Historical Reconstruction

Popularyzacja wyników badań przybiera rozmaite formy, a badacze niekiedy prześcigają się w sposobach docierania z nauką do ludzi pozornie nią niezainteresowanych. Chwytliwe tytuły, ciekawa oprawa czy próba dotarcia do większej ilości odbiorców w trakcie imprez masowych mogą przynosić wymierne skutki, choć pozostaje pytanie na ile właściwa jest to grupa odbiorców?
Poster prezentuje rezultaty dwóch wakacyjnych spotkań średniowiecznych, realizowanych w Rezerwacie Archeologicznym w Kaliszu-Zawodziu, w trakcie których przeprowadzono szereg eksperymentów archeologicznych związanych z średniowieczną kuchnią, barwiarstwem, piwowarstwem, wytwórczością tekstylną, malarstwem i rzeźbą. Weekendowe spotkania rekonstruktorów z grupy Kancelaria Komesa Mikołaja Bronisza spotykały się z zainteresowaniem turystów, którzy na własną rękę starali zaspokoić swoją ciekawość metodą dyskusji i stawianych pytań.
Być może poczucie wiedzy zastrzeżonej, dostępnej jedynie grupie ludzi uczestniczących w eksperymencie archeologicznym pobudza ciekawość biernych obserwatorów i skłania do zagłębienia się w prezentowany temat?

Данная статья предлагает некоторые принципы реконструкции истории древнего Израиля, которые могут помочь избежать крайностей как фундаментализма (библейский текст понимается как буквально достоверный), так и гиперкритицизма (любое сообщение библейского текста отвергается сходу как недостоверное). Любая реконструкция предлагает лишь вероятностную модель, но не истину в последней инстанции, археологические данные обладают приоритетом, но не правом на односторонний диктат, привлекаться должны все доступные данные и учитываться все разумные объяснения. Крайне важно при этом понять, как и в каких отношениях можно доверять библейскому тексту. Здесь помогут критерии нарративного анализа: наибольшую степень историчности можно приписать тем повествованиям, которые наименее удобны для повествователя, а степень его личной вовлеченности может подсказать, насколько близок он к очевидцам описываемых событий. Эти принципы, равно как и общие проблемы реконструкции истории древнего Израиля, проиллюстрированы конкретными примерами.

There is no doubt that Glenn May’s "Inventing a hero" is relatively well researched. However, a good book must likewise entail good reasoning. Unfortunately, May’s arguments are full of fallacies, particularly hasty generalizations and argumentum ad ignorantiam. Moreover, the criteria between “historical reconstruction” and “historical re-creation” should be made clear. If the motive alone is the criterion, then it is very problematic.

Les Romains célébraient des cérémonies rituelles en l'honneur des divinités domestiques de façon quotidienne. Que nous est-il parvenu des célébrations de ces sacra sollemnia ? Ce mémoire permet de faire le point sur les connaissances que nous possédons concernant les rituels domestiques quotidiens des Romains, sur la zone vésuvienne autour du Ier siècle avant - Ier siècle après Jésus-Christ. Y est ainsi fait une analyse prenant en compte tous les aspects qui constituent ce que nous désignons sous le terme de rituel : acteurs, tenues, instrumentum, lieux, destinataires des rituels, odeurs, sons, paroles, mouvements et offrandes. À l'issue de l'analyse, ces données sont remises en contexte pour présenter un scénario restituant les cérémonies rituelles à l'aide des informations nous étant parvenues.

How may we best utilize mobile augmented reality for storytelling when reconstructing historical events on location? In this article we present a series of narrative design considerations when developing an augmented reality application recreating the assault on Omaha Beach in the early morning on D-Day. To what extent may we select existing genre conventions from, for example , documentary film, and adapt them to a location-based audiovisual medium like AR? How can we best combine sequence and access, the narrative flow of an unfolding historical event with the availability of background information, in order to enrich the experience of the story, but without distorting its coherence? To what extent may we draw from existing and well known media representations of the Omaha Beach landing? How was the battle documented with contemporary means? We present the rich documentation of photos, films, drawings, paintings, maps, action reports, official reports, etc., and discuss how these have been employed to create the published AR situated simulation. We also describe and discuss the testing and evaluation of the application on location with visitors, as well as online tracking of its current use.

In the context set by the colonial expedition of Pánfilo de Narváez (1527), the Moroccan Laila Lalami has elaborated a historical re-construction in The Moor’s Account (2014). This research paper examines the project of re-construction conducted from a postcolonial perspective. Lalami posits the re-writing of the imperial canon, exactly, La Relación (1544). However, other than Lalami’s re-construction of an alternative history, the paper raises the question of ‘validity’ of such project. Towards answering the question of validity in Lalami’s narrative, the paper deploys a postcolonial reading to the novel’s subversive features outlining the author’s ‘historiographic metafiction’. Indeed, the paper assumes that Lalami’s reconstruction reveals certain pitfalls that render the cogency of its discourse and anti-colonial stance to disputation. And the findings of this study are synthesized to confirm the paper’s assumption.

The article is devoted to historical knowledge that the author, by analogy with " the meaning of life " calls " the meaning of history ". This aim cannot be the idea of history as a tool useful for unhistorical purposes. The meaning of history is in establishing the truth and in participation in the intellectual process, called " the court of history ". Keywords: the meaning of history, the court of history, the necessity and inevitability, historical reconstruction, purpose, motive.

This chapter assesses how local constituencies have used architectural reconstructions to "edit" their urban landscapes in the case of Dresden's Church of Our Lady (Frauenkirche) and Berlin's Hohenzollern palace (Stadtschloss). In doing so, the chapter moves beyond an existing body of fractious literature that more often than not declares itself "for" or "against" reconstruction in all times, places, and cultures. Instead, it analyzes the relatoinship of architectural reconstructions to cultural memory, local power dynamics, and the risk that a growing world heritage tourism economy is prompting the conversion of historic monuments that were once territorially and culturally specific into the commodified scenography of U.N.-sanctioned "world heritage."

Фигура царя Давида неизменно была в центре внимания, собственно, со времен жизни самого царя Давида (если считать его реальным историческим персонажем, в чем после находки надписи из Тель-Дана не приходится сомневаться). Но сегодня одни считают его основателем империи, т.е. единой монархии со столицей в Иерусалиме, а другие – эпическим героем, если не вовсе фольклорным персонажем. Статья рассматривает в общих чертах, какие данные у нас есть о Давиде как основателе династии и о Соломоне как его непосредственном преемнике на престоле. Опираясь на библейский текст и сопоставляя его с данными археологии, можно сделать вывод, что единая монархия едва ли была единой и мощной, но, с другой стороны, личность самого Давида выглядит куда реалистичнее, чем образ его преемника Соломона, лишенный конкретики и представляющий типичный рассказ о «золотом веке», отнесенном в прошлое.

How to paint a lemon the 17th-century way? For the educational department of the Rijksmuseum Amsterdam I participated in the making of several tutorial series that are shared on YouTube (channel RijksCreative).

After videos on Rembrandt (for which I explained Rembrandt's and contemporaries' methods for painting portraits and its required material renderings and landscape painting with Rembrandtesque light), we recorded a series on painting techniques throughout art history. Because of my PhD research, I stuck to the 17th century. The episode with instructions for still life painting is (like the Rembrandt episode on portraits and material depiction) derived from my thesis research. Enjoy and do try it yourself if you like!

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Реконструкция истории древнего Израиля представляет особенную проблему в связи с тем, что библейские тексты, в которых описана эта история, были священными книгами на протяжении всей истории своего существования и остаются таковыми по сей день. Любые предлагаемые модели оказываются слишком значимыми для современной религии, политики и идеологии, и потому споры бывают особенно острыми. В статье предлагается краткий обзор современного состояния дискуссии о возникновении израильтян как этноса и о становлении монархии вплоть до династии Давида (само существование которой, впрочем, тоже отрицается некоторыми исследователями). Особую роль здесь может сыграть нарративный анализ, который показывает, какие из библейских повествований написаны очевидцами событий или составлены по рассказам очевидцев, а какие отражают идеализированные представления о прошлом (например, «золотой век» Соломона, который возник и закончился внезапно и ничем не объяснен). Выделяя в библейских повествованиях разные пласты и согласовывая их данные с находками археологов, можно построить достаточно убедительную модель исторической реконструкции и понять, каковы границы научного знания о древнем Израиле на данный момент.

The Church of Our Lady of the Snows in Prague's New Town and its ideal appearance, if completed, is the subject of the work dealing with the mass reconstruction of its appearance and the surrounding buildings from the first half of the 15th century in digital form and processing for physical models. The article focuses on previous texts dealing with the reconstruction of the Prague castles, Prague Castle and Vyšehrad and the Charles Square and its surroundings from before the Hussite wars and is part of a large project for the permanent exhibition of the Museum of the Capital City of Prague - Prague Charles IV. - a medieval town. Within the framework of this project, the Department of Architecture of the Faculty of Civil Engineering of the Czech Technical University in Prague created unique material and virtual models of important Charles foundations, buildings of the entire agglomeration and individual buildings approaching the city. The processing of the models itself was preceded by extensive research activities and the creation of the appearance of the church, with the support of a number of archaeologists and historians from the National Heritage Institute of Prague and the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic. The thesis deals with the process of processing and creating a digital form of this important Prague church and its surroundings from the period of the Luxembourg rule and elaborating a digital model for the production of physical models. With a focus on the reconstruction of the possible form of the interior. The aim of the project is to create a digital and physical model for the presentation of the possible appearance of this building and area in the Middle Ages. The output is both mass models at a scale of 1: 500 and 1: 100, as well as a virtual model of the site and more detailed model of the temple itself.

Chrám Panny Marie Sněžné na Novém Městě pražském a jeho ideální vzhled, pokud by byl dostavěn, je tématem práce zabývající se hmotovou rekonstrukcí jeho podoby a okolní zástavby z 1. pol. 15. století v digitální podobě a ve zpracování pro fyzické modely. Zaměřením článek navazuje na předchozí texty, zabývající se rekonstrukcí podoby pražských hradů, Pražského hradu a Vyšehradu a Karlova náměstí a jeho okolí z doby před husitskými válkami a je součástí velkého projektu pro stálou expozici Muzea Hlavního města Prahy – Praha Karla IV. – středověké město. V rámci tohoto projektu se na Katedře architektury Fakulty stavební ČVUT v Praze vytvářeli unikátní hmotové i virtuální modely důležitých karlovských založení, zástavby celé aglomerace i jednotlivých staveb přibližujících podobu města. Samotnému zpracování modelů předcházela rozsáhlá badatelská činnost a vytváření podoby chrámu, a to s podporou řady archeologů a historiků z NPÚ Praha a AV ČR. Práce se zabývá postupem zpracování a vytváření digitální podoby tohoto významného pražského chrámu a okolí z období vlády Lucemburků a zpracováním digitálního modelu pro výrobu fyzických modelů. Se zaměřením na rekonstrukci možné podoby interiéru. Cílem projektu je vytvořit digitální a fyzický model pro prezentaci možné podoby této stavby a oblasti ve středověku. Výstupem je jak hmotový model v měřítku 1:500 a 1:100, tak virtuální model lokality a podrobnější model samotného chrámu.

The authors examine the anthropological materials of the Sintashta and related cultures of the finale of the middle – the beginning of the late Bronze Age. Theoretical aspects of the problem of morphogenesis in these populations are presented in connection with archeological and genetic studies. The practical part is devoted to the analysis of new craniological sources from the burials of the Sintashta-Abashevo chronological horizon of the forest-steppe Urals. The materials of the collective burial near the village of Malojuldashevo and the burial ground Krasikovo I of the Orenburg region have being published for the first time. The authors determine the place of these populations among the synchronous forms of the Urals and the Volga region. Anthropological heterogeneity of the population has been shown and the prospect of joint archeological-anthropological and genetic studies for the reconstruction of processes of culturogenesis and morphogenesis is considered.

The paper proposes an analysis of the Rocca Roveresca in Senigallia (AN), carried out through historical studies and specific digital surveys. The fortress, in its current structure, was surveyed through 3D laser scanner instruments. At the same time, historical research, conducted in the archives, collected the documentation to the historical evolutionary events that led to the constructive formal material of the fortress as well as more recent restorations. The set-up of all the information obtained between the survey campaign and archival investigation focused at two goals: to elaborate suitable overall representations of the current status of the Rocca but also to produce synthetic but exhaustive 3D models that reconstruct diachronically the most important evolutionary phases of the monument.

Sociohistorical Linguistics in Southeast Asia blends insights from sociolinguistics, descriptive linguistics and historical-comparative linguistics to shed new light on regional Tibeto-Burman language varieties and their relationships across spatial, temporal and cultural differences. The approach is inspired by leading Tibeto-Burmanist, David Bradley, to whom the book is dedicated.

The volume includes twelve original research essays written by eleven Tibeto-Burmanists drawing on first-hand field research in five countries to explore Tibeto-Burman languages descended from seven internal sub-branches. Following two introductory chapters, each contribution is focused on a specific Tibeto-Burman language or sub-branch, collectively contributing to the literature on language identification, language documentation, typological analysis, historical-comparative classification, linguistic theory, and language endangerment research with new analyses, state-of-the-art summaries and contemporary applications.

[Note: pdf includes title pages and front matter only]

This article showcases experimental dress reconstruction as a valuable research tool for the historian. It presents a case study detailing how two underskirts of the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, French Farthingale Rolls and French Wheel Farthingales, were reconstructed using historical techniques and experimental methodologies. The first section outlines my methodological approach to reconstructing these ephemeral garments, exploiting archival and printed records, visual sources and knowledge of seventeenth-century sewing techniques. The second section focuses on the experience of reconstruction and shows how this process allows the historian to form tacit knowledge. This section also raises questions and provides answers about artisanal design practices such as reflective rationality, embodied experiences, and tacit skills that cannot be accessed in other ways. Finally, this article shows how reconstruction can inform understandings of the embodied experiences of dressing and wearing. Dressing the female body in the reconstructed underskirts discussed in this article made it possible to observe the garments’ practical realities and challenge polemical historical sources concerning fashionable sixteenth- and seventeenth-century European dress.

The article contains the description of the clothes of high grade serving people in Siberia at the end of XVI-XVII centuries, which can be used for historical reconstructions of appearance of Russian pathfinders in Siberia and the Far East.

Between the end of the twenties and the beginning of the World war two Turin, as the most of the Italian cities, was endowed by the fascist regime of many new buildings to guarantee its visibility and to control the territory: the fascist party main houses and the local ones. The style that was adopted for these constructions was inspired by the guide lines of the Modern movement which were spreading by a generation of architects as Le Corbusier, Gropius, Mendelsohn. At the end of the war many buildings were reconverted to several functions that led heavy transformations not respectful of the original worth, other were demolished. Today it's possible to rebuild those lost architectures in their primal format as it was created by their architects on paper (and in their mind). This process can guarantee the three-dimensional perception, the authenticity of the materials and the placement into the Turin urban tissue, using static and dynamic digital representation systems. The " three-dimensional re-drawing " of the projects, thought as an heuristic practice devoted to reveal the original idea of the project, inserts itself in a digital model of the urban and natural context as we can live it today, to simulate the perceptive effects that the building could stir up today. The modeling skills are the basis to product videos able to explore the relationship between the environment and " rebuilt architectures " , describing with the synthetic movie techniques, the main formal and perceptive roots. The model represents a scientific product that can be involved in a virtual archive of cultural goods to preserve the collective memory of the architectural and urban past image of Turin.

This paper presents a reconstruction of the phonological inventory of Proto-Totonac-Tepehua (PTT) that differs significantly from previous reconstructions. The chief difference is that the PTT inventory proposed here includes a series of glottalized stops and affricates and does not include a series of laryngealized vowels. It is argued that it is easier to explain the correspondences among cognates in the Totonac and Tepehua languages if the protolanguage includes a series of glottalized stops and affricates. The diachronic changes that are required to account for the distribution of glottalized consonants in the Tepehua languages and laryngealized vowels in the Totonac languages are more natural and less marked under this proposal than under the alternative proposals involving la-ryngealized vowels in PTT. Proper reconstruction of Proto-Totonac-Tepehua, the ancestor of the To-tonac and Tepehua languages of Mexico, has assumed greater urgency in recent years because of the publication of a number of claims regarding the relationship of these languages to other languages and language families in Mesoamerica and beyond. 2 Brown et al. (2011) propose that the Totonac and Tepehua languages are historically related to the Mixe-Zoquean languages and present a reconstruction of what they refer to as Proto-Totozoquean (PTz). Brown et al. (2014) go further and suggest that this putative protolanguage is also related to the ancestor of Chitimacha, an extinct language of Louisi-ana. All of these claims rest on a reconstruction of Proto-Totonac-Tepehua Levy—who have contributed greatly to our work with their data and insight. Finally, we wish to thank our native speaker collaborators who have shared their time, language, and friendship with us. Several of these speakers passed away while this paper was in production. We dedicate this work to their memory. 2 We refer to the protolanguage as Proto-Totonac-Tepehua (abbreviated PTT) instead of Proto-Totonacan (PTn) as in Brown et al. (2011) and Brown et al. (2014).

Este trabajo se presentó en formato póster en el XX Encuentro de Jóvenes Investigadores de Historia Antigua de la Universidad Complutense. En él se reflejan algunas reflexiones sobre la utilidad que puede ofrecer la reconstrucción histórica, regida por un método científico, para la investigación, didactica y divulgación de la Edad del Hierro.

Contemporary Serbia is at an advanced stage of systemic transformation, facing the need to revise its own traditions; in order to become a segment in internation­al market structures, it needs to develop its own recognizable national brands. With subsistence agriculture in mountainous regions, the almost forgotten cook­ing techniques, religious and ethnic beliefs related to food, unique cookware pro­duction, dining etiquette, and a range of ethnological and anthropological condi­tions, the authentic picture of Serbia’s gastronomic heritage becomes holistic and diverse. The gastroheritology project, implemented in Belgrade by the Artis Cen­ter and led by Tamara Ognjević, is an example of how an interdisciplinary research method is constructed which enables all-encompassing collaboration between the academia and tourism organizations and the gastronomy industry aimed at pre­serving and promoting Serbia’s culinary heritage. Gastroheritology as a method of research in cultural heritage was developed on Serbian ground, but through its universality it can be applied to similar research conducted in other European and non-European countries.

A content-oriented research on the fundamental physics concept of mass and mass-energy relationship was carried out, according to the tenets of Design-based Research and adopting the Model of Educational Reconstruction. The classical and special-relativistic meanings of mass were reconstructed through a vertical approach, by exploiting a \\uabhistorical line\\ubb. This brought to design two teaching/learning paths, which were iteratively tested and revised by 14 formative intervention experiments in upper secondary school. Inquiry-based Learning, visualization, WTL strategy, RTEI (POE, PEC), \\uabcollective reasoning\\ubb by interactive/dialogic and interactive/authoritative discourse were used, together with innovative educational materials. Students\\u2019 learning process was locally and globally studied by analysing conceptual change, learning pathways and reasoning profiles.\\uc8 stata condotta una ricerca specifica sul concetto fisico fondamentale di massa e sulla relazione massa-en...

В статье дается анализ исторических традиций проведения светских балов, проводится историческая параллель с возможными вариантами адаптации традиционной бальной культуры в условиях современного вуза. Автор анализирует современный феномен студенческих балов, получающий сегодня распространение в молодежной среде. В статье также выделяются и описываются характерные особенности программ современных студенческих балов. Также предложена идея проекта студенческого бала «Бал Победы».

Conferenza performata sulle danze nella Commedia di Dante Alighieri per il colloquio transnazionale: "Dante La langue et les arts" (Cuneo, Comune di Cuneo, 22 ottobre 2021).

Ringrazio il comitato scientifico e organizzativo: Silvio Alovisio, Davide De Luca, Emanuele De Luca, Andrea Fabiano, Donato Pirovano.

This video article presents an interdisciplinary approach dealing with the reconstruction of the lost embodied knowledge of wearers of late medieval harnesses. Our research is based on inquiries surrounding material culture (arms and armours and the relevant clothing), as well as studies of the technical literature known as fight books. The hypotheses drawn from these are then compared to results obtained from experiencing and experimenting modern-day enactments of gestures while wearing an accurate replica of a harness. Once the difference between experiencing and experimenting is explained, we outline and discuss selected results from our research processes.

Manuscripts are not supposed to be something unknown to the public and possessed by limited circle of people. Manuscripts are cultural heritage of a nation the content of which reflects the ideas, knowledge, tradition, and the patterns of behaviour of the past society. As such they can be of use to different segments of society. This paper discusses the benefits of manuscripts to the efforts to reconstructing Islamic intellectual history in Indonesia by studying the case of local manuscripts in the Minang region. These manuscripts are not only the products of a writing tradition that had a developed strongly in the Minangkabau society, but also a reflection of the living tradition of the society.

The primary focus of presentation centered on the Late Neolithic fertility and immortality beliefs in form of orgiastic proto-Dionysian cult in Southeast Europe  Bronze Age societies. It stresses the importance of investigating the enormous changes in beliefs, rituals and social structure of Proto-Indo-European society that took place between c. 4500-2500 BC, in order to more fully understand subsequent European cultural development using interdisciplinary approach in the study of Usatovo Culture archaeological evidences, relative early Indo-European Mythology, Compartive Literature studies e.t.c. .

Conferenza performata e divulgativa sulla Chiesa e le danze negli scritti dei frati mendicanti del XIII secolo (Roma, Chiesa di san Pio X alla Balduina, 11 gennaio 2022).
Ringrazio per la loro partecipazione: Maria Letizia Guadagni, Giulia Cangianelli, Emma de Miro, Giorgia Moscarini, Elisa Pagano, Alessio Esposito e Giovanni Rinaldi.

I denne meta-tekst reflekteres over forholdet mellem rekonstuktion og aktualisering af fortiden. Artiklen berører diverse problemstillinger relateret til den historiske rekonstruktion af barokken, diverse problemstillinger relateret til aktualiseringen af fortiden, herunder først og fremmest spørgsmål om projektion, samt i forlængelse heraf den historiske forsknings samfundsrelevans.

What are historians doing in the laboratory? Looking back over six years of collaborative work, researchers of the Making and Knowing Project at Columbia University discuss their experience with hands‐on reconstruction as a historical method. This work engages practical forms of knowledge—from pigment‐making to metal casting—recorded in the BnF Ms. Fr. 640, an anonymous French manuscript compiled in the later sixteenth century. Bodily encounters with materials and processes of the past offer insights into the material and mental worlds of early modern artists and artisans, and train the eye in the interpretation of historical objects. At the same time, reconstruction contributes to the interpretation of the text: it is only by attempting to implement the instructions of practical or recipe literature that these texts can be understood as vehicles of emergent knowledge that only fully manifests itself in the doing. Overall, our approach to reconstruction mirrors that of the anonymous author‐practitioner, who explored a wide range of techniques through experimenting and writing.

Conférence performée sur les danses dans la Comédie de Dante Alighieri dans le cadre du colloque transnational : "Dante La langue et les arts" (Nice, Consulat Italien, 18 novembre 2021).
Durant la conférence ont dansé : Athénaïs Pavard, Fabrice Pou et Alexia Richon.

Je remercie le comité scientifique et d'organisation : Silvio Alovisio, Davide De Luca, Emanuele De Luca, Andrea Fabiano, Donato Pirovano.

For centuries, the only painting materials used in stained-glass production were grisaille and yellow (silver) stain. At the end of the fifteenth century, stained-glass painters began to use a new material, sanguine. This paint is mainly produced with iron oxide particles, usually haematite, and allowed to obtain a colour that can vary from yellowish to brownish-red due to the nature and particle size of the iron oxide. A translucent sanguine was mostly applied as flesh and hair colour, with an opaque sanguine used for drapery, architectural motifs, and heraldry. The main goal of this study is to investigate the relationship between historical sources on the preparation and use of sanguine from the fifteenth to the nineteenth centuries and the evolution evidenced in the recipes regarding the production method. Representative recipes from several centuries (sixteenth to nineteenth centuries) were selected and reproduced for this study. These reconstructions were thoroughly characterized using X-ray powder diffraction, optical microscopy (OM), and fibre optic reflectance spectroscopy (FORS). The OM and FORS data were correlated with historic sanguine paints applied on historic stained-glass. The similarities and differences between historic and reconstructed paints are presented. The study of reconstructed sanguine’s adhesion to glass using cross-cut testing was also performed, revealing that the adhesion is strongly influenced, not only by the binder but also by the composition and morphology of the sanguine paint.