Pediatric Cardiology

The mitral annular plane systolic excursion (MAPSE) is a quick and reliable echocardiographic tool for assessing longitudinal left ventricular (LV) systolic function in children and adults. Because this parameter is affected by the LV longitudinal dimension, pediatric and adult normal values are not suitable for preterm and term neonates. A prospective study investigated a large group of preterm and term neonates [gestational age (GA), 26/0-6 to 40/0-6; birth weight (BW), 670-4,140 g]. The growth- and BW-related changes in MAPSE were determined to establish normal z-score values for preterm and term neonates. The MAPSE ranged from a mean of 0.36 ± 0.05 cm in preterm neonates with a GA of 26/0-6 to 0.56 ± 0.08 cm in term neonates with a GA of 40/0-6. The findings showed MAPSE, GA, and BW to be moderately correlated. Pearson's correlation coefficient was 0.56 for GA (MAPSE; p < 0.001) and 0.58 for BW (MAPSE; p < 0.001). The normal MAPSE values did not differ significantly be...

BACKGROUND:
As survival and outcomes continue to improve in neonates born prematurely, there is an increasing need to promptly identify and treat pulmonary hypertension (PHT) in this population. Several echocardiographic indices have been used to evaluate for PHT. There is no clear consensus on how to utilize these parameters specifically for the evaluation of PHT in infants with chronic lung disease of prematurity.
OBJECTIVES:
Τhe objectives of the study were (1) to identify the different echocardiographic techniques for assessment of PHT in infants with chronic lung disease of prematurity in an evidence-based manner and (2) to establish an echocardiographic screening protocol based on available literature using different echocardiographic techniques.
METHODS:
We conducted a systematic review of the literature regarding use of echocardiographic techniques for evaluation of PHT in infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia. On the basis of the available evidence, we came up with a screening algorithm using various echocardiographic techniques.
RESULTS:
We identified nine techniques that had been employed for detection of PHT noninvasively using echocardiography in 23 studies. Using these echocardiographic parameters, we came up with a flow chart to diagnose PHT in infants born prematurely, based on presence or absence of tricuspid regurgitation, presence or absence of patent ductus arteriosus, and direction of flow.
CONCLUSIONS:
We have proposed a new screening strategy for assessment of PHT using echocardiography in infants with chronic lung disease of prematurity. Further studies will be necessary to confirm its validity.

Tumor ini jarang ditemui. Namun, merupakan tumor jantung terlzaim ditemui pada janin. Tetralogy of Fallot, Anomali Ebstein, atau Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome adalah malformasi - malformasi jantung kongenital yang bisa menyertai tumor ini. Tanda dari tumor ini antara lain adalah: nodul subkutan, fibroma subungual, pigmentasi cafe au lait, dll. Modalitas utama untuk mendeteksi tumor ini adalah ekokardiografi prenatal serta Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI). Tata laksana utama tumor ini adalah konservatif. Tata laksana tergantung juga pada komplikasi yang menyertainya. Komplikasinya biasanya berupa gagal jantung dan aritmia. Pembedahan jantung dilakukan bila terapi medikamentosa gagal mengontrol komplikasinya sehingga terjadi ketidakstabilan hemodinamika atau aritmia yang mengancam jiwa. Prognosis penderita tumor ini cukup bagus.

We present the case of a 5-year-old boy diagnosed with Kawasaki disease at 10 months of age who developed fusiform aneurysms of the coronary arteries as well as a previously undescribed pattern of mirror-image peripheral arterial aneurysms. These aneurysms were diagnosed on conventional angiography of the aortoiliac circulation and the bilateral upper extremity circulation.

This article examines the delivery of a theatre initiative with child audiences in a hospital context. It reports on a mixed method evaluation of a bedside site-specific performance at high-risk wards based in a Children’s Hospital, NHS Trust in England. It acknowledges the circumstances of the children and the conditions of the location, and examines the potential of supporting children during their stay in hospital through entertainment and relaxation. The article discusses the experiences of those who participated in the performance including children, parents and guardians. It discusses the experience of taking theatre in healthcare and the strengths and challenges of using hospital space as a ‘stage’. It concludes that a synergy between the artist and the child is important to this type of intervention, seeking to provide children both with entertainment and relaxation as an important strategy for their wellbeing in hospital.

Key words: theatre, children, wellbeing, relaxation, hospital
http://www.intellectbooks.co.uk/journals/view-Article,id=19252/