Geocriticism

Статья посвящена проблеме изучения литературного образа Тверского края. Задачи проекта – собрать и концептуально осмыслить максимально полный свод путевых записок и очерков путешественников XVI–XX вв. о Твери и Тверском крае и разработать комплексную методологию исследования травелогов. Представленный в статье опыт типологии травелогов основан на двух принципах: во-первых, в нем учтены ландшафтные особенности региона и связанные с ними транспортные возможности путешественников в тот или иной период; во-вторых, принята во внимание оценка не-столичного локуса с внешней (социальной и моральной) точки зрения. Article is devoted to the study of Tver region’s literary image. The objectives of the project are to collect and to interpret conceptually the most complete set of travel notes and essays about Tver and Tver region that were written in XVI–XX centuries and to develop a comprehensive methodology for travelogues researching. Presented in the article travelogues’ typology is based on two principles: it takes into account, firstly, the region’s landscape features and related transport facilities of travel in any given period and, secondly, the evaluation of non-metropolitan locus with the external (social and moral) point of view.

В статье исследуется проблема документализма травелога как документального жанра. Вопрос о документализме (установке на документальность) в современной науке ставится вне исторического кон-текста, почему заведомо оказывается нерешаемым. В настоящем исследовании предложена историческая трактовка этого явления, с учетом эволюции представлений о документализме в процессе развития словесности на этапах дорефлекторного и рефлекторного традиционализма и художественного антитрадиционализма. Инструментом решения проблемы служит понятие культурной дистанции. В травелогах дорефлекторного традиционализма культурную дистанцию определяют возможности коммуникации путешественника и автохтона, обусловленные национальными и языковыми факторами; при всей установке автора на непосредственное восприятие действительности, отражение ее в травелоге всегда характеризуется этнолингвистической относительностью (ограниченностью). В травелогах рефлекторного традиционализма функционируют субъективные, ситуационные ограничения документальности, вызванные пространственными, временными и социальными факторами. Одним из предельных случаев ограниченности документализма является неизбежная в дипломатических травелогах ангажированность. В травелогах эпохи рефлекторного традиционализма активно используются приемы искажения пространства и времени: стяжение пространства, смещение временных вех, деформация пространственных отношений между объектами, замещение реального описания вымышленным или изложением фольклорных записей, беллетризация повествования, редуцирующая жанр к уровню масс-культуры. Возникновение на рубеже XIX–XX вв. «полевых» травелогов, отражающих личное освоение автором того или иного культурного пространства России, свидетельствует о переходе жанра на позиции художественного антитрадиционализма. Вследствие совмещения авторами разных подходов, по мере насыщения книжного рынка травелогами и путеводителями, в общественном сознании формируется определенный образ пространства, культурные признаки которого могут быть довольно далеки от реальной действительности. Анализ фактической достоверности травелога как документального жанра заставляет иначе взглянуть не только на самый этот жанр, но и на проблему документализма в искусстве вообще. /
The paper investigates the problem of documentary traveler as a documentary genre. The question of documentalism (setting for documentary) in modern science is placed outside the historical context, why it is certainly unresolved. The present study proposes a historical interpretation of this phenomenon, taking into account the evolution of the notions of documentalism in the development of literature at the stages of pre-reflex and reflex traditionalism and artistic anti-traditionalism. The instrument of solving the problem is the concept of cultural distance. In the travologists of pre-reflex traditionalism, the cultural distance is determined by the possibilities of communication between the traveler and the autochthon, conditioned by national and linguistic factors; With all the author's attitude to the direct perception of reality, its reflection in the travelogue is always characterized by ethnolinguistic relativity (limitation). In the travologists of reflex traditionalism, subjective, situational limitations of documentary function, caused by spatial, temporal and social factors, function. One of the limiting cases of limited documentalism is the inevitability in diplomatic travel agents. In the travelogue of the era of reflexive traditionalism, methods of distorting space and time are actively used: space contraction, displacement of time marks, deformation of spatial relations between objects, replacement of real description with fictional or exposition of folkloric records, narrative belletrization, reducing genre to the level of mass culture. Appearance at the turn of the XIX-XX centuries. "Field" travel agents, reflecting the author's personal assimilation of this or that cultural space of Russia, testifies to the transition of the genre to the positions of artistic anti-traditionalism. Due to the combination of different approaches by the authors, as the book market saturates with travel agents and guidebooks, a certain image of space is formed in the public consciousness, the cultural attributes of which may be quite far from reality. The analysis of the actual validity of the travelogue as a documentary genre makes it necessary to look differently not only on this genre itself, but also on the problem of documentalism in art in general.

Il volume presenta un'esposizione per percorsi dedicati alle competenze fondamentali e irrinunciabili dello studio della letteratura e al contempo attenti ai cambiamenti in atto nel sistema della cultura contemporanea nonché al ruolo che l’esperienza letteraria svolge in un contesto transnazionale e di costitutiva transmedialità. Vengono dunque esaminate alcune grandi aree della disciplina come la narratologia, lo studio del testo poetico, la retorica, puntando a valorizzarne gli sviluppi teorici e le applicazioni pratiche nell’analisi critica dei testi letterari, e si riflette inoltre sulle diverse relazioni fra letteratura e altre aree del sapere umanistico come per esempio l'antropologia, la traduttologia, le Medical Humanities, la geocritica, gli studi di genere, le Digital humanities.
Da un lato vengono messe a fuoco le più importanti questioni teoriche da sempre al centro della riflessione sulla letteratura e le più recenti proposte metodologiche e critiche offrendo ai lettori gli strumenti principali di analisi e interpretazione del testo letterario. Dall’altro si esplorano i molteplici rapporti che intrecciano la produzione e la ricezione della letteratura con altre aree della cultura e con le riflessioni e pratiche che attraversano il mondo contemporaneo, al di là dei confini istituzionali fra le discipline.
Entrambe le curatrici fanno tesoro della esperienza didattica maturata nei loro corsi universitari e guardano a una diffusione del volume in ambito accademico nonché nel contesto del più ampio pubblico degli studiosi di letteratura interessati ad un approccio critico aggiornato.

The book presents an itinerary dedicated to the fundamental and indispensable competences of the study of literature and, at the same time, attentive to the changes taking place in the system of contemporary culture and to the role that literary experience plays in a transnational context of constitutive transmediality. Some major areas of the discipline are therefore examined, such as narratology, the study of the poetic text, rhetoric, aiming to enhance their theoretical developments and practical applications in the critical analysis of literary texts, and also reflect on the different relationships between literature and other areas of humanities such as anthropology, translation studies, medical humanities, geocriticism, gender studies, digital humanities. On the one hand, the most important theoretical questions that have always been at the centre of reflection on literature are brought into focus, along with the most recent methodological and critical proposals, offering readers the main tools for analysing and interpreting literary texts. On the other hand, the multiple relationships that weave the production and reception of literature with other areas of culture and with the reflections and practices that cross the contemporary world, beyond the institutional boundaries between disciplines, are explored. Both editors draw on the teaching experience gained in their university courses and look to disseminate the volume in the academic sphere as well as in the context of the wider public of literature scholars interested in an up-to-date critical approach.

Книга «Текст пространства» — первый в российской науке опыт междисциплинарного описания пространства как носителя культуры. Основу словаря составили комплексные исследования феномена русской провинции в системе самых разных измерений и координат. В книге отразилось многомерное знание о пространстве как носителе культуры, включающее геополитический, социальный, антропологический, семиотический, психологический и литературный аспекты. The book "Text of Space" is the first in Russia's science experience of interdisciplinary description of space as a carrier of culture. The basis of the dictionary was a comprehensive study of the phenomenon of the Russian province in a system of various dimensions and coordinates. The book reflected a multidimensional knowledge of space as a carrier of culture, including geopolitical, social, anthropological, semiotic, psychological and literary aspects.

by Routledge 322 Pages 3 B/W Illustrations Book Description This book contributes to the prominent interdisciplinary domain of Cosmopolitan Studies with 20 innovative essays by humanities scholars from all over the world that reexamine theories and practices of cosmopolitanism from a variety of perspectives. The volume satisfies the need for a stronger involvement of Comparative and World Literatures and Cultures, Translation, and Education Theories in this crucial debate, and also proposes an experimental way to explore in depth the necessity of a cosmopolitan method as well as the riches of cosmopolitan representations.