Macao

In the last 15 years, Macau has become widely known as a casino city with a bustling gaming industry. Before the construction of casinos are over 400 years of history of Portuguese and Chinese interchange, which has led to a unique social, religious, cultural and urban mixture. Macau also has a World Heritage Site. Twenty-two main buildings and public spaces representing the old trading port city are inscribed in the UNESCO World Heritage List. Currently, development pressures and property speculation are challenging the preservation and safeguarding of historical buildings in the city. With the choice of retaining the façade as a debated approach in conservation context, another situation has arisen in Macau - the purposeful construction of historic-looking façades in casinos, which lure gamblers into a world of entertainment. This paper explores how façadism influences the way heritage is perceived, amidst the conflicts between building preservation and demolition. It also explores the question of how the city and its people connect with its past, amidst rapid urban development. Contemplating the application of the Historic Urban Landscape Approach, the paper suggests a need for adaptive reuse of buildings, integrating different neighbourhood characters in future developments.

O conjunto foi dividido em três partes que sustentam três diferentes articulações. A primeira parte analisa “As novas fardas do luso-tropicalismo” e inclui quatro artigos. O primeiro (“The Lusotropical Flavor of Modernization”), de Ana Beatriz Ribeiro, argumenta que o estado brasileiro tem adaptado o luso-tropicalismo como complemento à modernização e se apresenta como um ator emergente no desenvolvimento africano, usando como estudo de caso a cooperação entre os estados brasileiro e moçambicano. O segundo (“Luso-tropical Shadows”), de Victor Miguel Castillo de Macedo, analisa a influência do pensamento de Gilberto Freyre em dois intelectuais responsáveis por fornecer as fundações da política externa brasileira no continente africano, voltando os interesses comerciais e económicos a estar na ordem do dia. O terceiro artigo, de Isabel Morais, contribui para o estudo da situação de “Macau entre a ‘China Tropical’ e a lusofonia a Oriente”, refletindo sobre as representações da lusofonia no contexto contemporâneo de Macau, sob a administração chinesa. A primeira parte encerra com um artigo, de Marcos Cardão, que tem como objectivo analisar como alguns exemplos da cultura pop, nomeadamente a canção e a música pop, procuraram celebrar os Descobrimentos e reiventar o nacionalismo português nos anos 80 do século XX. 
A segunda parte, constituída por três artigos, explora as tensões entre “Luso tropicalismo, religiões e identidades”. Dela faz parte o artigo de Madalina Florescu, cuja análise articula “fotografia, catolicismo e luso-tropicalismo”, trazendo-nos uma nova leitura acerca das diferenças religiosas, através, por exemplo, dos túmulos afro cristãos. Já o artigo de Kadya Tall analisa “as produções cultu(r)ais do Atlântico Sul visto do Brasil” e fornece-nos instrumentos para o estudo das relações entre a escravidão, a colonização e a Reforma católica nas sociedades sul-americanas. Por seu turno, Melvina Araújo procura contribuir para o estudo das interpretações das religiões no Brasil, articulando estas com o luso-tropicalismo e o multiculturalismo, salientando aspetos como a inserção de elementos religiosos, o sincretismo e a “teologia índia” com elementos multiculturalistas.
Por último, a terceira parte (“Novas perspetivas para problemas antigos”) apresenta um conjunto de quatro artigos. O primeiro, da autoria de Lorenzo Macagno, focado no brasilianista Charles Wagley (1913-1991), retrata a proximidade deste ao antropólogo português Jorge Dias (1907-1973) e a sua viagem de Moçambique à Guiné-Bissau em 1960, no contexto da véspera do despoletar da guerra colonial e da constatação do logro da tese luso-tropicalista. Como veremos no segundo artigo, esse logro não desapareceu, de facto; isto acontece por ser demasiado atraente e poder assim regressar das mais diversas formas, inclusivamente sob a forma de fantasma e de fetiche, como nos é sugerido por Paulo de Medeiros. O autor propõe-nos, contudo, algumas ferramentas analíticas para lhe oferecer resistência. Ainda hoje assistismos, como demonstra Patrícia Ferraz de Matos, a discursos fundados na ideologia da tolerância racial, ancorada na elaboração luso-tropicalista, por um lado, e ao estabelecimento de hierarquias sociais, fundadas amiúde na questão racial, ou em meros preconceitos, por outro; contudo, as classificações, que foram surgindo ao longo do tempo, em vez de contribuírem para o respeito das diferenças, geram sobretudo situações de desigualdade e limites no acesso a recursos. O último artigo desta parte, de Michel Cahen, traz-nos um contributo para a compreensão da “colonialidade de Gilberto Freyre na colonialidade do Brasil”. Segundo o autor, existe uma dimensão colonial na continuação da expansão brasileira no século XX. Ao criticar o conceito de “colonialismo interno”, pelo seu etnocentrismo, e insistir na ideia de conquista colonial que o Brasil fez, e faz ainda, o artigo acaba por reunir várias dimensões também tratadas nos artigos anteriores, desde a religião, ao pensamento teórico e académico, passando pela mestiçagem e pela questão racial, e pelo posicionamento geopolítico dos países que tiveram ou têm uma relação privilegiada com Portugal. Por estas razões, foi o texto escolhido para encerrar o volume.

Aims: This paper suggests a framework of separate and flexible multilingualism to describe multilingual phenomena in Macao. The aims are to capture both conventional and creative language practice and to explore what exactly is the state of multilingualism in modern Macao under the context of globalization, and more specifically how we can capture variation in multilingual practice. Methodology: The objectives are achieved by analyzing the interplay and distance between languages in multilingual texts, focusing on the multimodality and intertextuality of the texts. Data and analysis: The database is a collection of 300 posters for cultural and entertainment events in Macao. The distance of languages is analyzed at the unit level in multimodal texts; separate and flexible multilingualism are exemplified and further elaborated. Conclusions: Multilingualism in Macao is mainly characterized by separate multilingualism, where different languages are demarcated clearly. However, Macao is undergoing a significant process of globalization, accompanied by a huge flow of people, and concomitantly flexible multilingualism is emergent and coexistent with separate multilingualism. Flexible multilingualism is often manifested in translanguaging. The various practices of translanguaging are performances of creativity and they show criticality by problematizing the widely accepted essentialist conceptions on boundaries between languages and modes. Originality: This paper extends the framework of separate and flexible multilingualism to explain multilingual practice in general. We analyze multimodal data using a combined method of multimodality and multilingualism while focusing on the linguistic elements. The paper treats the posters as a special and less studied type of linguistic landscape in Macao, and it provides an original and realistic interpretation of the written multilingual linguistic landscape in a unique Chinese city. Significance: This paper provides a new way of understanding multilingualism; translanguaging is broadened to account for written data. Multilingualism can be understood better by observing language-related practice in multimodal texts.

Purpose – Drawing upon an analysis of resident and visitor survey data and Macau Government Tourist
Office (MGTO) press releases in 2012, the purpose of this paper is to understand the tourism destination
image for this tourist historic city produced by these three key stakeholder groups in Macau.
Design/methodology/approach – This is achieved using a new stakeholder analysis tool, developed from
previous studies, which compares the perspective of the MGTO, the city’s destination marketing
organization, with that of its residents and visitors. This study examines the perceptions that residents and
visitors have about the general images projected and generated in Macau.
Findings – This research highlights the multiplicity of images and producers of images in Macau.
Originality/value – The lesson from this case study is that public sector agencies need to acknowledge
more clearly the tourism planning role of the host community in particular. The possibility of detecting
disconnections and misalignments of shared destination imagery by residents and visitors has implications
for the public sector in Macau and other destinations in relation to managing and developing a destination
and contributes to a greater understanding of stakeholders and sustainable tourism development overall.
Keywords Destination image, Tourism planning, Macau, Stakeholder views, Community involvement, DMO
Paper type Research paper

Establishes conceptual link between models of co-creation and place attachment. Place identity (personal relation with site) correlates more strongly with experience value. Sites rated higher in terms of place dependence (perceived site attributes). Demonstrates connection between place identity and specific site behavior. Implications for expansion of co-creation research beyond service-dominated logic. a b s t r a c t Co-creation in tourism has investigated a range of ways in which consumers are becoming increasingly involved in defining and creating services and products. These activities, however, constitute only a small portion of the full range of tourism experiences. The current concentration on co-creation of (mostly service-dominated) tourism products needs to be expanded to accommodate elements such as the physical environment and local social and cultural milieus of tourism. This article appropriates concepts and models from the discourse of place attachment to demonstrate an approach to extending the co-creation concept to include experiences of the physical tourism site, not merely as the setting of a service relation, but as a fundamental dimension of the tourism experience. This approach is tested and demonstrated based on an analysis and discussion of the findings of a survey study of tourists to the Historic Center of Macao.