S. Alaura (ed.), Digging in the Archives. From the History of Oriental Studies to the History of Ideas (Documenta Asiana XI), Quasar, Roma 2020

Documenta Asiana Collana di studi sull’Anatolia e l’Asia Anteriore antica fondata da Mirjo Salvini Direttore / Editor-in-Chief Silvia Alaura (Roma) Comitato scientifico / Advisory Board Metin Alparslan (İstanbul) Gojko Barjamovic (Cambridge, MA) Stefano de Martino (Torino) Jesper Eidem (Pisa) Jörg Klinger (Berlin) Mario Liverani (Roma) James Osborne (Chicago) Robert Rollinger (Innsbruck) Andreas Schachner (İstanbul) Mark Weeden (London) Comitato editoriale / Editorial Board Marco Bonechi (Roma) Stefania Ermidoro (Venezia) Federico Manuelli (Roma) Segretario di Redazione / Editorial Assistant Diego Baldi (Roma) Stampa e distribuzione / Printing and distribution Edizioni Quasar di Severino Tognon s.r.l. Via Ajaccio 41-43 – 00198 Roma Tel. +39 0685358444, Fax +39 0685833591 email: [email protected] www.edizioniquasar.it Documenta Asiana XI Digging in the Archives From the History of Oriental Studies to the History of Ideas Edited by Silvia Alaura EDIZIONI QUASAR ROMA Pubblicazione realizzata con il contributo del Progetto GRISSO, “Gruppo di Ricerca Interdisciplinare di Storia degli Studi Orientali”, CNR (responsabile: Silvia Alaura), e del Progetto PRIN 2015 “Ebla e la Siria del Bronzo Antico: ricezione, circolazione e trasmissione di modelli culturali”, unità di Roma, CNR (responsabile: Marco Bonechi). © Copyright 2020 – Edizioni Quasar ISSN 1126-7321 ISBN 978-88-5491-128-4 Contents Silvia AlAurA Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 Part I – The Practice of Archaeology: Excavations and Institutions Stefania Ermidoro Da Ninive a Venezia: documenti d’archivio relativi ai doni di Austen Henry Layard . . . . . . 13 Marina Pucci Excavating Zincirli’s Archives. The Discovery of the Southern City Gate . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 Silvia di cristinA A Building of Many Facets: The British Museum Excavation House at Karkemish . . . . . . . 51 Annick FEnEt “In other words, authentic relics of the Buddha himself!” La fouille du stūpa de Kanishka à Shāh-jī-kī-Dherī (février-mars 1909) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63 Lars PEtErsEn ‒ Peter rAulwing Between Kaiser and Führer: The Archaeologist Julius Jordan in the German Empire, the Weimar Republic and the Third Reich . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91 Maria Gabriella micAlE The Archaeology of Images: From Excavations to Archives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159 Stefano dE mArtino ‒ Carlo liPPolis L’archivio del Centro Ricerche Archeologiche e Scavi di Torino per il Medio Oriente e l’Asia: progetti e prospettive . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 175 Part II – The Making of Philologies: From Unity to Specialization Benjamin R. FostEr Three Forgotten American Assyriologists and their Destinies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 191 Marco BonEchi Nobile scienza assiriologica. Materiali per una biografia intellettuale di Giulio Cesare Bruto Teloni, pioniere dell’assiriologia italiana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 209 Diego BAldi La piccola Biblioteca assira che posseggo: il ‘Fondo Teloni’ della Biblioteca dell’Istituto Italiano di Studi Orientali, Sapienza Università di Roma . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 251 Paola dArdAno Emil O. Forrer e un problema di morfologia nominale ittita. Breve storia di un dibattito linguistico . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 279 Silvia AlAurA Insights into the Correspondence between Hans Gustav Güterbock and Albrecht Goetze 1931-1939 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 291 5 Part III – Oriental Studies and Society Valentina sAgAriA rossi L’esprit du Nil e Leone Caetani in crociera (1888) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 325 Šárka VElhArtická Bedřich Hrozný in seiner Korrespondenz im Museum der tschechischen Literatur in Prag . . 373 Maria Giulia AmAdAsi guzzo Lettere di Paolino Mingazzini a Giorgio Levi Della Vida (1917-1920) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 391 Cristina cAsEro Temi e questioni intorno all’orientalismo nella cultura visiva dell’Ottocento. Qualche accenno alla situazione italiana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 419 Davide nAdAli Oriental Notes: Assyrian and Babylonian Antiquities Onstage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 429 Umberto liVAdiotti – Andrea ErcolAni – Marco BonEchi – Silvia AlAurA Evocazioni filateliche fra orientalismo e propaganda. Il Vicino Oriente antico nei francobolli di Turchia, Siria, Libano e Iraq . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 437 Notes on Contributors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 497 6 Introduction This volume is a collection of essays written primarily by scholars who participated in the one-day conference entitled “Scavi d’archivio: dalla storia dell’orientalistica alla storia delle idee”, held at the Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Rome, on 5 November 2013. The main reason for organizing this meeting was the launch of the project named “Gruppo di Ricerca Interdisciplinare di Storia degli Studi Orientali” (GRISSO) – Group for Interdisciplinary Research on the History of Oriental Studies. It was conceived as a research group aiming to analyse the history of archaeological, philological and historical studies of the Ancient Near East and their reception in contemporary and modern society by establishing cross-cultural academic dialogue and international cooperation. The GRISSO project was hosted by the CNR in what was then the Istituto di Studi sul Mediterraneo Antico (ISMA) (Silvia Alaura, Marco Bonechi, Diego Baldi) and was conceived in collaboration with the University of Rome ‘La Sapienza’ (Davide Nadali, Maria Gabriella Micale) and involving other Italian and foreign universities and institutions such as the Accademia Nazionale dei Lincei ‒ Fondazione Caetani, Rome (Mario Liverani, Valentina Sagaria Rossi), the University of Turin (Stefano de Martino), the University of Florence (Marina Pucci), Ca’ Foscari University of Venice (Stefania Ermidoro), Freie Universität Berlin (Jörg Klinger), Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg (Lars Petersen) and CNRS ‒ École normale supérieure ‒ EPHE, PSL Université Paris (Annick Fenet). Since then, the project has developed and expanded. Due to the process of reorganization of the Department of Social Sciences and Humanities, Cultural Heritage, CNR, which eventually culminated in the discontinuation of ISMA, since 2019 the GRISSO project has been hosted by the newly founded Istituto di Scienze del Patrimonio Culturale (ISPC). The Rome conference in 2013 was not limited to the presentation of the new project to the scientific community. The participants engaged in a day of intense discussion. This rich and dynamic experience prompted us to join forces to create a book that would expand the themes of our papers, mainly focusing on the core question of the meaning and potential of archive materials for the history of Oriental Studies. So, shortly afterwards, I invited participants in the conference, together with other colleagues, to contribute to a collective book, which has not therefore been designed as a traditional volume of conference proceedings but rather as a set of scholarly essays that tackle this question through a wide range of case studies from different branches of Oriental Studies. The lively discussions that occurred during and after the conference have helped to enrich the conceptual landscape of this volume, whether or not participants contributed written articles. The final product consists of eighteen chapters organized into three parts, devoted to the following topics: the practice of archaeology with a focus on excavations and institutions; the making of philologies from the early phase to the beginning of specialization; and the integration of Oriental Studies into society. The contributions are deliberately varied and eclectic in terms of their content, style and languages. I do not intend to discuss the individual chapters in detail here, but I would like to briefly explain the common understanding that forms the basis of the theme and title of this volume. In our shared view, anyone who wants to attempt a history of the discipline today must first of all tackle the archival materials, understood in a broad and inclusive sense encompassing various types of document: not only public records but also documents that are private in nature, whether they be texts (letters, diaries, poetry, interviews, recordings, etc.) or images (drawings, photographs, film, etc.), in addition to publications 7 that had a limited print run, or that have become rare or difficult to find as a result of past vicissitudes, and so on. The history of Oriental Studies should be written with the archive as its starting point. As a counterbalance to abstract theoretical constructs, the archive offers the weight of events that, though they may be small, cannot be ignored. Indeed, it is not unusual for archival documents to yield information that has not been reflected in the published literature. When we dig around in the archives, facts come to light that are unknown to us, unexpected, sometimes problematic, perhaps contradictory. At other times we may fail to find what we are looking for in the archives, but absence, too, can point to a problem worth investigating. The archive may not offer the truth, but it does produce the necessary elements on which one can base a truthful historical reconstruction. Moreover, through archival documentation, publications can be subjected to critical evaluation. The archive offers us many resources, but we need take the trouble to seek them out. And usually this is no simple undertaking. It is physically draining, not least because archival materials are often very extensive and difficult to get to grips with. Although nowadays there are IT tools available both for research and for accessing documents in digital format, it continues to be the case that discoveries in the archive often happen fortuitously and the materials must be manually processed. On the other hand, fortunately there is an ever greater awareness of the immense value of a cultural heritage that must be safeguarded, catalogued, organized, promoted, made accessible. The latest challenge lies in the use of new technologies, which involves an intelligent management of work processes. The history of Oriental Studies is not an exercise in erudition for its own sake: in so far as it is research that is concerned with the birth and development, the systemization and conceptualization of Oriental Studies, it can also be conceived as a history of ideas, at the point where the histories of science, technology and politics intersect. And here, too, a transdisciplinary approach proves to be fruitful. This explains “From the history of Oriental Studies to the history of Ideas”, which is the second part of the title of this volume, which is not dedicated to the history of ideas but which conceives it prospectively as an ultimate destination. Indeed, the materials brought together here represent a first step towards establishing a sort of syntopicon of Oriental Studies. And we hope that within the international scientific community this volume might generate further interest in this field of studies and foster discussion of the topics dealt with in it. The preparation and editing of Documenta Asiana XI has taken a long time. Many of the contributions were completed and submitted some years ago. Various factors have contributed to the delay in publication, including personal commitments, the above-mentioned process of reorganization of the CNR institutes and, last but not least, the ongoing Covid-19 pandemic. I therefore apologize for any instances where the bibliography has not been updated, an omission for which the authors themselves are not responsible. This book is the product of many people’s efforts, and I would like to thank them all. I wish to express my deepest gratitude to Paola Santoro (Director of ISMA in 2013), who has encouraged this project and generously contributed to its realization. My thanks also go to Costanza Miliani, Director of ISPC, for her support. Furthermore, I wish to thank most warmly the members of GRISSO and the other contributors to this volume for agreeing to take part in this initiative with energy and enthusiasm. In addition to the authors, my most sincere thanks go to the many archivists and librarians who have made this volume possible with their painstaking work. A number of colleagues generously agreed to act as anonymous peer reviewers for the various chapters, and their wise suggestions for improvements and additions have been invaluable. Finally, both the GRISSO project in general and the present volume in particular have greatly benefited from the advice and enthusiastic support of Mario Liverani. During our long and fruitful conversations, he contributed a great deal to my desire to start this project and to see this volume through to publication. Rome, December 2020 Silvia Alaura 8 Scavi d’archivio: dalla storia dell’orientalistica alla storia delle idee Presentazione del Progetto GRISSO ‘Gruppo di Ricerca Interdisciplinare di Storia degli Studi Orientali’ 5 novembre 2013 Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Piazzale Aldo Moro 7, Roma 9,30 ‒ 10,00 Saluti istituzionali Riccardo Pozzo, Direttore del Dipartimento Scienze Umane e Sociali, Patrimonio Culturale – CNR Paola Santoro, Direttore dell’Istituto di Studi sul Mediterraneo Antico (ISMA), CNR 10,00 ‒ 10,20 Presentazione del Progetto GRISSO Silvia Alaura, ISMA, CNR 10,20 ‒ 11,00 Sessione I Jörg Klinger, Freie Universität Berlin, Institut für Altorientalistik: Frühe Kontroversen um die Stellung der Hethiter und des Hethitischen Marco Bonechi, ISMA, CNR: Alle origini dell’assiriologia italiana: ricerche d’archivio su Bruto Teloni 11,30 ‒ 12,45 Sessione II Stefano de Martino, Università di Torino; Centro Scavi di Torino: L’archivio del Centro Ricerche Archeologiche e Scavi di Torino per il Medio Oriente e l’Asia: progetti e prospettive Marina Pucci, Università degli Studi di Firenze; Freie Universität Berlin: Gli scavi di Carl Humann presso la porta sud della città di Samʾal: la perdita del contesto archeologico degli ortostati decorati Davide Nadali – Maria Gabriella Micale, Sapienza, Università di Roma: L’archeologia delle immagini. Dallo scavo all’archivio 12,45 ‒ 13,00 Conclusioni Mario Liverani, Sapienza, Università di Roma; Accademia Nazionale dei Lincei 9