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Urdu is one of the official languages of Pakistan and like many other languages it has incorporated elements from other languages of the world, ancient and modern alike. In Pakistan it thrives alongside English and the other regional languages. Historically, it is associated with Islam as many Persian and Arabic words are found in it and the Muslims of Pakistan and India have emotional attachment to this language although non-Muslims had immense contribution to its evolution and development. However, this religious association has different connotations according to the politics and the situation of Muslims in each country. In this regard, Urdu language has undergone a series of development during its evolution. The different constitutions of Pakistan addressed Urdu language issues from different perspectives. The purpose of this study is to elaborate and analyze Urdu language genealogical affiliation, history and evolutionary process especially after the emergence of Pakistan.
The Urdu language has suffered a process of evolution and reforms. In this book this process is explained from a historical linguistics point of view, noting those factors natural and otherwise which have influenced the language to be in the form we find it today. The book also analyzes the etymological components of the basic vocabulary of Urdu language.
In this paper I put forward the assumption that English language as a lingua franca is not endangering Urdu in Pakistan. Colonization played a vital role to sow the seeds of English and even after the departure of colonizers it exists. I argue the proposition by emphasizing Urdu as our national identity and a binding agent embracing all provinces in its lap. English is helplessly trying to blur the face of Urdu for the last sixty six years. Its a hanging sword on our culture that has shaken our national faith. Consequently giving birth to unrest, Chaos, demoralization and instability, but remained simply unable to uproot Urdu as a mode of national and cultural integrity from our country. Qualitative methodology would be applied by the researcher. As a researcher I am of the opinion to improvise English as optional curricula after matriculation and make Urdu compulsory till degree level.
2020 •
The paper revisits the diachronic evolution of the belief, practices, and attitudes of Urdu and Pashto speakers towards English and ascertains the drivers and effects of such changes. The changes are explored at two levels, micro and macro. The macro-level perspective concerns the 'use' interface while the microlevel concerns the 'code'. The study hinges on the theory of contact linguistics' approaches such as language shift, hybridization and domain conquest. In the wake of this study, the scholars revisit the value of 'Graded Intergenerational Disruption Scales' (GIDS) in the assessment of language prospects of survival. The study finds that Pashto and Urdu both underwent substantial changes as a result of contact with the English language. The study also proposes revisiting definitions of some popular terms used in the evaluation of language policy and planning as the proposal to use more discrete terms that can be easily understood and applied by the ...
Middle Eastern Journal of Research in Education and Social Sciences
Usage of Urdu as the Language of Elitism among the Muslims of the Northern and the Deccan parts of India: A Socio-Cultural ReviewPurpose: The paper examines how Urdu evolved from the language of the rulers to the lingua franca of Muslims in the modern times. The paper attempts to highlight how Urdu is still being used as an identity marker for Muslims with respect to the other communities and is a source of ascendancy, an achieved elitist status within the Muslims of the North and Deccan. Approach/Methodology/Design: Socio-cultural analysis. Findings: The usage of Urdu as a political instrument by the Muslim League and the cultural influence the language has exerted on the Muslim community led to its usage as a source of elitism within the community in the modern times. The analysis indicates that there is harking back to the highly Persianised, nastaliq form of Urdu, which was manifested in its literature in the twentieth century as the pure, hegemonic and the aspired language, true to the identity of the community. The language was characterized by its emergence as a monolithic, distinctive medium, overcom...
Journal of Education & Social Sciences
English Language in Pakistan: Expansion and Resulting Implications2017 •
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