Housing and Dwelling (Architecture)

This book investigates the architectural, product design, and urban typology of the capsule which, beginning in the 1960s, broadened the concept of the basic building blocks of architecture to include a minimal living unit, called the "capsule." Here it is presented with regard to the continuity of the development of the Modern Movement, its revisionist criticism, pioneering examples, as well as contemporary examples and uses. The typology of the capsule allows us to consider this theme in terms of the architecture of resistance, with the potential to search for an "other" architecture that is embedded in our contemporaneity (manifested in small dwellings, composite structures, and container units; shelters and mobile homes in nature and the urban environment; technology transfer in high-tech designs; devices, additions, and extensions, etc.). The concept of the capsule as a building element of architecture, as well as a spatial element, can therefore be regarded as having a generative potential for an architecture of personal space for the individual, forcing us to reflect on our existing living and dwelling conditions.

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In molti contesti preistorici e protostorici italiani sono largamente rinvenuti resti strutturali in terra e conglomerati architettonici combusti o parzialmente cementati. La loro caratterizzazione tecnologica è un passo importante per ottenere dati rigurdanti la paleoeconomia,  lo sfruttamento delle risorse e l’esistenza di tradizioni costruttive su scala locale o regionale. L’integrazione al protocollo di analisi tecnologica di osservazioni effettuate ad occhio nudo o con microscopio ottico su sezioni levigate può aiutare ad una migliore comprensione dei resti in una fase intermedia dello studio, successiva alla loro caratterizzazione morfologica ed al riconoscimento di classi di impasto, ma preliminare all’approfondimento dello studio per mezzo di analisi specialistiche. La realizzazione su alcuni campioni di una sezione rettificata e polita (sezione levigata) permette infatti di descrivere con maggiore completezza l’organizzazione e la natura dei componenti, nonché le alterazioni subite dal materiale, ad esempio in caso di esposizione al calore. Si tratta dunque di associare le caratteristiche osservate ai meccanismi di deformazione della materia e a gesti specifici, che una volta messi in sequenza potranno permettere di ricostruire materie prime utilizzate, tecniche e catene operative. Qualche osservazione rilevante può riguardare anche le dinamiche di funzionamento delle strutture o il loro ingresso nel record archeologico. Sono qua presentati alcuni casi studio e chiavi di lettura preliminari, da completare ed affinare con l’avanzamento delle ricerche. Le prime applicazioni di tale tecnica hanno fornito risultati incoraggianti, soprattutto per il rapporto positivo tra massa di dati prodotta e costo finanziario ridotto.

החברה החרדית נתפסת בעיני רבים בחברה הישראלית ולעיתים גם בספרות כחברה מאיימת מפני שונותה, שלרוב בלתי מובנת, ומפני גידול כוחה והשפעתה החברתית, הדמוגרפית והפוליטית. תחושת האיום ברוב המקרים נובעת מחוסר ידיעה, מבורות לגבי חייו של השכן ופיתוחן של תיאוריות והשערות המהולות בפיסות מידע קטועות מכאן ומכאן. החרדים אינם נתפסים רק כאיום על אורח החיים החילוני, אלא גם כמערערים את בסיס הלגיטימיות של הקיום הציוני-ישראלי. 
מנקודת מבט זו, השאלה: מי הם החרדים? אינה רק בעלת משמעות אנתרופולוגית, אלא גם בעלת משמעויות רחבות יותר. ואולם, חיבור זה אינו בא להתמודד עם אתגרים היסטוריוגרפיים ואידיאולוגיים שהחברה החרדית מציגה בפני הישראלי והיהודי החילוני- ציוני ולהיפך, ואף לא יעסוק בפוליטיקה. ענייננו הוא לענות על מספר שאלות הקשורות בהתפתחותה של החברה החרדית, אופיה המיוחד, אמונתה והשקפתה הדתית, מגמותיה הדמוגרפיות ותכונותיה הכלכליות בכדי לגבש מסקנות תכנוניות-אדריכליות עבור אותה חברה מרמת הדירה, הבניין והשכונה הפרברית/ עירונית.

Human adaptation to their place of dwelling is an effort to adapt to physical condition of a limited habitation environment. Environmental adaptation has three basic elements, which consist of physical (ecology/environment and human) and nonphysical (culture and behavior or interaction between human-environment) elements. Adaptation concept includes behavioral and functional aspects, which are reflected on activities of the adaptation agent, as well as structural aspect, which is reflected on physical-spatial layout of the environment. Settlement development of the Madurese migrant since 1950s up to the present time has indicated the adaptation process. Study on the dwelling adaptation element of the Madurese migrant at the studied area was intended to find out what adaptation element used by the Madurese migrant in interacting with their settlement environment. This study used descriptive qualitative method and inductive analysis. Object of the study was determined following the li...

Carl Lüdecke was one of the most versatile architects of the 19th century Wrocław. He designed buildings of public services, country seats of aristocracy, he also carried out preservation works of the most important monuments in the Silesian capital. This article is an attempt at replenishing the gap in hitherto existing works related to the creation of the artist and shows the so far not described group of Lüdecke’s projects – the urban residential houses. The architect designed several tenament houses, most often of the service-tenament function, two villas, he also carried out reconstructions of existing houses, and created plans of facade decorations. In propositions of urban tenament houses Lüdecke employed the principle of style pluralism – to house elevations he gave classic form enriched with motives derived from various periods of Italian Renaissance. His standpoint related to styles in architecture the artist presented during his lectures which he gave in the Silesian Association of Native Culture. The architect realized only commissions of private investors, so that each design was the result of conditions of localization, the needs of the customer, legal requirements and artistic beliefs of the designer which were under a high influence of the Berlin school of architecture.


Carl Lüdecke był jednym z najbardziej wszechstronnych architektów XIX-wiecznego Wrocławia, projektował budynki użyteczności publicznej, wiejskie siedziby arystokracji, prowadził także prace konserwatorskie najważniejszych zabytków stolicy Śląska. Niniejszy artykuł jest próbą uzupełnienia luki w dotychczasowych opracowaniach na temat twórczości artysty i pokazuje nieopisaną dotąd grupę projektów Lüdeckego – miejskie domy mieszkalne. We Wrocławiu architekt zaprojektował kilka kamienic najczęściej o funkcji usługowo-mieszkalnej, dwie wille, prowadził także przebudowy domów istniejących, tworzył projekty dekoracji elewacji. W propozycjach miejskich budynków mieszkalnych Lüdecke stosował zasadę pluralizmu stylowego – elewacjom domów nadawał formy klasycyzujące wzbogacone motywami zaczerpniętymi z różnych okresów włoskiego renesansu. Swoje stanowisko dotyczące stylów w architekturze artysta zaprezentował w czasie wykładów, które wygłosił na forum Śląskiego Towarzystwa Kultury Ojczystej. Architekt realizował wyłącznie zamówienia prywatnych inwestorów, każdy projekt był zatem wypadkową uwarunkowań lokalizacyjnych, potrzeb zleceniodawcy, wymogów prawnych oraz przekonań artystycznych projektanta, które pozostawały pod dużym wpływem berlińskiej szkoły architektury.

En este articulo se aborda el proceso por el cual se obtiene bioetanol, que es de gran importancia ya que puede ser utilizado para producir biocombustibles de alto poder energético con características muy similares a las de la gasolina, los cuales conllevan a una importante reducción de las emisiones contaminantes en los motores tradicionales de combustión. La obtención de bioetanol se hace a partir de residuos de frutas, hojas y tallos de plantas como material lignocelulósico, además de almidones, para lo cual, estos residuos tienen que pasar por diferentes etapas que se van a mostrar a continuación: 1-) Pre-tratamiento: En esta etapa del proceso se muele la materia prima (biomasa), como por ejemplo cascara de uva, café o aserrín, esto se hace con el fin de obtener la celulosa ya que esta se encuentra impregnada con la lignina e impide que se encuentre sola. 2-) Hidrólisis enzimática: El objetivo de esta hidrólisis es obtener glucosa a partir de la celulosa ya separada a través de microorganismos 3-) Fermentación: Para esta etapa se procede a fermentar, en donde se utilizan levaduras, las cuales transforman glucosa en unidades de etanol.

This research project investigates the translation of innovative financial and spatial housing typologies form Berlin to the Belfast/ NI context in response to the post-economic downturn landscape of housing provision and tenure in Northern Ireland. DSD, NIHE, Chartered Institute of Housing funded 2013.

Título:
HABITAÇÃO PARA IDOSOS EM LISBOA: DE COLECTIVA A ASSISTIDA. O CASO DE ALVALADE

A população portuguesa (e mundial) está a envelhecer a um ritmo muito acelerado — Lisboa era já em 2001 a capital europeia da UE15 mais envelhecida, realidade que se agravou desde então.
Esta tendência demográfica de quase inversão da pirâmide demográfica significa que é urgente encontrar uma solução habitacional para os idosos, que constituem o único grupo etário em crescimento. Significa também que as cidades serão progressivamente habitadas por mais idosos, pelo que o quotidiano urbano (em espaços públicos e privados, livres ou construídos) será cada vez mais condicionado pelas restrições dos mais velhos, em termos de acessibilidades ou outros aspectos funcionais.
Objectivo
Para evitar a panaceia da institucionalização em lares de idosos, é urgente propor um novo paradigma habitacional para as pessoas mais velhas: envelhecer em casa.
Metodologia
Sendo Lisboa maioritariamente constituída por edifícios de apartamentos, estudou-se o funcionamento e características das “residências assistidas” de diferentes iniciativas (privada, estatal, IPSS) e dimensões (grande, média e pequena).
Desse estudo retiraram-se ensinamentos que permitissem a sua aplicação aos edifícios normais de habitação colectiva, transformando-os desse modo em edifícios-residência, onde os moradores possam naturalmente envelhecer, em apartamento adaptados ou adaptáveis às diferentes etapas da vida.
Seguidamente estudaram-se edifícios de apartamentos cujas características permitissem encontrar soluções aplicáveis ou extrapoláveis para outros conjuntos habitacionais.
Para cada um dos edifícios existentes que foram seleccionados desenvolveu-se um projecto de adaptação do edifício e dos apartamentos de modo que, com intervenções e custos mínimos, permitisse a sua conversão em condomínio assistido.
Resultados
O Bairro de Alvalade, pela repetição sistemática dos seus edifícios-tipo, permitiu seleccionar seis casos concretos para aplicação de diferentes soluções, no sentido de que passem a funcionar como condomínios assistidos para os seus moradores envelhecidos, evitando (ou adiando) a sua institucionalização.
As soluções projectadas para estes seis edifícios têm a possibilidade inerente de replicação, podendo ser aplicadas a dezenas de edifícios, centenas de apartamentos e milhares de moradores, apenas no Bairro de Alvalade.
Conclusão
Com os modelos de intervenção propostos caso a caso, verificam-se vantagens habitacionais, humanas e urbanas: ganham-se apartamentos mais flexíveis, adaptáveis às diversas fases da vida; os moradores podem envelhecer em casa e no bairro, na companhia de vizinhos e comerciantes que conhecem e em quem confiam; torna-se mais fácil e cómodo para os familiares manterem as rotinas das visitas à casa de sempre; os espaços exteriores públicos tornam-se mais amigos dos idosos (e como tal amigos de todos), com acessibilidade universal; o convívio intergeracional é promovido, dentro de casa, no edifício e no bairro; a flexibilidade do novo modelo permite a renovação natural das gerações dos seus habitantes e novamente o seu envelhecimento em casa, sem segregação edificativa nem estigmatização social — a cidade envelhece e renova-se continuamente.

Addressing the role that house-beautificaiton plays for individuals coming to terms with the traumas associated with involuntary dislocation, Drawn to Beauty: The Practice of House-Beautifivation as Homemaking amongst the Forcibly Displaced situates aesthetics as critically important to the emerging interdisciplinary framework articulating the conditions for remaking home in the aftermath of domicide, environmental disaster, and other instances of home's destruction. Culled from a wide array of sources including personal experience, housing theory, an analysis of third realm beauty, trauma studies and my extensive research-creation practice, this text proposes that attention paid to the daily manipulation of home's things and objects is a particularly active site for (be)coming home anew.

presso lo studio di Renato Rizzi con Kuno Mayr, Sergio Pauletto, Alessandro Andreolli, Laura Stroszeck, Fabio Don, Ilaria Giardiello

L'impianto a corte sull'acqua previsto dal Master Plan della Gregotti International, offre l'occasione per un confronto con l'impianto a griglia previsto per la città. Nel nostro caso, i due blocchi di edifici residenziali sono suddivisi in cinque unità indipendenti, secondo quanto previsto dal programma funzionale. Si ottengono così 5+5 unità, le dieci Town Houses richieste. Le unità hanno larghezza m. 6,30, profondità m. 12,60, altezza media dal livello strada m. 13,40. Ciascuna unità risulta così separata da un vuoto di m. 0,85 compresso tra due pareti alte circa m. 15. In questo modo le piante ed i volumi dei due edifici previsti dal M.P. vengono sezionate, ottenendo una composizione ritmata da una griglia che rende visibile  quella tridimensionale della densità. La presenza del vuoto diventa quindi paesaggio e passaggio: dal marciapiede si può vedere e scendere direttamente all'acqua e traguardare ancora sullo sfondo la proiezione dei giardini pubblici retrostanti. La prospettiva aperta dai tagli restituisce allo sguardo una permeabilità visiva tra vie pubbliche e corti d'acqua. Un modo per riaffermare e riproporre l'analogia di un unico principio formale: la continuità del principio urbano con quello architettonico.

Regional Regulation of the Province of Bali concerning the height of buildings has been known since 1974 until now. The development of tourism has an impact on the high price of land in Bali especially in urban areas and tourist accommodation. The increase in the number of urban residents and the high number of shortages of decent housing, opens a discourse on Vertical Housing development, through the National program that has been started since 2011. The development of Vertical Housing in Bali has not been responded to optimally by both the Regional Government and the Community. However, the need for housing and various other factors are increasing and unresolved with existing programs, therefore or unwillingly or dislike of the people of Bali must prepare themselves to be able to receive Vertical Housing development in the Urban area. Then how is this Regulatory Control related to the program? Then how far is the effect? Through this research, this will be traced qualitatively.

In this age of globalization and nomadism, neutral and minimalist interiors are dominating the housing market. It is a kind of globalized commercial Minimalism that has roots in the Modernism, and that seems to be the dominant in today’s interiors. Architectural studios are delivering minimalist interiors that we can call residential “White Cubes”. The concept of White Cube is borrowed from Museums and exhibition design as the neutral metaphysical minimal space which can be flexible enough to fit in any context and please a big diverse clientele mass. But in this kind of minimalism we may suffer from domestic asphyxiation, alienation, and loss of familiarity. While one of the advantages of these neutral cubes is that the user is able to design his space, and express the identity that he wants through objects and furniture. The residential white cube is therefore flexible and open for the soft interventions made by its future inhabitant. As a reaction to this “whitecubization” of interiors, some contemporary trends in furniture, products, and textile design appeared in order to compensate the neutrality of these interiors. Revived ethnic textiles, custom-made designs, folk and nomadic decorative elements, revived craftsmanship, and vintage designs, are all trends that kept growing in the last few years that seem to be a reaction to this minimalism . The inhabitants choose how to domesticize the White Cube and stage the performance of the space through its selection of objects that reflects their individuality and lifestyle.
The White Cube has a performative aspect that refers to the concepts of “openness” and “flexibility” of the interior layout. The Italian architect Andrea Branzi, in his essay “exhibitions as a metaphor of a new modernity”, invites architecture to learn from the sub-categories of architecture. He indicates that the cultural, social, and economical context is in constant changes, and thus prescribed programs do not work; therefore, any new interior design should be adjustable for the continual changes in the modes of production and living. Interior architecture can learn from the making of exhibitions how to be flexible and performative. In this regard, Valentina Signore defines the Performative Project as designed to be open for change, where the design itself encourages transformations and leaves room to the unexpected. This openness is distinctive to the late modernity, because forms and functions are neither determined nor determining.
This paper seeks to investigate the notions of Performative and Flexible provided by the White Cube typology, through examining the new anti-minimalist trends in product design as a reaction to the “Whitecubized” interiors, and through reflecting on the concepts of openness and flexibility of the interior.

The book highlights important urban development issues in Punjab such as urbanisation, slums, housing, poverty, urban governance, development, infrastructure/ services etc and suggests major reforms to improve quality of life in urban areas.

Abstract

Many natural disasters that have occurred in recent years have caused loss of property as well as deaths. The earthquakes that have occurred in recent years have resulted in considerable loss of property and life and have necessitated much rapid construction of houses. On the other hand, the large housing deficit that emerged after the earthquake and called for an immediate solution resulted in housing that were constructed without considering factors such as socio-cultural data, user needs, habits and spatial quality. The aim of this research is to analyze the degree of satisfaction with the after-earthquake houses and quality as a factor affecting user satisfaction. As part
of the study, a questionnaire was conducted in a mass housing area with 858 units in Yalova, Soğucak, which was realized by The Ministry of Public Works and Settlement after the 1999 Marmara earthquakes. The results of the questionnaire are evaluated on SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Sciences) using one sample t-test, Mann-Whitney U test, factor analysis and chi-square test. The results of this study have important
implications for satisfaction with after-earthquake houses and the attitudes of the users.

The focus of the present paper is the spatial organisation of daily life in dwellings related by their occupying households, or to sub-groups of these. Experimental social psychology and ethnoarchaeological data provide a basic syntax for human spatial behaviour in dwellings. The present paper makes use of this in outlining and discussing a framework for the interpretation of the
spatial organisation of archaeological dwellings, on the basis of repeated organisational patterns observed in excavated dwellings, drawing further on the analysis of recent ethnographic contexts
and existing experimental social-psychological data about humans’ non-verbal interaction in space. This paper deliberately engages with a very broad chronological and cultural range of
domestic buildings, in order to make the best use of the detailed recording of prehistoric, as well as historic material.

Num contexto de desequilíbrio entre a oferta e a procura de habitação, de sobrecarga do território e de diminuição do arrojo económico, a reutilização de fogos existentes surge como um caminho inevitável. A compreensão dos mecanismos individuais e colectivos que levam às escolhas, particularmente dos sistemas de hierarquização de valores face à nova-velha-casa contribui para uma leitura mais aprofundada da relação do espaço com a sua ocupação e valores reconhecidos. O objecto de estudo é o Bairro das Colónias, em Lisboa (1930), caracterizado por uma arquitectura doméstica considerada anónima e com baixa intervenção de arquitectos. Durante a última década, neste bairro tem registado uma mudança significativa do seu tecido social, na qual a fixação de jovens famílias é um dos elementos evidentes. A leitura das opções e hierarquizações encontráveis na decisão de viver num dos fogos do bairro – unidades de análise – é o objecto específico da investigação.

The viewer’s experience of Malick’s cinema can be arguably approached from the notion of dwelling. As Toles points out, the essence of this dwelling derives from the use of the medium’s capacities to reveal the world as something real. In contrast with earlier films, ‘The Tree of Life’ (2011) opens up the possibility of transcendence by pushing the limits of the world revealed by the film medium: here the world is no more an absolute presence, but the visible sign of a further presence, that of its Creator. The chain of revelations is thus expanded: the filmic dwelling holds the world’s presence and, in turn, this screened world points towards God’s presence. In this vein, the image of Jack O’Brien standing at the enigmatic doorframe in the wilderness might well illustrate the experience of the viewer of ‘The Tree of Life’.

"Paola Ardizzola’s contribution, which focuses on the house that Bruno Taut built for himself in the late 1930s, demonstrates how personal tribulations can affect architectural belief, and lead to novel architectural expressions. In such cases, the own home offers a very fertile testing ground. After having fled Germany in 1933, Taut first moved to Japan and then Turkey, where he built a house for himself in Istanbul in 1938. Taut’s thinking on architecture was affected by this journey, as well as by the socio-political shifts that necessitated it – he was persecuted by the Nazis. In her chapter, ‘Our Homeland is Where We Build’, Ardizzola demonstrates how, as a result of this journey, Taut’s architectural thinking and design, which was initially closely associated with functionalism, became infused with tradition and an appreciation of place (the Heimat)". Doucet, Isabelle, Gosseye, Janina (eds.)

Practically every culture distinguishes between clean and unclean things, actions, and people. This is true for simple hygiene as well as for ritual or
religious purity. While in most cultures both men and women can become polluted, impurity is more often associated with women, especially during menstruation. Consequently, restrictions on menstruating women were imposed in a vast number of societies—both ancient and modern—including ancient Israel, where the Bible regarded all bodily emissions as defi ling and women were regulated by the niddah laws.
Throughout history, various societies have developed different ways of separating the pure and the impure, usually by imposing restrictions on the movement and behavior of the impure. The question of impurity, therefore, has a spatial dimension, and rules governing impurity had to be formulated in relation to space. So how were women and their families expected to follow such restrictions within the specific conditions of their settlements and houses?
This paper analyses this question within the context of Iron Age Israel, and demonstrates how this society separated the pure and the impure within the domestic context.

A historical analysis of the geopolitics of real estate with settler-colonialism on the one side and the rise of über-wealthy foreign real estate investors on the other. Individual foreign investment in Western nation states is a long-standing geopolitical issue. The expansion of the middle class in BRICS and Asian countries, and their increased activity in Western real estate markets as foreign investors, have introduced new and revived existing cultural and geopolitical sensitivities.In this book, Dallas Rogers develops a new history of foreign real estate investment by mapping the movement of human and financial capital over more than four centuries. The book argues the reconfiguration of Asian geopolitical power has ruptured the conceptual landscape for understanding international land and real estate relations. Drawing on assemblage theories (Latour, Deleuze and Guattari), assemblage analytical tactics (Sassen and Ong) and discursive media theories (Kittler and Foucault) a series of vignettes of land and real estate crisis are presented. The book demonstrates how foreign land claimers and global real estate professionals colonise, subvert and act beyond the governance structures of settler-societies to facilitate new types of capital circulation and accumulation around the world.

การศึกษาจัดทำ “แผนที่ที่อยู่อาศัยทรงคุณค่าทางวัฒนธรรม และสิ่งแวดล้อมชุมชน ในเขตเทศบาลเมืองสมุทรสงคราม” ซึ่งเป็นส่วนหนึ่งของโครงการ การจัดทำแผนพัฒนาที่อยู่อาศัยระดับเมืองและชุมชน จังหวัดสมุทรสงคราม ซึ่งได้รับการสนับสนุนวิจัยจากเทศบาลเมืองสมุทรสงคราม และสนับสนุนกิจกรรมจากศูนย์บริการวิชาการแห่งจุฬาลงกรณ์มหาวิทยาลัย และการเคหะแห่งชาติ โดยทำการศึกษาใน ๑๐ ชุมชนที่มีที่ตั้งอยู่ริมแม่น้ำแม่กลอง คือ ชุมชนวัดใหญ่, ชุมชนซอยวัดหลังบ้าน, ชุมชนวัดเพชรสมุทรวรวิหาร, ชุมชนตลาดแม่กลอง, ชุมชนวัดธรรมนิมิต, ชุมชนบางจะเกร็ง ๑, ๒, ๓-๔, ชุมชนวัดประทุมคณาวาส, ชุมชนสะพาน ๔ -วัดพวงมาลัย ซึ่งคณะผู้ศึกษาได้รับความช่วยเหลือจากชาวชุมชนทั้ง ๑๐ ชุมชนเป็นอย่างดี
การศึกษาวิจัยเพื่อจัดทำแผนที่ที่อยู่อาศัยทางวัฒนธรรม มีความมุ่งหมายเพื่อทราบถึงแหล่งที่ตั้งของมรดกทางวัฒนธรรมที่บรรพบุรุษชาวแม่กลองได้สร้างสรรค์ขึ้นบนความนอบน้อมที่มีต่อผืนดิน และผืนน้ำแห่งลุ่มแม่น้ำแม่กลองแห่งนี้ การศึกษาพบว่า ในชุมชนเก่าแก่ในเขตเทศบาลมีที่อยู่อาศัยทรงคุณค่าทางวัฒนธรรมอยู่เป็นจำนวนมาก รอคอยให้มีการศึกษาเชิงลึก และการวางแนวทางการพัฒนาที่อยู่อาศัยที่อยู่บนฐานของสำนึกในการอนุรักษ์ และมองโลกอย่างเป็นองค์รวมเพื่อพิทักษ์ลมหายใจที่อยู่อาศัยทรงคุณค่าทางวัฒนธรรมให้เป็นแหล่งเรียนรู้ของท้องถิ่น  และผู้สนใจในแง่มุมต่างๆ รวมทั้งทำหน้าที่ทางตรง คือ เป็นที่อยู่อาศัยที่มีประสิทธิภาพ และทำให้ผู้อยู่อาศัยมีคุณภาพชีวิตที่ดี อีกทั้งเป็นมิตรต่อสภาพแวดล้อมที่แสนจะเปราะบางของเมืองสมุทรสงคราม เมืองแห่งนิเวศสามน้ำอันมีระบบนิเวศที่ซับซ้อน และอุดมสมบูรณ์แห่งนี้

The Open Building (OB) and the concept of flexible housing have always associated with user’s ability to respond to changing demand. It is necessary that housing can adapt to changing market conditions and different users’ requirements. Flexibility makes a crucial concept that one cannot ignore. However, extra investments for future flexibility are still hardly made because the early investments affect different parties that are not involved in the future adaptation thus made it unaffordable to the mass. Also, the final life-?‐cycle costs incurred in considering alternative solutions are more important than simply investing extra money in providing for flexibility (R. P. Geraedts). Our society and economy are always changing. Nonetheless, the way we produce, the linear system that contains make-?‐take-?‐dispose consumption, had not changed since the started off an industrial revolution a long time ago. Thus, resulted in scarcity, depletion and waste of resources, environmental pollution, and climate change. Innovative leasing using circular economy (CE) is a recent way of looking at sustainability. The basis of CE is thinking in circular supply chains, maximizing the value of materials in which products are reused, remanufactured and recycled (MacArthur, 2013). The authors have illustrated several methods for integrating flexible housing with circular economy concept resulting in a conceptual framework of a new business model of flexible housing. Results of this study contribute to an alternative affordable, flexible housing in the market.

In the 20th century, detached single-family houses proliferated in Germany. Continued publication of built houses as idealised, model homes in magazines for non-professional housebuilders contributed to the popularity of detached single-family housing, influenced the architecture of single-family homes, and contributed to shaping the culture of habitation. Through their customer magazines, aimed at non-professional housebuilders, German building societies played a crucial role in the constitution of self-provided detached housing. With a focus on the Kleinhaus (small house), this paper uses mediated representations of built houses to trace the evolution of single-family houses in Germany from the 1920s to the 1960s, as they were represented in Mein Eigenheim, a customer magazine of the Wüstenrot — Gesellschaft der Freunde (GdF) building society. During the Weimar era (1919–1933), the GdF magazine highlighted the affordability and modest size of the Kleinhaus. Following the financial crisis of the late 1920s and the rise of Nazism, the economy of self-sufficiency, centred on vegetable gardens, became a popular theme. During the 1950s, under the influence of increasing material progress, the significance of the Kleinhaus changed. The gardens lost their economic function and became extended living spaces. In the late 1950s, the Kleinhaus lost its dominant position on the housing market, with the emergence of new building types such as the bungalow and larger homes with two full storeys, which better catered to the desires of an affluent and increasingly individualised society.

presso lo studio di Renato Rizzi con Kuno Mayr, Sergio Pauletto, Nicola Brembilla, Luisa Gregorelli, Alberto Lancerin, Marco Miglioranzi, Caterina Pregazzi, Andrea Rossetto, Valentina Rossi, Daniel Tiozzo


Il senso dell’architettura dipende dal senso che la nostra cultura ha dell’”umano”: di protesi meccanica, nella nostra secolarizzazione nichilista. Ma se si dovesse ripensare all’”umano” nella sua originaria dimensione sacrale-divina, le forme dell’architettura riacquisterebbero nuovamente la loro dimensione mitico-simbolica. La scala dell’architettura non è allora in relazione solamente con un fatto dimensionale, piuttosto rappresenta la relazione, ben più interessante e complessa, con i valori (metafisici). Opera costruita.

Housing transformation is a major strategy among low-income households in formal and informal settlements. Domestic spaces are produced for social unity. This study illustrates the analysis of domestic spaces in a low-income settlement and their impact on the inhabitants' ways of life. The factors that affect the physical organization of spaces and its quality are evaluated with respect to the survival strategy of the low-income dwellers. The space organization of the dwelling units illustrates different structures and forms that may not fit the conventional understanding of modern urban housing. The space organization of a dwelling reflects the user's needs and space requirements and the incremental developments that are experienced with a mutual understanding of the neighbors. In this respect, the physical characteristics of a low-income settlement, Ershad Nagar resettlement camp, in Dhaka are investigated. In addition to housing and neighborhood characteristics, the economic, social and cultural status of the residents in those areas are examined. The study shows that the domestic spaces of the low-income housing are being transformed. The transformation of domestic spaces reflects the overall housing transformation of the settlement.

Depuis l’apparition du logement marinier jusqu’à la transformation des cales en pièces de vie, nous suivons dans cet article les transformations du bateau de commerce de petit gabarit (principalement les « 38 mètres ») sur les fleuves et canaux bruxellois et wallons. Nous montrons comment, à partir de 1975, le déclin de la batellerie, mais également le contexte social et spatial particulier, permettent le développement du phénomène d’habitat fluvial, initié par des gens d’à terre. De cette manière, nous cherchons à tracer la genèse du logement fluvial, habitat non-conventionnel qui n’en reste pas moins un habitat à part entière, et non une excentricité anecdotique.

The architectural practice that constituted modern architecture in the islands of Puerto Rico and Cuba during the years 1960-1969 developed hand in hand with socio-political and economic reformations. At the heart of these processes, innovative experimental social housing became the raison d'etre of urban, scientific and technological research. Even though many ingenious projects proposed by local as well as foreign architects were praised for their technological and form making innovations, they failed as models for future housing developments. Following Martin Heidegger's Building Dwelling Thinking, the crisis of these experimental dwellings revealed the disarticulated relation between housing form and socially shared modes of dwelling and habitation.

The dream of the “machine-made house” was part of the early 20th century modernist vision of standardised housing with factory-produced interchangeable components, modular plans and elevations produced at a price accessible to every citizen. The ambitious prefabricated steel house known as “the Beaufort House” was designed and developed by the Beaufort Division of the Commonwealth Department of Aircraft Production (DAP) located at Fishermen’s Bend, Melbourne and Essendon Airport. The highly efficient Beaufort Division manufactured twin engine Beaufort Bombers under license during the 1939-45 War. The Beaufort House was designed by Arthur Baldwinson (Chief Architect) and the staff of the Beaufort Division.