China–Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC)

Since being officially launched in April 2015, the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) has been one of the most watched set of projects under the aegis of Chinese President Xi Jinping’s signature Belt and Road Initiative (BRI). Having already injected around $25 billion into Pakistan, the CPEC not only has been dubbed the “flagship project” of the BRI, but it also holds a central role in Beijing’s global ambitions.

While much has been said about the geopolitical implications of the CPEC, including for both India and the United States, less attention has been devoted to providing in-depth insights into the mechanics of how the BRI is unfolding on the ground in Pakistan. How do China and Pakistan negoti- ate the terms of CPEC deals? To what extent has Islamabad managed to exert agency in its dealings with Beijing? How does China adapt to the contexts it operates in? By now, the CPEC has been subject to much media, academic, and policy scrutiny, but these questions have not been answered.

The power asymmetry between the two partners—coupled with the impression that the BRI represents a unidirectional Chinese endeavor, not just in Pakistan but also globally—has contributed to the erroneous representation that Beijing is merely imposing the CPEC on its all-weather partners in Islamabad. On the contrary, this study highlights China’s adaptive strategies in dealing with a host of Pakistani actors (including political parties, local communities, and the military) against the backdrop of Pakistan’s evolving political landscape and change in leadership following the country’s 2018 elections.

In filling this gap, this paper foregrounds the importance of adopting a relational approach to studying how the BRI unfolds on the ground. This entails looking at how Pakistan and China have negotiated the CPEC’s energy, infrastructure, and industrial cooperation projects. The analysis is based on semi-structured elite interviews conducted by the two authors during three rounds of fieldwork in 2015, 2018, and 2020–2021 triangulated with a host of official reports, statements, and newspaper articles.

Examining the domestic contours of the CPEC shows that Pakistani actors have wielded agency in important ways throughout the process, while Chinese actors at times have accommodated key Pakistani demands.

Abstract
Intellectual property rights (IPR) which enables the creators and inventors of the product and services to get full commercial benefits from their creations and inventions. But it is stated that the value of Intellectual property rights (IPR) often not sufficiently appreciated due to lack of appropriate IPR knowledge especially in developing countries. In this age of innovation, creation and technology development IPR are becoming a core concern of every enterprise’s routine decision making practice and is due to entry of new inventions and creations in the market every day. China Pakistan Economic Corridor is an opportunity for Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) for development and growth. But the practical evidence recommends that the several barriers SMEs face to adopt the IPR system effectively and these barriers also affect their innovative and creative abilities in future. This study will elaborate the IPR importance, IPR protection and the opportunity for SMEs under the China Pakistan Economic Corridor. Moreover this study shall determine the Chinese IP infringement and challenges faced by SMEs and how IPR could become an economic tool for SMEs.

This paper discusses the important collaborative role that business schools in China and Pakistan may play to support China Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC), a flagship component of the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI). Given the vast scale of investment and infrastructure development related to this initiative, it is important to pay attention to the enormous need of technically and cross-culturally competent managers and business leaders to support this initiative. The paper offers a brief overview of CPEC, highlights the human resource needs in its wake and outlines various fields within which business schools in both countries could support each other as well as public and private sectors in the successful designing and execution of CPEC projects. The paper also offers some examples of cooperation already taking place among universities and business schools in China and Pakistan in support of CEPC. It also suggests some activities and deliverables of the proposed cooperation among business schools along the Belt and Road.

In 2015 a project was signed between China and Pakistan which is called CPEC. Public agenda on CPEC was investigated through survey in Gilgit-Baltistan's (GB). This study examines the role of the local public of GB in the project of CPEC and explores the list of the public plan. It also helps both governments of Pakistan and China to make further policies regarding the Gilgit-Baltistan region. Study found that, the public feels happy about infrastructure development and the area's living standard, and overall improvements. Still, on the other side, they have concerns about security, peace, and cultural damages.