History of Central and Southeastern Europe

Серед подій, які вплинули на майбутню історію України знаковою подією стала битва на Синіх Водах восени 1362 року, коли військо Великого Князя Литовського Ольгерда завдало поразки об’єднаним силам трьох місцевих володарів Орди, яка панувала у ті часи над більшою частиною нашого краю. Вдало використавши політичну ситуацію та підтримку місцевого населення князь Ольгерд поклав початок новій добі у відносинах з колись всемогутньою державою нащадків Чінгізхана. У цій битві та у
подальших подіях вагому роль відіграли воїни з земель Русі, очолювані князями з династій Гедиміновичів та Рюриковичів. Серед них мав бути і родоначальник знаменитого роду князів Острозьких Данило з Острога, подвигами якого по праву пишалися сучасники і нащадки. Битва на Синій Воді поклала початок новій епосі, визначивши на століття наперед долю українських земель, їх європейський вибір

Країна таврів Зараз ми називаємо давній Крим Тавридою, країною таврів. Почалася ця історія ще за Гомера. Іфігенію, доньку грецького царя і наречену героя Ахілла, греки принесли в жертву богу Посейдону під час плавання до Іліону, відомого ще як Троя. Ті події, що відбулися близько 1200 р. до н.е., відомі нам як Троянська війна, оспівані аедом, співцем давньої історії Еллади Гомером у гімнах "Іліади". За легендою богиня Артеміда викрала дівчину з-під жертовного ножа, поставивши замість неї білу лань. Дівчину ж богиня перенесла до свого святилища у Тавриді-землі таврів, де вона решту життя приносила в жертву усіх греків, що потрапляли в ці землі. Ахілл довго шукав свою наречену, але так і не знайшов, отримавши від богів у володіння острів Левке і безсмертя. Згодом брати Іфігенії Орест і Пілад викрали її у таврів разом із ідолом Артеміди і привезли до Авліди, що у Елладі, де жриця Артеміди доживала свого віку. Довга піщана коса на узбережжі Понта Евксинського, яке зараз має назву Чорне море, називалася Ахиллів Біг. На думку давньогрецьких картографів саме по ній біг Ахілл, намагаючись наздогнати свою наречену. Сучасна її назва-Тендрівська коса, що в Миколаївській області. Острів Левке (з давньогрецької-Білий), дарований богами Ахіллу після смерті, зараз називається Зміїним, що в Одеській області. «...Він називається також Ахіловими Бігом (Білий берег), оскільки в той час як Ахілл сватався за Іфігенію і вона була привезена заради нього в Авліду, внаслідок лиха, що трапилося для плавання еллінам до Іліону, захотіли принести її в жертву за успішне плавання, але Артеміда вхопила її і принесла до Скіфської місцевосці до таврів, а закоханий Ахілл ішов за нею і супроводжував до того острова, що називається Білим» [Схолії до Піндара (VІ-Vст.до н. е.) Schol. ad Pind,. Nem ,. ІV, 79 (49)].

The critical literature on peacebuilding has mainly addressed the local and its agency in the post-conflict phase while the nexus between context occurring prior to the implementation of the liberal peace agenda and subsequent hybridization of the local and the international has largely been overlooked. Accordingly, this text discusses the idea that success of any peacebuilding project is also dependent on political, economic or social circumstances present in a country or region before international intervention. Hence, the article analyses the context in the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (sfry) before the conflicts in the 1990s as a decisive factor to understanding successful implementation of the liberal peace in the region.

The book "Croatian Legal History in the European Context From the Middle Ages to the Contemporary Period" is the first complete university manual of the Croatian legal history since introduction of that course-subject at the  Faculty of Law of the University of Zagreb in 1911. The book presents principal legal institutions and the institutional development in the current Croatian area as well as fragments of development of Bosnia and Herzegovina from the 7th century to the Croatian accession to the EU in 2013. It also presents principal legal systems that influenced the Croatian development (Byzantium, Venice, Kingdom of Franks, Wholly Roman Empire, Austria, Hungary).

Knjiga je prvi cjeloviti udžbenik iz predmeta hrvatska pravna povijest od njegova uvođenja u program Pravnog fakulteta u Zagrebu 1911. U knjizi se prate procesi državnopravnog i pravnog razvoja od srednjeg vijeka do 2012. na područjima koja čine Republiku Hrvatsku, a izloženi su i fragmenti državnopravnog i pravnog razvoja Bosne i Hercegovine. U prvom je poglavlju sažeto izložen i politički, državni i pravni razvoj onih država u sklopu kojih su se nalazila pojedina hrvatska područja i čiji je pravni sustav utjecao na njihov razvoj (Bizant, Mletačka Republika, Franačka, Sveto Rimsko Carstvo Njemačke Narodnosti, Austrija i Habsburgovci te Ugarska). U prikazu gradiva naglasak je stavljen na institucionalnu (pravnu) dimenziju, ali je ona prikazana u političkom i društvenom kontekstu odnosno u društvenom realitetu svog vremena. Osnovna pažnja poklonjena je javnom pravu odnosno ustavnom i upravnom pravu i organizaciji vlasti, ali se opširno izlažu i institucije kaznenog, građanskog i oba postupovna prava uz nastojanje da se oni prikažu kroz funkcioniranje u zbilji, a ne tek kroz prikaz normativnih obilježja. U prikazu pojedinih institucija preuzetih u hrvatski pravni sustav ukazuje se na njihovo porijeklo i na promjene koje su ti instituti doživjeli prilikom preuzimanja.

Rights of citizens and modern institutions: European and Croatian legal traditions. The book focuses on the right of citizens in the period of "the long ninteenth century" as the formative period of the modern institutions. The methodological basis of the book is center-periphery approach. Croatia is defined as a double (two-dimensional) periphery regarding political environment with the centres in Vienna and Budapest and regarding legal-cultural environment with the principal influence by the Austrian legal system and partial influences by German and French legal theory and legislation. Special chapters are devoted to comparative analysis of historical development of the right of citizens and the right of domicile (Heimatrecht), suffrage, right of public assembly, electoral law, right of association and right of petition, freedom of the press and trial by jury, equality of religions before the law.
Knjiga je poredbena studija u čijem je žarištu pravna regulativa koja se odnosi na pojedina prava građana u formativnom razdoblju njenog nastanka u "dugom devetnaestom stoljeću".  U prvom je poglavlju elaboriran koncept središta i periferije kao metodološka osnova rekonstrukcije prijenosa prava na europskom prostoru te osnova pristupa procesu modernizacije pravnog sustava u zemljama periferije u koje su ubrojene i hrvatske zemlje. Potom su izložene povijesne i konceptualne odrednice pojmova rule of law i Rechtsstaat kao okosnice razumijevanja tih procesa. U glavnom dijelu knjige prikazane su pojedina prava građana koja su od 1848. do 1918. institucionalno uobličena u pravnom sustavu autonomne kraljevine Hrvatske i Slavonije i to: pravo državljanstva i pravo zavičajnosti, pravo glasa (izborno zakonodavstvo), pravo na javno okupljanje, pravo udruživanja i pravo peticije, sloboda tiska i njegova sudska zaštita kroz porotno suđenje, jednakopravnost vjera. U prikazu je najprije rekonstruiran relevantni europski okvir, a potom proces uobličavanja odgovarajuće hrvatske regulative i njen značaj. U zaključnom je dijelu proces modernizacije hrvatskog pravnog sustava rekonstruiran u vidu modela koji je uobličen i kao grafički prikaz.

Učebný text smeruje k sumarizácii ústavných dejín a dejín verejnej správy na území Slovenska. Opúšťa prísne chronologický rámec narácie a smeruje k jednotlivým inštitútom a inštitúciám, ktorých historický vývoj je opísaný samostatne. Tak je predstavený vzťah medzinárodného práva a ústavného vývoja, najvyššie štátne orgány (parlament, hlava štátu, vláda), orgány súdnej moci a orgány miestnej správy.

Profondément originale dans sa conception comme dans son écriture, cette enquête historique est une réflexion exemplaire sur les silences du passé. Lire la suite

Exception en Europe, un État allié du Reich a refusé de déporter sa communauté juive. Cette image de la Bulgarie pendant la seconde guerre mondiale a prévalu jusque récemment, quitte à omettre que, dans les territoires de la Yougoslavie et de la Grèce occupés par ce pays entre 1941 et 1944, la quasi-totalité des Juifs ont été raflés, convoyés vers la Pologne et exterminés.

Au terme d'une vaste enquête documentaire et archivistique, Nadège Ragaru reconstitue l’origine de ce qui a longtemps été tenu pour un socle de faits vrais parce que largement crus. Elle explique pourquoi une seule facette d’un passé complexe et contradictoire a fait l’objet d’une transmission prioritaire ; comment les déportations, sans être oblitérées, sont devenues secondaires dans les discours publics, les musées, les livres d’histoire et les arts ; comment la mise en écriture des persécutions contre les Juifs en Bulgarie s’est retrouvée l’otage de la guerre froide puis des luttes politiques et mémorielles de l’après-communisme dans les Balkans et le reste du monde.

Profondément originale dans sa conception comme dans son écriture, cette enquête historique est une réflexion exemplaire sur les silences du passé.

Wybór Stefana Batorego na tron Rzeczypospolitej utorował drogę do kariery także członkom jego rodziny. Po niespodziewanej śmierci króla jego ambitne plany usiłowało zrealizować czterech bratanków, przede wszystkim zaś Andrzej, uważany za duchowego spadkobiercę stryja. Jako kardynał musiał wypełniać zadania stawiane przed nim przez Kościół, jednocześnie za pomocą zawiłych rozgrywek usiłował bronić interesów Batorych i jedności rodu, mając przeciw sobie Habsburgów, Szwecję i Moskwę.

Tengrism, Zoroastrianism, Mithraism, these are the three most popular areas of religious research in Bulgarian scholarship regarding the pre-Christian beliefs in Danube Bulgaria prior to AD 864. This paper tries to shed light to both the strong and weak sides of these hypotheses.

Gyarmati, György – Slachta, Krisztina (Hrsg.): Das Vorspiel für die Grenzöffnung: Das Paneuropäische Picknick in Sopron am 19. August 1989. L'Harmattan Verlag - ÁBTL, Állambiztonsági Szolgálatok Történeti Levéltára,  Sopron - Budapest. 2014. pp.177.

L´article (en tchèque) présente le panorama des traductions poétiques tchèques des œuvres de Paul Verlaine. Parmi ses premiers traducteurs figuraient à la fin du 19e siècle de telles personnalités de la vie littéraire tchèques comme Jaroslav Vrchlický ou Emanuel z Lešehradu. Dans les années vingt et trente, Paul Verlaine fut traduit en tchèque surtout par Karel Čapek, Jaroslav Seifert, Bohuslav Reynek, et après la seconde guerre mondiale par František Hrubín, Zdeňka Bergrová, Gustav Francl, Petr Kopta, Jan Vladislav, Patrik Ouředník, et bien d´autres poètes tchèques.

This is an analysis of various forms of ethnic and national identities in the Kingdom of Serbia and the Kingdom of Yugoslavia using the A-B-C continuum offered by Miroslav Hroch. It contrasts the ethnic and religious homo-geneity of the Principality and Kingdom of Serbia with the heterogeneity of interwar Yugoslavia. The author traces the improper handling of the minority question in the Kingdom of Yugoslavia to the experience of Serbian elites in the period before 1913; and experience that led them to think that the ethnic question could easily be resolved. The concept of Yugoslavism directly excluded 13% of population who belonged to non-Slavic minorities, and antagonised an additional quarter, who were Croats. This undermined the stability of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia, and the ultimate acceptance of the Banovina of Croatia signalled the defeat of the integral royalist version of Yugoslavism.

Този доклад е продължение (втора част) на лекцията озаглавена “Причерноморието – люлка на европейската цивилизация и Тракия като арийска сърцевина”, изнесена пред Международната научна конференция “Древна Тракия – сакрално и профанно. България, Балканите и Черноморската област”, Пловдив, 2019. Докато в първата част вниманието е фокусирано върху аргументи в полза на тезата за депресията, която днес е леглото на Черно море, като не само подслон за преживяване, но и “люлка” за създаване на генетичен резервоар благоприятстващ развитие на подслонената общност, втората част разглежда доказателствата за твърдението, че тук се развива бъдещата хронологически първа за човечеството цивилизация – тази на Арите (Арийците), които по-късно биват наричани също и Пеласги, Траки, Кимери, Илири и пр. Представени са няколко образци на урбанизирани общности на средна възраст около 7000 години, тоест, предхождащи всички други известни на човечеството. Представени са и оцелели във времето образци на протописменост, разпръснати преимуществено из Арийския континуум на Блаканите, тоест в ареала на Траките. В заключение е публикуван апел към всички – в научните среди, както и в кръговете на местния патриотизъм, за употреба на точна терминология, без ограниченията на политическата коректност и каквито и да е други съображения отвъд обективната реалност, за да се спрат спекулациите с нашето историческо и културно наследство.

The University Library in Bologna possesses a plan dated circa 1626, by the Florentine architect and military engineer Giovanni Pieroni, concerning proposed fortification with a contemporary survey of Vyšehrad castle, drawn in particular detail in the area of the ruined former royal acropolis prior to its Baroque redevelopment to a fort, providing a valuable glimpse of the earlier constructions. Additionally the plan depicts elements not revealed from the archaeological excavations, comprehensively published in 2004–2015. Also prospects by the Dutch draftsmen, Roelandt Savery and Paulus van Vianen, who worked in Prague at the court of Rudolph II, are equally valuable for the topography of Vyšehrad. These documents help to interpret other known iconographic sources, mainly the two Sadeler’s prospects from 1606, and depict the royal acropolis in greater detail. They also bring new knowledge of its layout in the period of Charles IV and Wenceslas IV, especially regarding the questions about its gates and palaces.

Avtor se spopade z enim najbolj perečih problemov arheologije v Sloveniji, to je problem staroslovanskega svetišča na Ptuju. Predstavi pester potek odkritja zloglasnega objekta v pestrih povojnih letih v Jugoslaviji med velikimi arheološkimi izkopavanji na zahodnem platoju ptujskega gradu. V ospredje postavi ozadje debate med Josipom Korošcem in Franjem Bašem. Sledi argumentom ene in druge strani ter predstavi nova dognanja. Poglobi se v primerjavo z Arkono, ki je bila temelj Koroščeve teze. Nato se osredotoči na arhitektonske probleme objekta in morebitno rekonstrukcijo. Predstavi argumente za obravnavo objekta kot negativa srednjeveškega oziroma po zadnjih tezah morda celo poznoantičnega stolpa.

The modelling and visualisation of networks is based on the material in: M. Mullett, Theophylact of Ochrid. Reading the Letters of a Byzantine Archbishop. Birmingham 1997.

The first graph is a visualisation of the connections between letters in localities between which these letters were exchanged (" 2mode network").

The second graph is a visualisation of the weighted network of localities on the basis of Theophylact´s correspondence; two localities are connected if letters of Theophylact were exchanged between them. Links are scaled according to the number of letters within Theophylact´s collection documenting exchanges between them.

The third graph visualises these connections between localities on a map. Links are again scaled according to the number of letters within Theophylact´s collection documenting exchanges between them. The size of nodes is scaled according to their number of connections within the network ("degree").

The fourth graph is a "zoom" into these geographical visualisation of the network for the Western Balkans; links are again scaled according to the number of letters within Theophylact´s collection documenting exchanges between them.

For the localisation of sites within the historical region of Macedonia cf. also the upcoming volumes on Macedonia (Southern Part) by Peter Soustal and on Macedonia (Northern Part) by Mihailo Popovic within the series "Tabula Imperii Byzantini" (http://www.oeaw.ac.at/imafo/die-abteilungen/byzanzforschung/communities-landscapes/historische-geographie/)

For any further questions, please contact [email protected].

Utjecaj češke na hrvatsku arhitekturu 20. stoljeća izuzetno je velik, djelom zahvaljujući djelovanju čeških arhitekata u Hrvatskoj (na primjer u izgradnji kompleksa Batine tvornice u Borovu), no još više stoga što je cijeli niz hrvatskih i jugoslavenskih arhitekata završio školovanje na njemačkoj ili češkoj politehnici u Pragu. Među najvažnije od njih spada Marko Vidaković (Golubinci, 18. 7. 1890. – Zagreb, 5. 1. 1976.). Nakon jedne godine studiranja na Visokoj tehničkoj školi u Beču (1909. – 1910.), na Česká vysoká škola technická u Pragu studirao je s prekidima između 1910. i 1919. Vidaković je odigrao ključnu ulogu u pojavi moderne u arhitekturi Hrvatske organiziranjem izložbe Čehoslovačke savremene arhitekture u Zagrebu (17. 3. – 1. 4. 1928.) koju je priredio uz pomoć Zdenĕka Wirtha iz Čehoslovačkog ministarstva za školstvo i narodnu prosvjetu. Nedugo poslije izložbe projektirao je i podigao jednu od prvih građevina internacionalnog stila u Zagrebu, vilu Ljudevita Pfeffermanna (Jurjevska 27a, 1928. – 1929.). I u ovome i u kasnijim njegovim projektima (poput nerealiziranog projekta paviljona za Zagrebački zbor iz 1931.) osjeća se utjecaj radova čeških arhitekata. Iako nakon vile Pfeffermann Vidaković neće imati prilike realizirati važnije građevine, iz projekata koje je izrađivao (tramvajska stajališta, 1930. ; umjetnički dom, 1930. ; klinika za otorinolaringologiju, 1940., sve u Zagrebu) očito je kako se radilo o vrlo talentiranom arhitektu koji je potpuno prihvatio leksik moderne arhitekture. U širenju internacionalnog stila u Hrvatskoj i Jugoslaviji odigrao je važnu ulogu i putem svojih brojnih tekstova publiciranih u časopisu Arhitektura iz Ljubljane, te u zagrebačkim i beogradskim dnevnim novinama. Tijekom Drugog svjetskog rata aktivno je sudjelovao u spašavanju srpske djece u profašističkoj Nezavisnoj Državi Hrvatskoj.

The question of downfall of communist regime in (Czecho)Slovakia and in the Soviet bloc was a key topic discussed by the Hlinka's Slovak People's Party's post-war exile. Slovak emigrants precepted the collapse of communism in Europe as an opportunity for their return to motherland as well as a breaking point for restart of their political career. Anti-communist persuasion of the emigrants thus had two dimensions: personal (a sincere desire to crush the Eastern bloc and communist regime ruling in Slovakia) and pragmatic (to use Anti-communism as a tool, which legitimizes their comeback to domestic politics). The chapter sketches the plans and projects of Slovak exile organizations (Slovak Liberation Committee, Slovak National Council Abroad and Union of Slovak Combatants) to defeat the Communism in the context of international Anti-Communist movement and barriers defined by international geopolitics after 1945.

Summary
THE IMAGE OF BANAT IN THE GERMAN CHRONICLES IN THE SECOND HALF OF THE 18TH CENTURY
Maria Alexandra PANTEA
The writings of Johann Jakob Ehrler, Francesco Griselini and Johann Kaspar Steube from the second half of the eighteenth century catch a glimpse of the historical transformation of Banat. In these years the authorities took the first steps of modernization. Their notes and writings show the cultural diversity of the empire, but also the difference between Banat and other provinces.
Keywords: Banat, German Chronicles, Jacob Johann Ehrler, Kaspar Johann Steube, Francesco Griselini

Rezumat
Însemnările lui Jacob Johann Ehrler, Francesco Griselini şi Kaspar Johann Steube din a doua jumătate a secolului al XVIII-lea prezintă imaginea Banatului în transformare. Atunci autorităţile au luat primele măsuri de modernizare. Din aceste însemnări putem să vedem diversitatea culturală a imperiului, dar şi diferenţa dintre Banat şi celelalte provincii.
Cuvinte cheie: Banat, cronici germane, Jacob Johann Ehrler, Kaspar Johann Steube, Francesco Griselini

The aim of the present contribution is to provide a first sketch of the possibilities for further research in the field of dynastic memory and identity of the Jagiellonians in the preserved genealogical material. We tried to give an overview of the vast corpus of genealogical literature, sermons, treaties, depictions and artistic representations dating to the sixteenth and early seventeenth century.  What appears as evident is that the Jagiellonian identity in the genealogies of the Holy Roman Empire is first and foremost regnal.

This dissertation explores the popularisation of Charles Darwin’s evolutionary theory in Romania from 1859 to 1918. Placing Darwinism in the Romanian context is important in several ways, as not only gives a picture of the interconnectedness between the political and the scientific construction of knowledge, but also reveals how cultural hegemony was formed in the European periphery. The research traces the multidirectionality of scientific ideas, highlighting its top-down and bottom up character. It focuses on the social staging of Darwinism, materially and culturally (in printed texts and institutions), politically (in ideological contests and outcomes), and scientifically (in epistemological negotiations). Finally, it explores the relationship between these historical agents.

Special attention is given to science popularisation journals, pamphlets, manuals of natural history and museum artefacts in Romania, which addressed the evolutionary theory and its role for the adoption of the biological perspective in studies of ecology. To this end, the dissertation provides a detailed analysis of the social context in which scientific institutions and associations operated, exploring how Romanian naturalists acquired scientific authority, while deciding which scientific theories circulated in the public sphere. At the same time, the dissertation highlights how Darwinism was intertwined with ideas of racial, social and gender inequalities. Drawing on relevant comparisons with other countries, it reveals the development of a scientific public in
Romania at the end of the nineteenth century, and the role played by popular knowledge and counterpublics in scientific debates.

Women, fashion, consumption, luxury, and education are the main subjects of our researchers. The contributors of this volume accompanied women and objects in their travels across Modern Europe and offered thorough and diverse analyses connecting the circulation of people with the circulation of ideas. Making use of the archive materials, visual sources and museum collections, the authors pointed out the richness of the region and the role of women in promoting new ideas of modernity. The information contained here will help the public to better know and understand the part of women's sociability in building new nations and constructing new identities along South-Eastern Europe and beyond.

Using the example of the multi-ethnic Austro-Hungarian coastal region and drawing from large and new source material, Péter Techet shows a Catholic Church in which conflicts are rooted in the social interests of marginalized groups. The narrative of a Habsburg monarchy that has been falling apart by nationalism is thus called into question. Especially in the present time, when national and religious issues are again increasingly polarizing in Europe, the study makes an important contribution to understanding nationally and religiously (mis)understood conflict situations.

The article focuses on the drawings and oleography of Ferdinand Quiquerez titled Crossing the Sava River at Brod (1878/79), a visual metaphor of the Austro-Hungarian occupation (and administration) of Bosnia and Herzegovina. The composition shows the citizens of various religions and confessions in Bosanski Brod, festively awaiting Josip Filipović, commander of the Austro-Hungarian army, in the afternoon hours of July 29, 1878, the day when the occupation began. Even though Quiquerez’s composition has been considered as construed and untruthful, a figment of his imagination rather than a depiction of the actual event, a report of a correspondent of the official gazette Narodne novine shows that this is not the case. Wishing to eternalize the occupation of Bosnia, Quiquerez did not focus on the warfare between the Austro-Hungarian troops and the Muslim population of Bosnia and Herzegovina, like the illustrators working for the European (especially German and Austrian) magazines of the time. He did not choose as his motive the heroism of Austro-Hungarian soldiers or the cruelty of Bosnian-Herzegovinian rebels, but decided to show how the Austro-Hungarian army, after three years of bloody uprising against the Ottoman Empire, brought peace and concord between the three religious groups living there, and eventually the European, Western civilization. Even though treating the Bosnian people as the Others with regard to the Austro-Hungarian army, and even though stereotyping and exoticizing them, he also showed sympathy for them and emphasized the need of unity. The oleography made after Quiquerez’s work was published by Bothe in Zagreb. Its publication should be seen in the context of military propaganda, which was omnipresent at the time: it celebrated the victories of the Austro-Hungarian army as a rare institution that remained common to the entire monarchy after the Austro-Hungarian Compromise. It also celebrated General Josip Filipović, who came to be considered as a sort of Austro-Hungarian national hero for his successful occupation.

Članak govori o crtežima i oleografiji Ferdinanda Quiquereza Prijelaz Save kod Broda, nastalima 1878. – 1879. godine, koji predstavljaju vizualnu metaforu Austro-ugarske okupacije (i uprave) Bosne i Hercegovine. Kompozicija prikazuje kako građani Bosanskog Broda svih vjeroispovijesti svečano dočekuju u popodnevnim satima 29. srpnja 1878., na dan kada je počela okupacija, zapovjednika austrougarskih trupa Josipa Filipovića. Iako se pretpostavljalo kako je Quiquerezova kompozicija konstruirani nevjerodostojan prikaz, proizašao iz slikareve mašte, a ne stvarnog događaja, izvještaj dopisnika zagrebačkog službenog dnevnika Narodnih novina, odaje nam da to ipak nije slučaj. Odlučivši ovjekovječiti zauzimanje Bosne Quiquerez se ne usredotočuje, poput ilustratora koji su radili za onovremene europske (ponajprije njemačke i austrijske) ilustrirane časopise, na borbe između austrougarskih trupa i muslimanskog dijela stanovništva Bosne i Hercegovine, ne odabire za svoju temu junaštvo austrougarskih vojnika, niti svirepost bosanskohercegovačkih ustanika, već odlučuje prikazati kako nakon tri godine krvavog ustanka protiv osmanske države Austro-Ugarska nosi Bosni mir, slogu između triju glavnih konfesionalnih skupina koje u njoj obitavaju te, konačno, zapadnu, europsku civilizaciju. Iako tretira bosansko stanovništvo kao Druge, u odnosu na austrougarske trupe, iako ih donekle stereotipizira i egzotizira, nesumnjivo s njime i simpatizira, te naglašava važnost njihova zajedništva. Oleografiju je prema Quiquerezovu djelu izdao zagrebački izdavač Bothe. Njezino izdavanje treba promatrati u kontekstu u to vrijeme široko raširene vojne propagande. Djelo je veličalo uspjehe austrougarske vojske, jedne od rijetkih institucija koja je i nakon Austro-ugarske nagodbe bila zajednička za cijelu Monarhiju. Veličalo je i generala Josipa Filipovića koji će postati svojevrsnim autrougarskim narodnim junakom zbog uspješno provedene okupacije.

The Balkans offer classic examples of how empires imagine they can transform themselves into national states (Ottomanism) and how nation-states project themselves into future empires (as with the Greek "Great Idea" and the Serbian "Načertaniye"). By examining the interaction between these two aspirations this volume sheds light on the ideological prerequisites for the emergence of Balkan nationalisms.

With a balance between historical and literary contributions, the focus is on the ideological hybridity of the new national identities and on the effects of "imperial nationalisms" on the emerging Balkan nationalisms. The authors of the twelve essays reveal the relation between empire and nation-state, proceeding from the observation that many of the new nation-states acquired some imperial features and behaved as empires. This original and stimulating approach reveals the imperialistic nature of so-called ethnic or cultural nationalism.