Positive Psychology

Self-control is regarded as one’s capacity to change and adapt the self to have a better and optimal fit between self and the world. In this way, self-control is one of the most important and beneficial processes in personality structure. However, there are individual differences in people’s capacity for self-control. People with high self-control and low self-control structure their worlds in different ways. In this manner, there is a need to evaluate people’s self-control with a valid and reliable assessment instrument. The study which has been done to fulfill that need aims to determine the validity and reliability for Turkey of self-control schedule developed by Rosenbaum (1980). At the end of the study, it has been found out that the schedule consists of three dimensions and it is valid and reliable for Turkish society.

Kisisel Gelisim Olcegi-Revize Turkce Versiyonunun Gecerlik ve   Guvenirlik Calismasi Ozet  Amac:  Bu calismanin amaci; kadinlara yonelik gelistirilmis olan Kisisel Gelisim Olcegi-Revize’nin (KGO-R) Turkce’ye cevrilmesi, gecerlilik ve guvenirlik calismasinin yapilmasidir.  Gerec ve Yontem: Calismada KGO-R dil ve yapi gecerliligi yapilmistir. Calismaya baslamadan once yapilan guc analizi (%80.181 gucle) sonucu belirlenen, 63 engelli cocuga sahip kadina uygulanmistir. Dil gecerliligi icin; Worell ve Remer tarafindan (2003) yilinda yayinlanan, ardindan Johnson vd., (2005) tarafindan revize edilen KGO-R kriterleri, sosyal hizmet doktora egitimine sahip 2 uzman tarafindan bagimsiz olarak Turkce’ye cevrilmis ve MT’nin liderliginde son haline getirilmistir. Dil esdegerliligi amaciyla, Turkce uyarlamasi yapilan KGO-R maddeleri profesyonel bir tercuman  tarafindan kontrol edilmis, duzeltmeler yapilmistir. Son hali verilen KGO-R maddeleri, tekrar geri cevirme yontemi kullanilarak uzman tercuma...

The Minangnese are an ethnic group in Indonesia that reside in West Sumatra. It has characterized by an emphasis on harmony in all aspects of life. Despite this emphasis, the Minangnese recognize that conflict is a natural occurrence. The study aimed to investigate the effect of religiosity and interpersonal attachment on forgiveness through agreeableness and neuroticism in the Minangnese ethnicity.  Minangnese ethnic participants were selected by considering the following criteria, namely citizens of and living in West Sumatra Province, claimed to be Minangnese people, Muslim, and living in West Sumatra Province for the last 10 years. Using a stratified cluster random sampling method, 205 Minangnese individuals were recruited and administered five questionnaires to assess forgiveness, agreeableness, neuroticism, religiosity, and interpersonal attachment. The results indicated that religiosity had a significant influence on forgiveness in the Minangnese ethnicity, with this influenc...

Noteworthy transformation of organization design has been observed globally during the past few decades. Distinctive cultural context in each geographic region and industry require a different structure of the organization to function well. Moreover, increasing competition in the rapidly changing business landscape nowadays presents significant challenges for organization restructuring for improved outcomes and performance. Growing transformation around team structure has captured the focal attention of academics and professionals in various cultural contexts and industries. Leading global conglomerates utilize team structure as part of their structure beneficial to improve the company’s performance. This research intends to develop entrepreneurial mindset, employee motivation and interpersonal communication skills to achieve higher performance teams through the organizational development interventions (ODIs) for the selected engineering services company. The ODIs were implemented d...

[This essay first appeared on the LA Progressive website on 11/7/2024.] For many progressives and other critics of Donald Trump keeping hope alive will be difficult after our 2024 election. But we all must try. In the past such progressive leaders as Martin Luther King, Jr., Jesse Jackson, Nelson Mandela, and Barack Obama have urged us to “keep hope alive.” In addition, psychologists and philosophers have told us that hope is good for us. To maintain our hopes we should remember: 1) Almost half of our voters opposed Trump (about 47 % voted for Harris); 2)  Many of those who voted for Trump were more confused than evil; 3) As Harris suggested in her concession speech, Trump’s election victory is only one battle in a long struggle over the direction of our country; 4) The future of our country is still open-ended, with results depending partly on how we all react to Trump’s proposed policies; and 5) The values and justice we progressives fight for, especially regarding climate change, are just too important, especially for younger people, to abandon. Work, persistence, and patience should be our watchwords.

The quality of individuals’ social relationships consistently predicts greater well-being. But little is known about the relative importance of different relationship types for life satisfaction, including the relative importance of friendships compared to other types of relationships. Some have theorized that one intimate relationship is all you need. However, romantic partners, family, and friends may contribute uniquely or interactively to well-being. The current study assessed life satisfaction and relationship satisfaction in survey data collected from a large, diverse sample of respondents. Satisfaction with each type of relationship was significantly and independently associated with life satisfaction, over and above other variables in the model. Friendship (not family) interacted with intimate relationships: when respondents were highly satisfied with their intimate relationships, they were happy with their lives regardless of friendship quality. But when they were unhappy w...

Research shows a decline in U.S. adolescent mental health over several decades. It also suggests that higher levels of life satisfaction lead to better mental health outcomes in this population. The purpose of this study was to investigate correlations between adolescent life satisfaction and eight developmental attributes that can be fostered by families and educators —curiosity, creativity, empathy, integrity, resilience, resourcefulness, self-awareness, and sociability. Correlations were also examined for grade-point average (GPA), gender, and grade level. The study hypothesized that young people who rated themselves highly on the eight developmental attributes would also score higher in life satisfaction, regardless of GPA. Quantitative survey research was used to investigate the correlations between these constructs and life satisfaction in U.S. eighth and ninth graders (N = 602) attending public schools in two Midwestern states. Self-awareness, resilience, and resourcefulness were most highly correlated with life satisfaction. Moderately strong correlations were obtained for sociability, curiosity, and integrity. GPA and empathy were the lowest correlates of life satisfaction among measured factors. Adolescent males were almost twice as likely to report very high life satisfaction compared to their female counterparts. These findings should expand the goals of family–school partnerships beyond raising academic performance to insure that all children enjoy the relationships and relational experiences that help them attain life satisfaction and more positive mental health outcomes.

This study investigated the efficacy of a school-based intervention (8 sessions of 45 min) based on mindfulness and character strengths use (i.e., “Think Happy-Be Happy”). A quasi-experimental study, including assessments at baseline, post-intervention (i.e., one week after the intervention), and follow-up (i.e., six months after the intervention) was performed. Results at post-intervention revealed that adolescents who participated in all intervention sessions experienced significantly increased well-being (i.e., emotional, psychological, and social well-being) and decreased hyperactivity/inattention symptoms and peer-related problems compared to adolescents who did not participate in the intervention. The “intention to treat” analyses showed that adolescents who started the intervention, regardless of the number of sessions they attended, experienced significantly decreased hyperactivity/inattention symptoms compared to adolescents who did not participate in the intervention. Howe...

Results are reported from a study examining the association between subdimensions of trait gratitude (appreciation of others, sense of abundance, and simple appreciation, SGRAT, Thomas and Watkins 2003) and daily life affective processing, in order to respond to the acknowledged need for further research on how trait gratitude may contribute to our well-being. Using experience sampling methodology actual momentary experiences of positive and negative affect were measured on 7 consecutive days in a sample of 106 respondents (63 women and 43 men, varying in age from 18 to 65 years). Multilevel regression analyses revealed that only sense of abundance was significantly associated with momentary experiences of positive affect (positive association) and negative affect (negative association) in daily life. Our findings add to the theoretical understanding of the underlying pathway of the association between trait gratitude and well-being and provide a practical starting point for gratitu...

The growing recognition that happiness and well-being are intertwined with sustainability is leading to new opportunities for enhancing happiness and well-being, sustainably. The education sector has a critical role in advancing this work but has been slow to incorporate sustainability education and applications of positive psychology. The concept of sustainable happiness (happiness that contributes to individual, community and/or global well-being without exploiting other people, the environment or future generations) (O’Brien, 2010a) offers an innovative perspective to re-invigorate sustainability education and shape priorities for 21st century learning – contributing to resilient, sustainable happiness and well-being for all.

Regarding nursing students, the anxiety factors during their formation period and the specificities of clinical teachings, some research show that the aspects related with the clinical context or the relationship with the patients often bring anxiety to the student. Besides the situations being complex and problematic, the students themselves feel that they are continuously being evaluated, and from there arises the problem of anxiety referred by many students in the context of clinical practice.

Background There are hundreds of mindfulness-based interventions in the form of structured and unstructured therapies, trainings, and meditation programs, mostly utilized in a clinical rather than a well-being perspective. The number of empirical studies on positive potentials of mindfulness is comparatively less, and their known status in academia is ambiguous. Hence, the current paper aimed to review the studies where mindfulness-based interventions had integrated positive psychology variables, in order to produce positive functioning. Methods Data were obtained from the databases of PubMed, Scopus, and PsycNet and manual search in Google Scholar. From the 3831 articles, irrelevant or inaccessible studies were eliminated, reducing the number of final articles chosen for review to 21. Interventions that contribute to enhancement of eudaimonia, hedonia, and other positive variables are discussed. Results Findings include the potential positive qualities of MBIs in producing specific...

This short communication explores the role of emotional resilience in the employability of nurses, utilizing Robert Sternberg’s Triangular Theory of Love to offer a distinctive perspective. This paper proposes that the components of love—intimacy, passion, and commitment— can be metaphorically associated with the qualities essential for resilience in nursing. It argues that these elements enhance nurses’ ability to handle the demands of their profession, thereby supporting their employability and well-being. The strategies highlighted include strengthening emotional support networks (intimacy), fostering engagement (passion), and promoting professional dedication (commitment). Applying Sternberg’s theory in this context provides a novel approach to understanding the intricacies of emotional resilience in the nursing field, suggesting that deeper emotional engagement in one’s work is vital for a resilient and fulfilling career.

Two groups of male inmates ( n = 31, n = 31) participated in the Positive Re-Entry in Corrections Program (PRCP). This positive psychology intervention focused on teaching offenders skills that facilitate re-entry into the community. Offenders participated in weekly lectures, discussions, and homework assignments focused on positive psychology principles. The two groups differed in duration of treatment (8 weeks and 12 weeks). Participants completed pre- and post-intervention measures of gratitude, hope, and life satisfaction. Using a 2 × 2 mixed design ANOVA, we hypothesized that the intervention (with two between-subjects levels of 8 and 12 weeks) and duration (with two repeated measures levels of pre and post) of treatment would moderate pre- to post-intervention change. Results indicated significant differences on pre- and post-intervention scores for both groups of offenders on all measures. The analysis did not yield statistically significant differences between groups, demons...

The overall purpose of this study was to create a model of positive youth development (PYD) through sport grounded in the extant qualitative literature. More specifically, the first objective was to review and evaluate qualitative studies of PYD in sport. The second objective was to analyze and synthesize findings from these studies. Following record identification and screening, 63 articles were retained for analysis. Meta-method analysis revealed strengths of studies were the use of multiple data collection and validity techniques, which produced high-quality data. Weaknesses were limited use of 'named' methodologies and inadequate reporting of sampling procedures. Philosophical perspectives were rarely reported, and theory was used sparingly. Results of an inductive meta-data analysis produced three categories: PYD climate (adult relationships, peer relationships, and parental involvement), life skills program focus (life skill building activities and transfer activities)...

The main purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between hope, intolerance of uncertainty and resilience levels in parents having disability children, and also to make a comparison of the levels of hope, intolerance of uncertainty and resilience between parents having disability children and parents having normal children. With ease of accessibility sampling, parents having disability children (Ndis=174) and parents having normal children (Nnor=99) from Kütahya were selected to gather data. 220 participants were female, while 53 were male (Ntotal=273). In this research, the Integrative Hope Scale, Intolerance of Uncertainty Scale and Resilience Appraisal Scale were applied in order to determine the levels of hope, intolerance of uncertainty and resilience of the parents. As a result, the parents having disability children were observed to have higher levels of intolerance of uncertainty and lower levels of hope and resilience than parents having normal children. Moreove...

Resumen Los grupos de psicoterapia constituyen una de las modalidades de intervención más eficaces para la mejora de la calidad de vida de las mu-jeres con cáncer de mama. Pero, además de los contenidos, en una dinámica grupal se dan otro tipo de procesos que pueden influir en la efica-cia de la intervención. El objetivo del presente estudio es conocer más a fondo los microproce-sos de ayuda y no ayuda según la percepción de las propias pacientes. Los principales resultados de este estudio con una muestra de 50 pacien-tes muestran que los aspectos de ayuda percibi-dos como más significativos tienen que ver con los componentes relacionales del propio grupo así como con el establecimiento de una buena alianza terapéutica, mientras que la percepción de no ayuda se asocia sobretodo a la excesiva individualidad y objetivos no compartidos. Los resultados obtenidos permiten también señalar otros factores relevantes para una intervención eficaz. Palabras clave: Psicoterapia de grupo, aspec-...

Positive psychology and coaching psychology share a number of common themes and fundamental assumptions. Blending positive psychology, strengths approaches and coaching psychology, our work in strengths coaching with leaders enhances both leadership and organisational capability. In this article, we explore the role of leaders as climate engineers and provide a brief history of strengths approaches, together with definitions of what we mean by strengths and strengths coaching, and how we use these in practice. We introduce the integrative Realise2 model of strengths and weaknesses which distinguishes between the six areas of realised strengths, unrealised strengths, regular learned behaviours, infrequent learned behaviours, exposed weaknesses, and unexposed weaknesses, before going on to demonstrate how leaders can make weaknesses irrelevant through role shaping, complementary partnering, strengths-based team-working or personal development. We examine the golden mean of strengths u...

Tese de mestrado, Psicologia (Secção de Psicologia da Educação e da Orientação), Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Psicologia, 2016Este estudo teve como objetivos conhecer as barreiras de carreira percebidas e as crenças facilitadoras de empregabilidade em alunos de cursos profissionais de nível secundário, bem como explorar de que forma é que estas se relacionam. Participaram neste estudo 103 estudantes (42 rapazes e 59 raparigas), com idades entre os 15 e os 20 anos, do 10º ano de cursos profissionais, duma escola do distrito de Setúbal. Os estudantes preencheram um questionário de dados pessoais, o Inventário de Perceção de Barreiras de Carreira (IPBC; Cardoso, 2009) e o Inventário sobre Crenças de Carreira e Empregabilidade (ICEB; Barros, 2013). Os resultados relativos às barreiras percebidas demonstram que o assédio sexual no trabalho, a incompatibilidade do horário trabalho-estudos, a falta de autoconfiança geral e a precariedade dos contratos laborais, bem como as limitaçõ...

Evidence from recent studies has shown that sustained perseverance and passion for long-term goals in the domain of second language (L2) learning-a personality trait called L2 grit-is associated with various aspects of language learning, including positive psychological attributes (e.g. motivation, beliefs, and emotions), actions (e.g. learning efforts and strategy use), and achievement (e.g. course and task performance). Meanwhile, relatively little has been written about the mechanism through which such relationships emerge. Expanding upon L2 grit's association with self-regulated learning (SRL) behaviors and SRL-related psychological variables, this study explores the development of L2 grit and its role in language achievement using the SRL framework. One hundred and eight English majors in Japan responded to a questionnaire, granted permission to access their L2 class records, and completed a standardized L2 test. The main findings include: (1) the psychological attributes that facilitate SRL may play a critical role in increasing levels of L2 grit, (2) the relationship between L2 grit and achievement in language classes was mediated by behavioral self-regulation (intensified learning efforts), and (3) L2 grit may promote different types of self-regulatory behaviors depending on learners' status (i.e. learning experience and proficiency levels) and learning situations (e.g. learning content and goals). The results provide one explanation for the superior performance of gritty learners in L2 classes observed in previous studies.