European Journal of Physical Education and Sport Science
ISSN: 2501 - 1235
ISSN-L: 2501 - 1235
Available on-line at: www.oapub.org/edu
Volume 3 │ Issue 4 │ 2017
doi: 10.5281/zenodo.495240
THE INFLUENCE OF THE CLUB’S INFRASTRUCTURE ON THE
SOCCER COACHING PROCESS: EVIDENCE FROM THE CLUB
REPRESENTATIVE LONGITUDINAL SURVEY
Md Babul Akhtar1,
Mohammad Ahsan2
1
Assistant Professor, Sports Science Department,
Jimma University, Jimma; Ethiopia
Assistant Professor, College of Applied Medical Sciences;
2
Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam; KSA
Abstract:
The objective of this study was to investigate the impact of facilities and equipment in
the coaching processes of soccer practical session and also indicate the ways of
intervention to the problem. This study was conducted on the Aba Buna sport club,
Jimma. The data was collected from primary and secondary sources, which include
qualitative and quantitative research method for the purposive. The sample size for the
study includes 28 players and 2 coaches. The necessary information had collected
through questionnaires which included both open ended and closed ended questions.
There were twelve questions in each questionnaire for the players and coaches as well.
Only one question is open ended. One week was given to filled questionnaire. The
result of study indicates, the facilities and equipment have an exerted impact to
improve and develop the efficiency of the clubs practical session. However, the club has
intending to solve such problem and solve inadequacy facility equipment is left the
club. Therefore, according to this identified result research forward recommendation to
overcome the problem.
Keywords: facilities, equipment, coaching processes, soccer
1. Introduction
Soccer is one of the wide spread sport activity throughout the word. This is due to it is
nature and the importance the game for physical improvement. In addition, the game is
Copyright © The Author(s). All Rights Reserved.
© 2015 – 2017 Open Access Publishing Group
40
Md Babul Akhtar, Mohammad Ahsan
THE INFLUENCE OF THE CLUB’S INFRASTRUCTURE ON THE SOCCER COACHING PROCESS: EVIDENCE
FROM THE CLUB REPRESENTATIVE LONGITUDINAL SURVEY
preferable for all age level, sex and without including, colors, races environment,
religion etc. (Lenin son and Charistenser 1996). Burcher and Bening (1974) stated that
the proper execution of appropriate coaching method involved consideration of several
factors as clubs size, equipment and facilities. Facilities and equipment in soccer are not
such expensive that they can prepared where ever small space is available.
E Pearson (1958) stated that a coaching program can be greatly inhibited by
absence of adequate facilities equipment and supplies. Coaching should be frustrated
by the lack of facilities. Quality coaching and facilities will contribute positively to
player development. Previous research has shown that the quality of athletic facilities
has a significant effect on player attitudes. For example, Pujals and Vieira (2002) found
that poor club infrastructure may cause feelings of failure and pessimism in soccer
players, leading to a lack of motivation. In the Unites States, the quality of athletic
facilities is an important factor influencing high school athletes in their college choice
(Letawsky, Schneider, Pedersen, & Palmer, 2003). Anecdotal evidence suggests that the
infrastructure of soccer clubs is an important factor in the development of successful
players (Corrêa, Alchieri, Duarte, & Strey, 2002). Since, player development is the
backbone of the game. The availability of facilities and equipment are the part of both
long term and short term planning.
The development and achievement of any sports basically depends upon the
facilities and equipment. Sport facilities and equipment have a great impact in coaching
process with both coach and players. Omoruan (1996) posited that facilities and
equipment are the greatest among all factors that affect the growth of a sport. The
fulfillment of facilities and equipment make coaching method precise towards the
achievement of desire goal. Ogbemudia (2001) emphasized that if Nigeria must attain
the desired standards in performance and attain top ratings in the Olympic Games, then
the planning and management of sports facilities and equipment must not only be
broad based but also be backed-up with adequate provision and maintenance of
the available facilities and equipment. According to Talabi (1998), the attainment of a
world class status in sports is a reflection of the presence of top standard equipment
and facilities. He added that most developed countries are putting so much stress into
building excellent facilities and providing standard equipment as well as creating
conducive environments for their athletes. According to Ekpe (2001), it is difficult
to separate the standard of sports in a country from the standard of facilities and
equipment available.
Generally, the use of facilities and equipment by the participant is strongly
encouraged or sometimes enforces to minimize the risk of injury. The sporting
equipment and environment need to be designs main tend and inspected regularly to
European Journal of Physical Education and Sport Science - Volume 3 │ Issue 4 │ 2017
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Md Babul Akhtar, Mohammad Ahsan
THE INFLUENCE OF THE CLUB’S INFRASTRUCTURE ON THE SOCCER COACHING PROCESS: EVIDENCE
FROM THE CLUB REPRESENTATIVE LONGITUDINAL SURVEY
ensure the participants safety and wellbeing are created far equipment which makes
completion judging and eagling results more accurate and more easing the
opportunities to access quality playing conditions for both new and existing players.
(S.A Harry and W.B. Richard 1958). There is plenty of space, but the quality of the fields
varies a lot. While there are a lot of soccer parks sprouting up around the country, the
facilities vary widely. Many fields are overused, both by soccer teams alone and by
others sports that may share them. Due to wide varying climatic condition in many
parts of the country, fields are difficult to maintain. Often fields are in park s where
there are no changing facilities. While there are some difficulties, facilities and
equipment are certainly available for soccer team. However, to select the appropriate
method of coaching the coacher must consider factor that affect the method of the
coaching while formulating and implementing instructional techniques.
The main objective of this study was to investigate the impact of facilities and
equipment in the coaching processes of soccer practical session and also indicate the
ways of intervention to the problem. Soccer is given in the club under the study with
absolute insufficiencies of facilities and equipment.
2. Materials and Method
2.1 Study designs
The study was designed to identify the impact of facility and equipment in coaching
process of soccer practical session a case of Aba Buna football club, Jimma. This
research was used both quantitative and qualitative research design.
2.2 Source of data
The study was used both primary and secondary source of data to investigate the
problem, the questionnaire was used as a primary source and for secondary sources
relevant literature were used.
2.3 Sampling size and sampling techniques
The sample size for the study was about 28 players and 2 coaches due to the limited
number of players and coaches in the club. Because of this small number the researcher
used purposive sample technique.
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Md Babul Akhtar, Mohammad Ahsan
THE INFLUENCE OF THE CLUB’S INFRASTRUCTURE ON THE SOCCER COACHING PROCESS: EVIDENCE
FROM THE CLUB REPRESENTATIVE LONGITUDINAL SURVEY
Table1: Age and gender description of the players & Coach
Players
Sr.
Alternatives age group
No.
Coach
Percentage
No
Percentage
No
(%)
(%)
1
13-16
5
17.85
0
0
2
17-20
7
25.00
0
0
3
21-25
10
35.71
0
0
4
25-30
6
21.41
1
50
5
Above 30
0
0
1
50
28
100
2
100
Total
2.4 Data collection Instrument
The necessary information was collected through questionnaires. The researcher
developed and validates a questionnaire with the help of experts in physical education
and sports science field. The questions were revolving around the impact of facilities
and equipment in coaching process of soccer practical session. The questionnaire was
process in number of closed and open ended questions.
2.5 Data collection procedures
The questionnaire and observations technique were used for the collection of relevant
information to check whether a problem is really exist or not and to evaluate whether it
is solved or minimized after intervention. Firstly, questionnaires were distributed to
coaches and players. All the necessary information was provided in details on the front
page of questionnaire. One week was given to fill the questionnaire.
2.6 Method of data analysis
Data were analysis and interprets in terms of percentage followed by table and graphs.
The quantitative and qualitative analysis procedures were also used to conclude as well
as for recommendation.
3. Result
The result was elaborate here under two different subs heading as follows:
European Journal of Physical Education and Sport Science - Volume 3 │ Issue 4 │ 2017
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Md Babul Akhtar, Mohammad Ahsan
THE INFLUENCE OF THE CLUB’S INFRASTRUCTURE ON THE SOCCER COACHING PROCESS: EVIDENCE
FROM THE CLUB REPRESENTATIVE LONGITUDINAL SURVEY
A. Analysis of Responses from the Players
1. Question resulted to method of coaching for the player.
Table 2
Item - 1
Alternative
Number of
Percentage
coaching method
Respondents
(%)
Technical
Most of the time exercising the way of coaching
style in your football teams?
5
17.85
Tactical
10
35.71
Both
13
46.4
Total
28
100
Table 2 indicates that about 13(46.4%) of the respondents replied that the 5(17.85%)
technical and the remaining 10.(35.71%) tactical way of coaching style. This implies the
coaching process is more of focuses and both individual and group ability and most of
players are interested for technical and tactical way of coaching style.
2. Question related to the level of implementing modern equipment’s for soccer
coaches
Table 3
Item - 2
Alternative
Number of
Percentage
Respondents
(%)
Very high
6
21.42
How do you rate the effects of the coach to
High
6
21.42
improving the modern equipment with local
Low
9
32.14
materials?
Average
7
25
28
100
Total
According to the table 3 about 6 (21.42%) of respondents replied that there is very high
level of using modern equipment’s of soccer in practical training whereas 21.42 % said
there is high level of using modern equipment. The 32.14% side that there is low of
using modern equipment and also 2(7.1%) of the respondents is said that average. So
the fulfillment of equipment for coaching is that much for coaching.
European Journal of Physical Education and Sport Science - Volume 3 │ Issue 4 │ 2017
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Md Babul Akhtar, Mohammad Ahsan
THE INFLUENCE OF THE CLUB’S INFRASTRUCTURE ON THE SOCCER COACHING PROCESS: EVIDENCE
FROM THE CLUB REPRESENTATIVE LONGITUDINAL SURVEY
3. Question related to shortage of facility and equipment.
Table 4
Item - 3
Alternative
Do you think the impact of facility and
Number of
Percentage
Respondents
(%)
Yes
17
60.7
No
11
39.3
Total
28
100
equipment affects your motivation?
According the table 4 indicate that 17(60.7%) of ensure that inadequacy of facility and
equipment affect the player participation whereas 11(39.3%) ensure that in adequately
of facility and equipment not create problem of player participation.
4. Question related of proportion of ball and cone with player
Table 5
Item - 4
Alternative
Are you satisfied in training facilities of ball and
Number of
Percentage
Respondent
(%)
Yes
12
42.85
No
16
57.15
Total
28
100
cone with player is?
According to table 5 indicate that 12(42.85%) response the preparation of ball and cone
satisfied whereas 16(57.15%) the proportion of ball and cone is not appropriate with the
number of players.
5. Question related with the extent to which facilities and equipment’s are
utilized in soccer training.
Table 6
Item - 5
At what extent equipment are utilized in your
football training?
Alternative
Number of
Percentage
Respondents
(%)
Very high
6
21.72
High
6
21.72
Low
6
21.72
average
10
35.74
Total
28
100
European Journal of Physical Education and Sport Science - Volume 3 │ Issue 4 │ 2017
45
Md Babul Akhtar, Mohammad Ahsan
THE INFLUENCE OF THE CLUB’S INFRASTRUCTURE ON THE SOCCER COACHING PROCESS: EVIDENCE
FROM THE CLUB REPRESENTATIVE LONGITUDINAL SURVEY
According to the table 6 about 6 (21.72%) respondents said that instruments utilized as
very high level about 6 (21.72%) respondents says high level and the rest 6 (21.72%)
have responded equipment are utilized at low level on their soccer training and 10
(35.74%) respondent the equipment utilizes is enough. This indicated the equipment are
utilize significantly in training program in sufficient manner.
6. Question related to facility and equipment in training practical session.
Table 7
Item - 6
Alternative
Do you believe that the impact of facility and
equipment affect your club result
Number of
Percentage
Respondents
(%)
Yes
15
53.57
No
13
46.43
Total
28
100
According to the above table 7 about 15(53.57%) of the respondents are believed that the
availability of facility and equipment have a significant impact on their effectiveness,
whereas 13(46.42 %) of the respondents believes that availability of facilities and
equipment have no significant impact on their effectiveness.
7. Question related to with attention of coaches during practical session with
facilities and equipment which are available in the club.
Table 8
Item - 7
Alternative
Number of
Percentage
Respondents
(%)
Does your coach give attention if availability of
Yes
19
64.85
facilities of facilities and equipment which are
No
9
32.15
exist in the club?
Total
28
100
According to the above table 8 about 19 (64.85%) respondents says that there is a good
attention of coaches of available equipment and facilities supporting practices of soccer
training only 9 (32.15%) of the respondents imply that are not sure about at the
attention of coaches towards the facilities and equipment necessary to their training.
European Journal of Physical Education and Sport Science - Volume 3 │ Issue 4 │ 2017
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Md Babul Akhtar, Mohammad Ahsan
THE INFLUENCE OF THE CLUB’S INFRASTRUCTURE ON THE SOCCER COACHING PROCESS: EVIDENCE
FROM THE CLUB REPRESENTATIVE LONGITUDINAL SURVEY
8. Question related with replacement of soccer equipment by local equipment.
Table 9
Item - 8
Alternative
Do you believe that modern equipment
Number of
Percentage
respondent
(%)
Yes
23
82.15
No
5
17.85
28
100
replaced by local available materials?
Total
According to the table 9 about 23 (85.15%) respondent that modern facilities and
equipment can easily replace by local available materials, about 5 (17.85%) respondents
are not believed that modern equipment replace by local made materials. This implies
there is a positive attitude towards homemade (domestic) equipment can easily avoid
by local materials.
9. Question related to the impact of facilities and equipment in adequacy on the
coaching process of soccer.
Table 10
Item - 9
Alternative
Make
as
Number of
Percentage
Respondents
(%)
players
passive
Problems
Does impact of the inadequacy of equipment and
training
facilities on coaching process?
all
on
Total
7
25
12
42.86
9
32.14
28
100
As above Table 10 indicate that 7 (25%) respondents that inadequacy of facility create
problem on participation and make problems on training whereas 12 (42.86%) ensure
that in inadequacy of equipment create both make as players passive and problem on
training.
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Md Babul Akhtar, Mohammad Ahsan
THE INFLUENCE OF THE CLUB’S INFRASTRUCTURE ON THE SOCCER COACHING PROCESS: EVIDENCE
FROM THE CLUB REPRESENTATIVE LONGITUDINAL SURVEY
10. Question related to the rate to solve the shortage of equipment’s.
Table 11
Item - 10
Alternative
Whose is the role is to solve shortage of
equipment’s?
Number of
Percentage
Respondents
(%)
Clubs responsibility
28
100
Coach
.0
0
Players
.0
0
Total
28
100
According to the table 11, all respondents i.e. 28 (100%) agree to the role to solve
shortage of equipment is clubs responsibilities.
11. Question related to the rate to the satisfaction proportion of ball in training
session?
Table 12
Item - 11
Satisfied the proportion of ball in training
session?
Alternative
Number of
Percentage
respondent
(%)
Yes
15
53.57
No
13
46.43
Total
28
100
According to the above table 12 about 15 (53.57%) respondents believed that they are
satisfied with the ball in training session, whereas 13 (46.42 %) respondents believes
that they are not satisfied with the ball in training session.
12. Question:-Do you have other impact in practical session of soccer mention it?
The open ended question raise for players regarding other problems on coaching
process of soccer, they were mention:
Lack of fast medication when the injury is happen, such as physiotherapy
Lack of sport drink during training session like high land water etc…
Lack of shower source after training
Lakes of training shirts are the open-ended question response of players.
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Md Babul Akhtar, Mohammad Ahsan
THE INFLUENCE OF THE CLUB’S INFRASTRUCTURE ON THE SOCCER COACHING PROCESS: EVIDENCE
FROM THE CLUB REPRESENTATIVE LONGITUDINAL SURVEY
B. ANALYSIS OF RESPONSES FROM THE COACHES
1. Characteristics of the coaches’ experience.
Table 13
No
Years of experience
Number of
Percentage
Respondents
(%)
1
1-5
1
50
2
6-10
1
50
3
11-15
-
-
4
>15
-
-
Total
2
100
The table indicates that about 1 (50%) coach have 1-5 year experienced in coaching
whereas other coach found experience between 6-10 years.
2. Question related method of coaching for the players.
Table 14
Item-2
Alternative of coaching method
Alternative
Number of
Percentage
Respondents
(%)
Tactical
-
-
Technical
1
50
Both equally
1
50
Total
2
100
According to the table above about 1 (50%) of the coach response that the coaching
method they used are technical and the other 1 (50%) coach is used technical as well as
tactical coaching method.
3. Question the extent to which players are motivated in the training session.
Table 15
Item - 3
At what extent your players are interested to
attend football practical session
Alternative
Number of
Percentage
Respondents
(%)
Very high
-
-
High
2
100%
Average
-
-
Low
-
-
Total
2
100
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Md Babul Akhtar, Mohammad Ahsan
THE INFLUENCE OF THE CLUB’S INFRASTRUCTURE ON THE SOCCER COACHING PROCESS: EVIDENCE
FROM THE CLUB REPRESENTATIVE LONGITUDINAL SURVEY
The above table indicates that, 100% respondents are interested to attend soccer
practical session at high level.
4. Question related to proportion of equipment (ball) to the players.
Table 16
Item - 4
The proportion of equipment (ball) with the
player’s number is?
Alternative
Number of
Percentage
Respondents
(%)
Very high
1
50
High
1
50
Average
-
-
Low
-
-
Total
2
100
According to the table about 1of the respondent said that they have very high
proportion of materials for players whereas the other 1 (50%) said that it is high level
the proportion of equipment (ball) with the number of players.
5. Question related on believes that impacts of facilities and equipment affect
your club results.
Table 17
Item – 5
Do you believe that impact of facilities and
equipment affects your club results
Alternative
Number of
Percentage
Respondents
(%)
Yes
2
100
No
-
-
Total
2
100
According to the above table 2 participants’ response is that the impact of facilities and
equipment affects the club results.
6. Question related to the extent to which facilities and equipment utilized.
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Md Babul Akhtar, Mohammad Ahsan
THE INFLUENCE OF THE CLUB’S INFRASTRUCTURE ON THE SOCCER COACHING PROCESS: EVIDENCE
FROM THE CLUB REPRESENTATIVE LONGITUDINAL SURVEY
Table 18
Item – 6
The extent to which facility and equipment are
utilized?
Alternative
Number of
Percentage (%)
Respondents
Very high
-
High
2
100
Average
-
-
Low
-
-
Total
2
100
According to above table 100 of respondent do response that the extents to which
facilities and equipment are utilized as ‘high’, this implies there is a good level
utilization of equipment.
7. Question related to the responsibility to prepare the equipment and facilities
which serving on coaching players during training session.
Table 19
Item – 7
Who is responsible to prepare the equipment
and facilities which serving on coaching
players during training session
Alternative
Number of
Percentage (%)
Respondents
Coach
-
-
Players
-
-
Others
2
100
Total
2
100
As the above table shows the responsibility to prepare the equipment and facilities
which serving on training is for is for other on the 2(100%) response.
8. Question related to discussion about clubs problem of training
Table 20
Item – 8
Do you discus about your club problem with
your player out of training
Alternative
Number of
Percentage (%)
Respondents
Yes
2
100
No
-
-
Total
2
100
As the above table shows that, the all coaches discuss about clubs problem with their
players out of the training.
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Md Babul Akhtar, Mohammad Ahsan
THE INFLUENCE OF THE CLUB’S INFRASTRUCTURE ON THE SOCCER COACHING PROCESS: EVIDENCE
FROM THE CLUB REPRESENTATIVE LONGITUDINAL SURVEY
9. Question related to the assumption that replaced the modern soccer
equipment y home material.
Table 21
Item – 9
If it possible to replace modern material by
local available materials
Alternative
Numbers of
Percentage
Respondents
(%)
Yes
2
100
No
-
-
Total
2
100
As the above table shows that, there are possibilities to replace modern soccer
equipment with local available materials.
10. Question related to the role to solve the shortage of facilities and equipment
Table – 22
Item – 10
Alternative
Clubs
Whose role is to solve, the shortage of
equipment and facilities of club?
Numbers of
Percentage
Respondents
(%)
2
100
Coach
-
-
Player
-
-
Total
2
100
responsibility
The results state that this is the club responsibility to solve the shortage of equipment
and facility.
11. If you have any other problem regarding on coaching process of soccer
practical session mention it?
The open ended question raised for coaches, to suggest the reason for the shortage of
equipment therefore suggests that:
As a club the role to solve such problem is clubs responsibility
There is no other body to solve such problem.
To compute with other the club should fulfill the materials.
The open ended question raised for coaches, related to any other problem
Regarding coaching process of soccer. They suggested that:
Lack of training material for training such as cone, shirts, balls etc.
Lack of medication when the injury is happen.
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Md Babul Akhtar, Mohammad Ahsan
THE INFLUENCE OF THE CLUB’S INFRASTRUCTURE ON THE SOCCER COACHING PROCESS: EVIDENCE
FROM THE CLUB REPRESENTATIVE LONGITUDINAL SURVEY
Conflict each other, during training session.
4. Conclusion
The questions that were assumed reflect attitude of coaches and players were analyzed
in detail, according to the data analysis the following major conclusion were drown.
1. Equipment and facilities affects the coaching process of practical session in the
club, in this regard the result of this research shows that the equipment and
facilities plays a major role in modification of players performance reverse these
are not enough and not properly accessed to each players which makes some
difficulty to conduct the training smoothly.
2. Most of the respondents believe that modern equipment can replaced by local
available equipment, so the club can use locale equipment to reduce in adequacy
of equipment and facilities in the club. Even though they can reduce their
expanse because local equipment’s are very cheap relative to modern equipment.
3. Inadequacies of facilities and equipment have adverse impact on players’
participants and practical coaching process.
4. Generally as the research result shows the club is the only channel, to fulfill
inadequacy of equipment and facilities, so the club should work hard to solve the
problem especially focus own to have different cone, training shirt , highland
,shower house and medication (physiotherapy).
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European Journal of Physical Education and Sport Science - Volume 3 │ Issue 4 │ 2017
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Md Babul Akhtar, Mohammad Ahsan
THE INFLUENCE OF THE CLUB’S INFRASTRUCTURE ON THE SOCCER COACHING PROCESS: EVIDENCE
FROM THE CLUB REPRESENTATIVE LONGITUDINAL SURVEY
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European Journal of Physical Education and Sport Science - Volume 3 │ Issue 4 │ 2017
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Md Babul Akhtar, Mohammad Ahsan
THE INFLUENCE OF THE CLUB’S INFRASTRUCTURE ON THE SOCCER COACHING PROCESS: EVIDENCE
FROM THE CLUB REPRESENTATIVE LONGITUDINAL SURVEY
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