Peasant Studies

En este trabajo se realiza una síntesis de los antecedentes y la relevancia histórica de las poblaciones originarias que habitaron la región que incluye los actuales partidos de Azul, Tapalqué y Olavarría. Se presta particular atención a las tribus de “indios amigos” asentadas en ese sector de la frontera sur desde principios del siglo XIX hasta nuestros días. Se remarca la importante continuidad territorial de aquéllas pese a la dinámica de las distintas coyunturas políticas e interétnicas en el largo plazo, cuyos reclamos llegan hasta la actualidad. Asimismo, se reseña el particular desarrollo de las actividades textiles en la zona, que constituyen una muestra de la impronta cultural indígena en la historia regional y bonaerense.

Largely overlooked by historians and politicians, the unofficial delegation 1971 was a milestone in east-west relations.  Occurring just months after Canada had recognized the PRC and (unbenounced to the delegates) at the same time as Henry Kissinger's secret meeting with Zhou Enlai, this collection fo 27 Canadians from all walk of life traveled throughout China and broke the ice on east-west cultural relations. Among the delegates was Canada's "peasant" representative Evelyn Potter of Saskatchewan. Evelyn was the first women's president of Canada's National Farmers Union and an progressive activist interested in learning about the challenge facing small scale producers and women from around the world. She took more than 1,000 photos during her time in China and these are now the subject of a traveling exhibit.  This article tells Evelyn's story and reveals 1971 China through her camera lens.

In Colombia, political decisions related to the countryside preserve an unjust social order, maintaining inequities and obstacles to the well-being and life quality of farmers. In this scenario the Territorial Arrangement Planning of the San Nicolas Valley, in the East of the department of Antioquia, has generated a series of rural conflicts that accentuate the vulnerabilities of rural residents, threatening the agricultural tradition in this subregion. Thus, this study inquired about the perceptions of legality in the peasant population of the area. A descriptive-correlational study with non-probabilistic sampling was carried out, including 380 peasants, members of civic-rural associations of the San Nicolas Valley, evaluating in four scales: beliefs, values, knowledge of the law and perceived legality in the context. Statistical analyses were performed in SPSS v.22 software. The findings indicated significant relationships between the study variables. Despite the state abandonment of the proletariat to market forces in an area with socioeconomic imbalances, no determining link was found between low income and violation of the law.
Resumo: Na Colômbia, as decisões políticas relacionadas ao campo preservam uma ordem social injusta, mantêm as desigualdades e os obstáculos ao bem-estar e à qualidade de vida dos agricultores. É assim que o Plano de Ordenamento Territorial do Vale de San Nicolás, no leste do departamento de Antioquia, gerou uma série de conflitos rurais que acentuam as vulnerabilidades dos moradores rurais, ameaçando a tradição agrícola nessa sub-região. Diante dessa situação, este estudo indagou sobre as percepções de legalidade na população camponesa da área, por meio de um estudo descritivo-correlacional, com amostragem não probabilística, que incluiu 380 camponeses, membros de associações cívico-rurais do Vale de San Nicolás, avaliando quatro escalas, crenças, valores, conhecimento da lei e legalidade, percebidas no contexto. As análises estatísticas foram realizadas no SPSS v. 22. Os resultados indicam relações significativas entre as variáveis do estudo. Apesar do abandono estatal do proletariado às forças de mercado em uma área com desequilíbrios socioeconômicos, nenhuma ligação determinante foi encontrada entre baixa renda e violação da lei.

It is a common belief in Poland that peasants were an ignorant, disorganized mass with no ability to fight for their rights. Apart from a few exceptions, little is written about peasant revolts in Poland. There is very little awareness that they even rebelled at all. This stems primarily from misunderstandings about the nature of peasant revolts. The manorial serfdom economic model adopted in Poland required its own specific tactics of resistance. Knowledge about the nature of peasant revolts on Polish territory and the strategies employed allows us to see and understand their scale. It then becomes clear that the peasants were not such a passive mass.

ชาวนากับความเปลี่ยนแปลง: สำรวจองค์ความรู้การเปลี่ยนแปลงเศรษฐกิจข้าวและการปรับตัวของชาวนาไทยในทศวรรษที่ 2549-2559

ท่ามกลางการเปลี่ยนแปลงทางการเมืองและเศรษฐกิจ ภายใต้บริบทโลกาภิวัตน์ในช่วงทศวรรษที่ 21 ชาวนาไทยมีการตอบสนองและปรับตัวอย่างมีพลวัตในรูปแบบที่หลากหลายแม้ในภาวะรวมจะมีลักษณะคล้ายกัน แต่ก็มีมิติที่ต่างกันตามละภูมิภาคและภูมินิเวศ

หนังสือ ชาวนากับการเปลี่ยนแปลง: สำรวจองค์ความรู้การเปลี่ยนแปลงเศรษฐกิจข้าว และการปรับตัวของชาวนาไทยในทศวรรษ 2549-2559 พยายามจะตอบคำถามใน 3 ข้อสำคัญ

1. สถานะความรู้ของการปรับตัวของชาวนาในเรื่องการผลิตและตลาดข้าว ภายใต้การเปลี่ยนแปลงโครงสร้างการผลิตและตลาดข้าว สังคม วัฒนธรรม และสิ่งแวดล้อม เป็นอย่างไร
2. สถานะความรู้ดังกล่าว ยังมีช่องว่างความรู้อะไรบ้าง และมีความรู้ใดที่ต้องการพัฒนาต่อยอด
3. ความร่วมมือกับนักวิชาการในการพัฒนาความรู้ต่อการเปลี่ยนแปลงโครงสร้างการผลิตข้าวและปรับตัวของชาวนาไทยควรเป็นอย่างไร

หรือกล่าวอย่างง่ายได้ว่า หนังสือเล่มนี้พยายามค้นหาว่า “เราเคยรู้อะไร” และ “อยากรู้อะไรเพิ่มเติม” เกี่ยวกับการปรับตัวของชาวนาไทย

Hunting presents a paradox for biodiversity conservation. It is both a problem and a solution to species declines and poverty. Yet, conservation scientists hold different assumptions about the significance and sustainability of hunting based on the cultures and identities of hunters. In Latin America, conservationists largely sort hunters as either indigenous or campesino. Indigenous hunters are often characterized as culturally driven stewards of wildlife sustainability. Campesino hunters, by contrast, are described as peasants-cultureless, uneducated , and uncaring toward wildlife sustainability. Although such ethnically fueled hunting discourse promotes hunting research, campesino hunters remain underrepresented in most comparative hunting reviews. Moreover, there are no targeted syntheses on the current state of knowledge about campesino hunting, nothing to guide conservation research and practice with and for the largest group of hunters in Latin America. We reviewed 334 articles published from 1937 to 2018 in English (55%) and Spanish (45%)-mostly published in 145 peer-reviewed journals-on the meanings, motivations, and sustainability of campesino hunting in Latin America. Although studies spanned 17 countries, 7 ecosystems, and >75 indigenous and nonindigenous demographics in 30 research contexts, they predominantly focused on nonindigenous campesinos for species-specific conservation and protected area management in tropical broadleaf forests of Mexico, Peru, and Colombia. Authors used 12 methods to collect campesino hunting data, primarily interviews, surveys, and questionnaires, and drew from 10 local and traditional knowledge themes about wildlife trends and uses. Eighteen drivers, 14 constraints, and 10 conflicts-mainly subsistence, income, ethics, regulations, and crop or livestock protection-shaped whether campesino hunters pursued 799 species, 70% of which were least concern species. Yet, only 25 studies (8%) empirically assessed sustainability. Our results show the need for increased interdisciplinary and geographic engagement with campesino hunting across Latin America. Resumen: La cacería representa una paradoja para la conservación de la biodiversidad ya que es tanto un problema como una solución para la declinación de especies y la pobreza. Aun así, los científicos de la conservación mantienen suposiciones diferentes sobre la relevancia y la sustentabilidad de la cacería basada en la cultura e identidad de los cazadores. En América Latina, los conservacionistas generalmente clasifican a los cazadores como indígenas o campesinos. Los cazadores indígenas casi siempre están caracterizados como administradores de la sustentabilidad de fauna influenciados culturalmente. Como contraste, los cazadores campesinos están descritos como personas rurales-sin cultura ni educación y sin preocupación por la sustentabilidad de la fauna. Aunque tal discurso de cacería avivadoétnicamente promueve la investigación sobre la cacería, los cazadores campesinos permanecen con una baja representación en las revisiones comparativas de la cacería. Además, para el grupo más grande de cazadores en América Latina, no existen síntesis enfocadas en el estado actual del conocimiento sobre la cacería campesina, nada que guíe la investigación de la conservación y nada con qué practicarla. Revisamos 334 artículos publicados entre 1937 y 2018 en inglés (55%) y español (45%)-la mayoría publicados en 145 revistas revisadas por pares-que tratan sobre el significado, la motivación y la sustentabilidad de la cacería * email [email protected] Article impact statement: Campesino hunting research requires interdisciplinary collaborations to bridge its varied geographies, cultures, knowledge, and sustainability.