comparative approach) until now. We have established that for now in all the historiography, mentioned above, are dominated the models of the Slavs’ ethnic history, constructed in the Soviet era.
In the study have been found out the state of that topic scientific development, its factual priorities, has been formed representative base of sources, have been developed the conceptual and methodological foundations of the research, has been determined the theoretical specificity of ethno-historical reconstruction, taking into account the main trends in the development of modern ethnological science.
Also have been characterized the source study approaches in the newest Ukrainian, Belarusian and Russian historiographies, and have been traced the potential of the corresponding verification of sources by historians in the course of «east-slavic» ethnic history study. Described theoretical and methodological models and the difficulties of their application in the ethnohistorical reconstructions of Eastern Slavic communities offered by modern researchers, are convinced us in the urgent need for a radical improvement in this segment of the entire post-Soviet humanities.
A detailed analysis of available sources, as well as outlining the weaknesses in theory, methodology and terminology that are involved in solving the problem, allowed us to reveal more deeply the essence of the latest concepts of the Eastern Slavic communities ethnic history  proposed by modern Ukrainian, Belarusian and Russian scholars, to identify the main research strategy in this area, synchronously comparing the development of the corresponding historical thought in the designated national historiography areas.
According to Soviet tradition, archaeologists pay most attention to the Eastern Slavs communities ethnic history in modern post-Soviet historiographs. Although in the Belarusian discourse this problem is covered rather fragmentary and often depends on the specific scientific explored object of one or another archaeologist – usually from a certain archaeological culture associated with ethnogenesis and early East Slavic ethnic history. In general, modern Belarusian historiography cannot yet boast of any conceptual achievements in the field of Eastern Slavs ethnic history reconstruction, including the Belarusians ethnogenesis.
The most developed and popular, but at the same time extremely debatable, schematized and biased in modern Russian historiography is the V. Sedov concept. His controversial hypotheses receive many criticisms and refutations in the framework of «east-slavic» historiography. It does not stand up to criticism his apologeticism regarding the so-called «Old-Rus’ nationality», which the scientist seeks to prove (completely arbitrarily) solely on archaeological materials.
Most of the modern Ukrainian historiography versions of this problem study are also represented primarily by archaeologists. But it is worth to note, that within the framework of historical and ethnological reconstructions  of Eastern Slavs ethnic history, represented by Ukrainian experts, there are more variability of concepts and hypotheses, compared with similar discourses in Belarus and Russia. Although, as in the last two, the “nationalized” approach is also dominant in Ukrainian.

This book is devoted to the Old Rus’ dress of the Upper Volga area, as gleaned from the archaeological evidence of the burial sites.
The organic remains of dress and metal and glass ornaments and fasteners are considered. Issues such as the social status and age of the buried individuals, as well as the influence of various ethnic groups (including East Slavic groups, Finno-Ugric tribes and the Balts ) on the dress of the Old Rus’, are addressed through the study of variants of male and female headdresses, clothes and accessories. Furthermore, a detailed study of the evolution of the headdress and the structure of jewelry from the late 10th century to the 13th century is offered.

Kniha byla vydána roku 1977 v Praze /The book was published in 1977 in Prague.

Drazí kolegové, tato kniha je umístěna kvůli jejímu  mimořádnému významu při porozumění archeologii Čech a její špatné dostupnosti zahraničním vědcům a studentům. Naléhavě Vás prosíme, abyste respektovali autorská práva autora a vydavatele. Děkujeme --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Dear colleagues, this book is placed because of its importance in understanding the archaeology of Bohemia and its poor availability to foreign scientists and students. We urge you to respect the copyrights of author and publishers. Thank you

Kniha byla vydána v Praze roku 1973 v serii Studie Archeologického ústavu AV ČR Brno, ročník 1/1973 Svazek 3 / The book was published in Prague in 1973 in the series of the Study of the Archaeological Institute of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Volume 1/1973, numer 3.