Dynamic Software Architectures

The core motivations of deploying a sensor network for a specific application come from the autonomy of sensors, their reduced size, and their capabilities for computing and communicating in a short range. However, many challenges for sensor networks still exist: minimizing energy consumptions, and ensuring the performance of communication that may be affected by many parameters. The work described in this paper covers mainly the analysis of the impact of the temperature and humidity variations on link quality of XM1000 operating under TinyOS. Two-way ANOVA test has been applied and the obtained results show that both the temperature and humidity variations impact RSSI.

International Journal of Mobile Network Communications & Telematics ( IJMNCT) is an open access peer-reviewed journal that addresses the impacts and challenges of mobile communications and telematics. The journal also aims to focus on various areas such as ecommerce, e-governance, telematics, telelearning nomadic computing, data management, related software and hardware technologies, and mobile user services. The journal documents practical and theoretical results which make a fundamental contribution for the development of mobile communication technologies.

Reference architectural models are coherent representations/blueprints of the interaction existing between homogeneous/heterogeneous groups of systems, technologies, and users in complex business domains. Due to its complexity, the smart city domain should embrace a reference architectural model which facilitates coherent capabilities of the interacting application, and infrastructure's capabilities in a certain geographical area from one side and their relevant business users from the other side. Limited reference architectural models were proposed for smart city purposes. However, they lacked coherency, practicality, or quality. This paper discusses the empirical findings of smart cities derived from the literature review articles, investigates Bahrain's readiness for smartness, and proposes the development of a Bahraini Smart CityTechnological Reference Architectural Model (BSC-TRAM), based on the insights of federal enterprise architecture framework. The BSC-TRAM was developed based on data collected from 10 public, semipublic, and private organizations, through literature review, interviews, and website content analysis. Findings revealed the availability of 17 Business functions which serve 17 public ministries, 16 directorates, 35 bodies, and 18 private economic units. Also, results revealed 26 application functions and 130 applications categories, and 7 infrastructure functions and 18 infrastructures categories.

Context: Mobile Cloud Computing (MCC) represents the state-of-the-art technology that unifies mobile computing and cloud computing to develop systems that are portable yet resource sufficient. Mobile computing allows portable communication and context-aware computation, however, due to the energy and resource constraints mobile computing lacks performance for computationally intensive tasks. Cloud computing model uses the 'as a service' model-providing hardware and software services-to offer virtually unlimited storage and processing resources. The integration of mobile and cloud computing has given rise to the MCC systems that are portable, context-aware and resource sufficient. Challenges and Solution: To develop the MCC systems, some recurring challenges such as connectivity, context-awareness, portability and security must be addressed during the system design and architecting process. One way to address these challenges is to use the best practices and repeatable soluti...

This paper presents a Content Adapter Architecture (CAA) for Content Management Systems (CMSs). A CMS is a software application that maintains and keeps track of every piece of content of a website. In the past, CMS has been mainly used in developing websites and portals for desktop PCs. For mobile devices such as smart phones and tablets, the web content developed for PCs needs to be adapted in order to provide the best possible user experience due to different characteristics and constraints such as screen dimensions. This adaptation task can be time consuming and resource intensive. Most solutions resolve it by creating different resources or CMS plugins for different devices. This paper proposes a novel approach to adapt CMS content in a non-intrusive way, through the use of templates which specify how the content should be adapted. The CAA consists of a backend server and a front end client. The server is responsible for the adaptation and provides version control of content, a...

` Abstract`Reference architectural models are coherent representations/blueprints of the interaction existing between homogeneous/heterogeneous groups of systems, technologies, and users in complex business domains. Due to its complexity, the smart city domain should embrace a reference architectural model which facilitates coherent capabilities of the interacting application, and infrastructure's capabilities in a certain geographical area from one side and their relevant business users from the other side. Limited reference architectural models were proposed for smart city purposes. However, they lacked coherency, practicality, or quality. This paper discusses the empirical findings of smart cities derived from the literature review articles, investigates Bahrain's readiness for smartness, and proposes the development of a Bahraini Smart City-Technological Reference Architectural Model (BSC-TRAM), based on the insights of federal enterprise architecture framework. The BSC-TRAM was developed based on data collected from 10 public, semi-public, and private organizations, through literature review, interviews, and website content analysis. Findings revealed the availability of 17 Business functions which serve 17 public ministries, 16 directorates, 35 bodies, and 18 private economic units. Also, results revealed 26 application functions and 130 applications categories, and 7 infrastructure functions and 18 infrastructures categories.

—This paper presents a Content Adapter Architecture (CAA) for Content Management Systems (CMSs). A CMS is a software application that maintains and keeps track of every piece of content of a website. In the past, CMS has been mainly used in developing websites and portals for desktop PCs. For mobile devices such as smart phones and tablets, the web content developed for PCs needs to be adapted in order to provide the best possible user experience due to different characteristics and constraints such as screen dimensions. This adaptation task can be time consuming and resource intensive. Most solutions resolve it by creating different resources or CMS plugins for different devices. This paper proposes a novel approach to adapt CMS content in a non-intrusive way, through the use of templates which specify how the content should be adapted. The CAA consists of a backend server and a front end client. The server is responsible for the adaptation and provides version control of content, amongst other features. The client, built as a web application, is a thin layer which provides interaction with the device features, and acts as a cache system to reduce data transfer.

Architecture Principles define the underlying general rules and guidelines for the use and deployment of all IT resources and assets across the enterprise. They reflect a level of a general agreement among the several elements of the enterprise, and form the basis for making future IT decisions.

There was a time when technology came from big companies and a large number of products were developed and gave the birth to a new world which was a technology world. Each product was unique and it was developed by its own company. They did not want to share anything with other companies because they did not have proper guidance that how to implement the existing products with a new one so user have to wait for long time to get new products because it took much time to develop each and every component of the product. Today technology has reached its peak and there are many existing products available which can be used by the developers to create new products. The time has changed now developers have learnt many things from the past and they can easily integrate old technologies to new one. The dynamic software product line engineering is playing a vital role in our lives which one is teaching that how two products can be integrated if they are loose coupling status after introducing of this, it has solved many problems and also saving much money and time. Now big companies are ready to give some small task to the small companies and can ask the time of delivering products once it delivers big companies can integrate with their products and user can get new technology’s product in short time.


The key points of papers:
1. Runtime Self-Adaptive System dynamically transform their internal structure,behavior in response to internal or external changes.

2. Reuse methodology to make Self-adaptive system using flexible variability mechanism based on dynamic reconfiguration

3. Difference between Software versus Dynamic Software and its Requirements of Component

4. Analysis and Planning of Self-Adaptive System

5. Different approaches that use dynamic software product line engineering for developing self-adaptive systems focusing on practical approaches.

6. How Differ Artificial Intelligence with Dynamic Software Project

7. How differ Loose Coupling and Tight Coupling in Software Component

8. Advantageous and Disadvantages of Dynamic software Product Line Engineering

9. Research Design and Methodology to develop Self-Adaptive System

10. .How Dynamic software Product  deal with different real time software challenges

Software systems endure many noteworthy changes throughout their life-cycle in order to follow the evolution of the problem domains. Generally, the software system architecture cannot follow the rapid evolution of a problem domain which results in the discrepancies between the implemented and designed architecture. Software architecture illustrates a system's structure and global properties and consequently determines not only how the system should be constructed but also leads its evolution. Architecture plays an important role to ensure that a system satisfies its business and mission goals during implementation and evolution. However, the capabilities of the designed architecture may possibly be lost when the implementation does not conform to the designed architecture. Such a loss of consistency causes the risk of architectural decay. The architectural decay can be avoided if architectural changes are made as early as possible. The paper presents the Process Model for Architecture-Centric Evolution which improves the quality of software systems through maintaining consistency between designed architecture and implementation. It also increases architecture awareness of developers which assists in minimizing the risk of architectural decay. In the proposed approach consistency checks are performed before and after the change implementation.

The Dynamic Software Product Line (DSPL) is becoming the system with high vulnerability and high confidentiality in which the adaptive security is a challenging task and critical for it to operate. Adaptive security is able to automatically select security mechanisms and their parameters at runtime in order to preserve the required security level in a changing environment. This paper presents a literature review of security adaptation approaches for DSPL, and evaluates them in terms of how well they support critical security services and what level of adaptation they achieve. This work will be done following the Systematic Review approach. Our results concluded that the research field of security approaches for DSPL is still poor of methods and metrics for evaluating and comparing different techniques. The comparison reveals that the existing adaptive security approaches widely cover the information gathering. However, comparative approaches do not describe how to decide on a method...

Domain Modeling Methods (DMMs) are used to improve quality in the development of complex software systems such as product families. This paper examines how the effectiveness of such methods in combination with appropriate case tools (CTs) can be evaluated with regard to (1) the complexity of a model to be created and (2) the reusability of the developed source code. Our goal is to be able to recommend, for a particular development project, a DMM/CT combination that is as suitable (effective) as possible. For this purpose , we formalize an effectiveness metric and its calculation using structured data resources and quantitative metrics. The approach is based on a three-level design paradigm that supports the variability required for software product lines. The paper illustrates this approach by analyzing and comparing the DMMs JODA (Joint integrated Object oriented Domain Analysis) and ODM (Organizational Domain Modeling) as well as the CTs Actifsource and Eclipse Modeling Framework.

Context: Mobile Cloud Computing (MCC) represents the state-of-the-art technology that unifies mobile computing and cloud computing to develop systems that are portable yet resource sufficient. Mobile computing allows portable communication and context-aware computation, however, due to the energy and resource constraints mobile computing lacks performance for computationally intensive tasks. Cloud computing model uses the 'as a service' model-providing hardware and software services-to offer virtually unlimited storage and processing resources. The integration of mobile and cloud computing has given rise to the MCC systems that are portable, context-aware and resource sufficient. Challenges and Solution: To develop the MCC systems, some recurring challenges such as connectivity, context-awareness, portability and security must be addressed during the system design and architecting process. One way to address these challenges is to use the best practices and repeatable solutions to design and architect the MCC systems. In this research, we aim to utilise the empirically discovered patterns that support reusable design knowledge for architecture-driven development of the MCC systems. We follow a three-step process to empirically discover, document and apply patterns for architecting mobile cloud systems. Specifically, we have discovered three patterns as generic and reusable solutions for MCC systems. We demonstrate the applicability of the patterns based on a case study for architecture-centric development of the MCC patterns. The propose research aims to advance the state-of-the-art on reusable and knowledge-driven architecting of the MCC systems.

The Dynamic Software Product Line (DSPL) is becoming the system with high vulnerability and high confidentiality in which the adaptive security is a challenging task and critical for it to operate. Adaptive security is able to automatically select security mechanisms and their parameters at runtime in order to preserve the required security level in a changing environment. This paper presents a literature review of security adaptation approaches for DSPL, and evaluates them in terms of how well they support critical security services and what level of adaptation they achieve. This work will be done following the Systematic Review approach. Our results concluded that the research field of security approaches for DSPL is still poor of methods and metrics for evaluating and comparing different techniques. The comparison reveals that the existing adaptive security approaches widely cover the information gathering. However, comparative approaches do not describe how to decide on a method for performing adaptive security DSPL or how to provide knowledge input for adapting security. Therefore, these areas of research are promising.