استخدام قيمة الـGPS في تحديد موقع مستخدمي الهاتف المحمول ضمن جامعة الموصل

‫ﻤﺠﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺭﺍﻓﺩﻴﻥ ﻟﻌﻠﻭﻡ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﺴﻭﺏ ﻭﺍﻟﺭﻴﺎﻀﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻠﺩ )‪ (٩‬ﺍﻟﻌﺩﺩ)‪٢٠١٢(١‬‬ ‫ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﻗﻴﻤﺔ ﺍﻟـ ‪ GPS‬ﻓﻲ ﺘﺤﺩﻴﺩ ﻤﻭﻗﻊ ﻤﺴﺘﺨﺩﻤﻲ ﺍﻟﻬﺎﺘﻑ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻤﻭل ﻀﻤﻥ ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺼل‬ ‫ﻫﺒﺔ ﻤﻨﻴﺭ ﻴﺤﻴﻰ‬ ‫ﻏﻴﺩﺍﺀ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻟﻌﺯﻴﺯ ﺍﻟﻁﺎﻟﺏ‬ ‫ﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻭﻡ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﺴﻭﺏ ﻭﺍﻟﺭﻴﺎﻀﻴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺼل‬ ‫ﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ﻗﺒﻭل ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺙ‪٢٠١١/ ١٠/ ٠٣ :‬‬ ‫ﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ﺍﺴﺘﻼﻡ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺙ‪٢٠١١/ ٠٥/ ٣٠ :‬‬ ‫‪ABSTRACT‬‬ ‫‪The Mobile is a circuit that receives and sends signals through earth stations‬‬ ‫‪and satellites so the objective of this research is to build a system that retrieves‬‬ ‫‪information about the location of the mobile user .‬‬ ‫‪The proposed system gets information of the location of the mobile user within‬‬ ‫‪Mosul university depending on the values of longitude and Latitude that have been‬‬ ‫‪received from GPS .‬‬ ‫‪The system displays on the mobile screen the values of longitude and latitude of‬‬ ‫‪the current location, as well as a list of names for the nearest buildings that surrounding‬‬ ‫‪the user location .‬‬ ‫‪The system works on a mobile model (Nokia) from the third generation and‬‬ ‫‪beyond. This mobile has an integrated GPS receiver. The job of this receiver is to‬‬ ‫‪receive the incoming signals from the satellites, and they are working out of the‬‬ ‫‪buildings (out door). We used the Java 2 Micro Edition (J2ME) Language to write the‬‬ ‫‪program for this application, since it is the language that is mostly used to write the‬‬ ‫‪mobile applications.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻠﺨﺹ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻬﺎﺘﻑ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻤﻭل ﻫﻭ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺓ ﻋﻥ ﺩﺍﺌﺭﺓ ﺍﺴﺘﻘﺒﺎل ﻭﺇﺭﺴﺎل ﻹﺸﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺫﺒﺫﺒﺔ ﻋﺒﺭ ﻤﺤﻁﺎﺕ ﺇﺭﺴﺎل ﻤﻨﻬﺎ ﺃﺭﻀﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﻤﻨﻬﺎ ﻓﻀﺎﺌﻴﺔ ﻟﺫﺍ ﻴﻬﺩﻑ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺙ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺒﻨﺎﺀ ﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﻴﻌﻤل ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﺴﺘﺭﺠﺎﻉ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺼﺔ ﺒﻤﻭﻗﻊ ﺘﻭﺍﺠﺩ ﻤﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻬﺎﺘﻑ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻤﻭل ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻴﻌﻤل ﺍﻟﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﺼﻤﻡ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻨﻁﺎﻕ ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺼل ﺒﺎﻻﻋﺘﻤﺎﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﻴﻤﺘـﻲ ﺨﻁـﻲ ﺍﻟﻁـﻭل ﻭﺍﻟﻌـﺭﺽ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﺤﺼﻠﺘﻴﻥ ﻤﻥ ﻗﻴﻡ ﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺘﺤﺩﻴﺩ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻤﻲ ) ‪ ،Global positioning System (GPS‬ﻭﻴﻌﺭﺽ ﺍﻟﻨﻅﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺸﺎﺸﺔ ﺍﻟﻬﺎﺘﻑ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻤﻭل ﻗﻴﻤﺘﻲ ﺨﻁﻲ ﺍﻟﻁﻭل ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺭﺽ ﻟﻠﻤﻭﻗﻊ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻟﻲ ﻟﻠﻤﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ ﻤﻊ ﻋﺭﺽ ﻗﺎﺌﻤـﺔ ﺒﺄﺴـﻤﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻨﺎﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻴﻁﺔ ﺒﻤﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ ﺍﻟﻬﺎﺘﻑ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻤﻭل‪ ،‬ﺇﻀﺎﻓﺔ ﺇﻟﻰ ﻋﺭﺽ ﺩﻟﻴل ﻤﺒﺴﻁ ﻭﺘﻌﺭﻴﻔﻲ ﻟﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺼـل ﻭﻤـﺎ‬ ‫ﺘﻀﻤﻪ ﻤﻥ ﻤﺭﺍﻜﺯ ﻋﻠﻤﻴﺔ ﻭﺨﺩﻤﻴﺔ ﻭﻜﻠﻴﺎﺕ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻴﻌﻤل ﺍﻟﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﺠﻬﺯﺓ ﺍﻟﻬﺎﺘﻑ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻤﻭل ﻤﻥ ﻨﻭﻉ ‪ Nokia‬ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺠﻴل ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺙ ﻓﻤﺎ ﻓﻭﻕ ﻟﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﺍﺒﺭﺯ ﻤﻴـﺯﺓ‬ ‫ﻀﻤﻥ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻷﺠﻬﺯﺓ ﻭﻫﻲ ﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﻤﺴﺘﻘﺒل ﻟﻠـ ‪ GPS‬ﻤﺘﻜﺎﻤل ﺩﺍﺨل ﺃﺠﻬﺯﺓ ﺍﻟﻬﺎﺘﻑ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻤﻭل ﻭﻅﻴﻔﺘﻪ ﺍﺴﺘﻘﺒﺎل ﺍﻹﺸﺎﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺩﻤﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻷﻗﻤﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﻴﺔ ﻭﻴﻌﻤل ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻘﺒل ﺨﺎﺭﺝ ﺍﻟﺒﻨﺎﻴﺎﺕ ﻭﻗﺩ ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﻤﺕ ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺭﻤﺠﻴﺔ )‪java (J2ME‬‬ ‫‪ 2 Micro Edition‬ﻓﻲ ﻜﺘﺎﺒﺔ ﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺙ‪ ،‬ﻓﻬﻲ ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺼﺔ ﺒﺒﺭﻤﺠﺔ ﺍﻟﻬﻭﺍﺘﻑ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻤﻭﻟﺔ ‪.‬‬ ‫‪١٣٥‬‬ ‫ﻏﻴﺩﺍﺀ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻟﻌﺯﻴﺯ ﺍﻟﻁﺎﻟﺏ ﻭﻫﺒﺔ ﻤﻨﻴﺭ ﻴﺤﻴﻰ‬ ‫‪ -1‬ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺩﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻬﺎﺘﻑ ﺍﻟﺨﻠﻭﻱ )ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻤﻭل( ﻫﻭ ﺍﺤﺩ ﺃﺸﻜﺎل ﺃﺩﻭﺍﺕ ﺍﻻﺘﺼﺎل ﻭﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﻴﻌﺘﻤﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻻﺘﺼﺎل ﺍﻟﻼﺴﻠﻜﻲ ﻋـﻥ‬ ‫ﻁﺭﻴﻕ ﺸﺒﻜﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺃﺒﺭﺍﺝ ﺍﻟﺒﺙ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺯﻋﺔ ﻀﻤﻥ ﻤﺴﺎﺤﺔ ﻤﻌﻴﻨﺔ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻤﻊ ﺍﻟﺘﻁﻭﺭ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﻨﻭﻟﻭﺠﻲ ﺃﺼﺒﺤﺕ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻷﺠﻬﺯﺓ ﺃﻜﺜﺭ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ ﻭﺴﻴﻠﺔ ﺍﺘﺼﺎل ﺼﻭﺘﻲ ﻓﻬﻲ ﺃﺠﻬﺯﺓ ﺍﺴﺘﻘﺒﺎل ﻟﻠﺒﺭﻴﺩ ﺍﻟﺼﻭﺘﻲ ﻭﺘﺼﻔﺢ ﺍﻻﻨﺘﺭﻨﻴﺕ ﻭﺇﻤﻜﺎﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻭﻴﺭ ﺒـﻨﻔﺱ ﻨﻘـﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻭﻭﻀﻭﺡ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻤﻴﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺭﻗﻤﻴﺔ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﺤﺩ ﻭﺴﺎﺌل ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻡ ﻭﻨﻼﺤﻅ ﺘﺯﺍﻴﺩ ﻋﺩﺩ ﻤﺴﺘﺨﺩﻤﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﺠﻬﺎﺯ ﻟﻴﺤل ﺒﺎﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ ﻤﺤل‬ ‫ﺃﺠﻬﺯﺓ ﺍﻻﺘﺼﺎل ﺍﻟﺜﺎﺒﺘﺔ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻴﻌﻭﺩ ﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ﺍﻟﻬﺎﺘﻑ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻤﻭل ﺇﻟﻰ ﻋﺎﻡ )‪ (1947‬ﻋﻨﺩﻤﺎ ﺒﺩﺃﺕ ﺸﺭﻜﺔ )‪ (Lost Technology‬ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭﺏ ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻤﻌﻤﻠﻬﺎ ﻭﻟﻜﻨﻬﺎ ﻟﻡ ﺘﻜﻥ ﺼﺎﺤﺒﺔ ﺃﻭل ﻫﺎﺘﻑ ﻤﺤﻤﻭل ﺒل ﻜﺎﻥ ﺼﺎﺤﺏ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻻﻨﺠﺎﺯ ﻫﻭ ﺍﻷﻤﺭﻴﻜـﻲ )ﻤـﺎﺭﺘﻥ ﻜـﻭﺒﺭ(‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺤﺙ ﻓﻲ ﺸﺭﻜﺔ ﻤﻭﺘﻭﺭﻭﻻ ﻓﻲ ﺸﻴﻜﺎﻏﻭ ﺤﻴﺙ ﺃﺠﺭﻯ ﺃﻭل ﻤﻜﺎﻟﻤﺔ ﺒﻪ ﻓﻲ ﻋﺎﻡ ‪. 1937‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻬﺎﺘﻑ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻤﻭل ‪ :‬ﻫﻭ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺓ ﻋﻥ ﺩﺍﺌﺭﺓ ﺍﺴﺘﻘﺒﺎل ﻭﺇﺭﺴﺎل ﻋﻥ ﻁﺭﻴﻕ ﺇﺸﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺫﺒﺫﺒﺔ ﻋﺒﺭ ﻤﺤﻁﺎﺕ ﺇﺭﺴـﺎل ﻤﻨﻬـﺎ‬ ‫ﺃﺭﻀﻴﺔ ﻭﻤﻨﻬﺎ ﻓﻀﺎﺌﻴﺔ ﺘﻤﺎﻤﺎﹰ ﻤﺜل ﺇﺸﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺭﺍﺩﻴﻭ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻓﻜل ﻤﺩﻴﻨﺔ ﺘﻘﺴﻡ ﺇﻟﻰ ﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺨﻼﻴﺎ ‪ Cells‬ﻜﻤﺎ ﻤﻭﻀﺢ ﺒﺎﻟﺸﻜل ﺍﻟﻤﺭﻗﻡ )‪ (1‬ﻭﻴﻐﻁﻲ ﻜل ﺒﺭﺝ ﺨﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺤﺩﺓ ﻭﻴﺘﻡ ﺘﻭﺯﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﺘﺭﺩﺩﺍﺕ )ﺍﻟﻘﻨﻭﺍﺕ( ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺨﻼﻴﺎ ﺒﺤﻴﺙ ﻻ ﺘﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ ﺃﻱ ﺨﻠﻴﺘﻴﻥ ﻤﺘﺠﺎﻭﺭﺘﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﺘﺭﺩﺩﺍﺕ ﻨﻔﺴﻬﺎ ﺤﺘﻰ‬ ‫ﻻ ﻴﺤﺼل ﺘﺩﺍﺨل ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﺒﻴﻨﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺒﺫﻟﻙ ﻴﺘﻡ ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﺒﻌﺽ ﺍﻟﻘﻨﻭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻬﺎﺘﻔﻴﺔ ﻀﻤﻥ ﻤﻨﻁﻘﺔ ﻤﺎ ﻭﺇﻋﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﺍﻟﺘﺭﺩﺩﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻨﻔﺴﻬﺎ ﻀﻤﻥ ﻤﻨﻁﻘﺔ ﺃﺨﺭﻯ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻥ ﻤﻨﻁﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻐﻁﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﺭﺩﺩﺍﺕ ﺒﻴﻥ ﻤﺤﻁﺔ ﺍﻹﺭﺴﺎل ﻭﺍﻟﺠﻭﺍل ﻟﻥ ﺘﺯﻴﺩ ﻋﻥ ﻤﺴﺎﺤﺔ ﺍﻟﺨﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﺩﺍﺴﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﻜل ‪.‬‬ ‫)ﺃ(‬ ‫)ﺏ(‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜل )‪. (1‬‬ ‫) ﺃ ( ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﺘﺭﺩﺩﺍﺕ ﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺨﻼﻴﺎ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺠﺎﻭﺭﺓ ‪.‬‬ ‫)ﺏ( ﺘﻭﺯﻴﻊ ﺍﻷﺒﺭﺍﺝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺨﻼﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﻴﻬﺩﻑ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺙ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺒﻨﺎﺀ ﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﻴﻌﻤل ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﺴﺘﺭﺠﺎﻉ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺼﺔ ﺒﻤﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ ﺍﻟﻬﺎﺘﻑ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﺎل ﻭﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﻴﻌﻤـل‬ ‫ﻀﻤﻥ ﻨﻁﺎﻕ ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺼل ﺒﺎﻻﻋﺘﻤﺎﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﻴﻤﺘﻲ ﺨﻁ ﺍﻟﻁﻭل ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺭﺽ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﻠﺼﺘﻴﻥ ﻤﻥ ﻗـﻴﻡ ﻨﻅـﺎﻡ ﺘﺤﺩﻴـﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻤﻲ )‪ . (Global Positioning system‬ﺇﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺴﻴﺘﻡ ﻋﺭﻀﻬﺎ ﻋﻠـﻰ ﺸﺎﺸـﺔ ﺍﻟﻬـﺎﺘﻑ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻤﻭل ﻫﻲ ﻗﻴﻤﺘﺎ ﺨﻁﻲ ﺍﻟﻁﻭل ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺭﺽ ﻟﻠﻤﻭﻗﻊ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻟﻲ ﻟﻠﻤﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ ﻤﻊ ﻋﺭﺽ ﻗﺎﺌﻤﺔ ﺒﺄﺴﻤﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺒﻨﺎﻴـﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻴﻁـﺔ‬ ‫ﺒﻤﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ ﺍﻟﻬﺎﺘﻑ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻤﻭل ‪ .‬ﻭﺘﻡ ﻋﻤل ﺩﻟﻴل ﺠﺎﻤﻌﻲ ﻤﺒﺴﻁ ﺘﻌﺭﻴﻔﻲ ﻟﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺼل ﻭﻤﺎ ﺘﻀﻤﻪ ﻤﻥ ﻤﺭﺍﻜﺯ ﺒﺤﺜﻴـﺔ‬ ‫‪١٣٦‬‬ ‫ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﻗﻴﻤﺔ ﺍﻟـ ‪ GPS‬ﻓﻲ ﺘﺤﺩﻴﺩ ﻤﻭﻗﻊ ﻤﺴﺘﺨﺩﻤﻲ ﺍﻟﻬﺎﺘﻑ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻤﻭل ﻀﻤﻥ ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺼل‬ ‫ﻭﻜﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﻭﻤﺭﺍﻜﺯ ﺨﺩﻤﻴﺔ ﺤﻴﺙ ﺴﻴﺘﻡ ﻋﺭﺽ ﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﺒﺴﻴﻁﺔ ﻋﻨﻬﺎ ﻤﺜل ﺼﻭﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﻗﻊ‪ ،‬ﺴﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺄﺴـﻴﺱ ﻭﺍﻷﻗـﺴﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻔﺭﻋﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻴﺎﺕ ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ -2‬ﻨﻅﻡ ﺍﻷﻗﻤﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻬﺎﺘﻑ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻤﻭل‬ ‫ﺩﺨل ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﻨﻅﻡ ﺍﻷﻗﻤﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﻴﺔ ﻤﺠﺎل ﺍﻻﺘﺼﺎﻻﺕ ﺍﻟﻼﺴﻠﻜﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺼﻭﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ ﻷﻭل ﻤﺭﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺃﻭﺍﺌل‬ ‫ﺘﺴﻌﻴﻨﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻘﺭﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﻀﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻬﺩﻑ ﻤﻨﻬﺎ ﺘﻭﻓﻴﺭ ﺸﺒﻜﺔ ﻻﺴﻠﻜﻴﺔ ﻴﻤﻜﻨﻬﺎ ﺃﻥ ﺘﻘﺩﻡ ﺘﻐﻁﻴـﺔ ﻋﻠـﻰ ﻜﺎﻤـل ﺍﻟﻜـﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺭﻀﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺫﻟﻙ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﺠﺔ ﺇﻟﻰ ﻋﺩﺓ ﻫﻭﺍﺘﻑ ﻤﺘﻨﻘﻠﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﻭﺍل ﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﺩﻴﺩ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ ﻭﺒﺫﻟﻙ ﺘﻤﻜﻨﺕ ﺍﻟﻬﻭﺍﺘﻑ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺘﻤﺩﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻷﻗﻤﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﻴﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺃﻥ ﺘﺼﺒﺢ ﻤﻌﻴﺎﺭﺍﹰ ﻭﺍﻗﻌﻴﺎﹰ ﻟﻼﺘﺼﺎﻻﺕ ﺍﻟﻭﺍﺴﻌﺔ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻓﻲ ﻨﻔﺱ ﺍﻟﻭﻗﺕ ﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﻗﺩﻡ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻤﺴﻭﻗﻭﺍ ﺍﻷﻗﻤﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﻴﺔ ﻫﻭﺍﺘﻔﻬﻡ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﻗﺩﺭ ﻟﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻌﻤل ﻋﻠﻰ ﻨﻁﺎﻕ ﺍﻟﻜـﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺭﻀﻴﺔ ﺒﺄﺴﺭﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﻜﺎﻥ ﻤﺼﻨﻌﻭﺍ ﺍﻟﻬﻭﺍﺘﻑ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻤﻭﻟﺔ ﻴﻌﻤﻠﻭﻥ ﺤﺜﻴﺜﺎﹸ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺘﺼﺎﻤﻴﻡ ﺠﺫﺍﺒﺔ ﺨﻔﻴﻔﺔ ﺍﻟـﻭﺯﻥ‪ ،‬ﺭﺨﻴـﺼﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻌﺭ ﻭﺘﻭﻓﺭ ﺍﻟﺨﺩﻤﺎﺕ ﻨﻔﺴﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺘﻘﺩﻤﻬﺎ ﻫﻭﺍﺘﻑ ﺍﻷﻗﻤﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﻴﺔ ‪ .‬ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻴﺨﺹ ﺍﻟﺤﻴﺎﺓ ﺍﻟﻴﻭﻤﻴﺔ ﻟﻤﺤﺘﺭﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻘل ﻻ‬ ‫ﺘﻭﻓﺭ ﺍﻻﺘﺼﺎﻻﺕ ﻋﻥ ﻁﺭﻴﻕ ﺍﻷﻗﻤﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﻴﺔ ﺃﻴﺔ ﻓﻭﺍﺌﺩ ﻫﺎﻤﺔ ﻭﻟﻜﻥ ﺍﻷﻤﺭ ﻤﺨﺘﻠﻑ ﺒﺎﻟﻨـﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﻸﺸـﺨﺎﺹ ﺍﻟـﺫﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻴﺤﺘﺎﺠﻭﻥ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﻭﺼﻭل ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﺼﻭﺕ ﻓﻲ ﻤﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺒﻌﻴﺩﺓ ﺃﻭ ﻟﻀﻤﺎﻥ ﺘﻐﻁﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﻏﻴﺭ ﺍﻟﺒﻌﻴﺩﺓ ﺇﺫ ﺘﺼﺒﺢ‬ ‫ﺤﻴﻨﻬﺎ ﺘﻜﻨﻭﻟﻭﺠﻴﺎ ﺍﻷﻗﻤﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﻴﺔ ﻫﺎﻤﺔ ﻟﻠﻐﺎﻴﺔ ]‪. [2‬‬ ‫‪ 1-2‬ﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺘﺤﺩﻴﺩ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻤﻲ ‪(Global positioning System) GPS‬‬ ‫ﻓﻲ ﻋﺎﻡ ‪ 1973‬ﺒﺩﺍ ﺍﻟﻌﻤل ﻓﻲ ﻭﺯﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺩﻓﺎﻉ ﺍﻷﻤﺭﻴﻜﻴﺔ ﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻡ ﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺘﺤﺩﻴﺩ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﻭﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﻋﺭﻑ ﺒﺎﺴـﻡ‬ ‫)‪ Global Positioning System (GPS‬ﻭﺫﻟﻙ ﻻﺴﺘﺒﺩﺍل ﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﻼﺤﺔ ﺒﺎﻷﻗﻤﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻌـﺭﻭﻑ ﺒﺎﺴـﻡ‬ ‫‪ Transit system‬ﺃﻭ ‪ ،Sat – Nav‬ﻭﺘﻘﺎﺩﻱ ﻋﻴﻭﺒﻪ ﺍﻟﻤﻤﺜﻠﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺘﻐﻁﻴﺘﻪ ﻏﻴﺭ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻓﻴﺔ ﻟﻸﻗﻤﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﻴﺔ ﻭﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺘـﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻼﺤﻴﺔ ﻏﻴﺭ ﺍﻟﺩﻗﻴﻘﺔ ‪ .‬ﺍﺴﺘﺤﺩﺙ ﺍﻟﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺠﺩﻴﺩ )‪ (GPS‬ﻟﻴﻭﻓﺭ ﺘﻐﻁﻴﺔ ﻜﺎﻤﻠﺔ ﻭﺒﺩﻗﺔ ﻋﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻟﻼﺤﺘﻴﺎﺠﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﺴﻜﺭﻴﺔ ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺨﻼل ﺘﺯﻭﻴﺩ ﺍﻟﺠﻴﺵ ﺒﻭﺴﻴﻠﺔ ﺩﻗﻴﻘﺔ ﻟﺘﺤﺩﻴﺩ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺍﻗﻊ ‪ .‬ﻭﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﺒﻌﺩ ﺒﺩﺃ ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻤﻪ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺨﺩﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺩﻨﻴﺔ ﺇﺫ ﺃﻥ ﻟﻪ ﺍﻟﻌﺩﻴﺩ ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻁﺒﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﺍﻷﺭﻀﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﺤﺭﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺠﻭﻴﺔ ]‪. [3][4‬‬ ‫ﻭﻤﻥ ﺃﻫﻡ ﺘﻁﺒﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻤﺎﺕ ﻨﻅﺎﻡ ‪GPS‬‬ ‫ﺃ ‪ -‬ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺎﻻﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﺴﻜﺭﻴﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل ﺭﺼﺩ ﺘﺤﺭﻜﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺠﻴﻭﺵ ﻭﺘﺤﺩﻴﺩ ﺍﻷﻫﺩﺍﻑ ﻭﺍﺴـﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﺍﻟﺘﻬـﺩﻴﻑ ﺍﻟـﺩﻗﻴﻕ‬ ‫ﻟﻸﺴﻠﺤﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺴﻜﺭﻴﺔ ﻜﻤﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺼﻭﺍﺭﻴﺦ ﻜﺭﻭﺯ ﻭﻴﻌﺩ ﺃﻴﻀﺎﹰ ﻭﺴﻴﻠﺔ ﺩﻓﺎﻉ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺏ ‪ -‬ﻴﻌﺩ ﻨﻅﺎﻤﺎﹰ ﺃﺴﺎﺴﻴﺎﹰ ﻓﻲ ﺃﻋﻤﺎل ﺍﻟﻤﻼﺤﺔ ﺍﻟﺠﻭﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﺤﺭﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﺭﻴﺔ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺕ ‪ -‬ﻴﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ ﻓﻲ ﺠﻤﻴﻊ ﺍﻷﻋﻤﺎل ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺎﺤﻴﺔ ﺇﺫ ﻴﺴﺘﺨﺩﻤﻪ ﺍﻟﻤﺴ‪‬ﺎﺤﻭﻥ ﻟﺘﺤﺩﻴﺩ ﺤﺩﻭﺩ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺎﻁﻕ ﻭﻓﻲ ﺇﻨﺸﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻁﺭﻕ ﻭﻓـﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺨﻁﻴﻁ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻴﻁﺭﺓ ﺃﺜﻨﺎﺀ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﻨﺎﺀ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺙ ‪ -‬ﺭﺼﺩ ﺘﺤﺭﻜﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻘﺸﺭﺓ ﺍﻷﺭﻀﻴﺔ ﻭﺭﺼﺩ ﺇﺯﺍﺤﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺸﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺤﻴﻭﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺠﺴﻭﺭ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺝ ‪ -‬ﺭﺼﺩ ﻭﺘﺘﺒﻊ ﺘﺤﺭﻜﺎﺕ ﺍﻷﺸﺨﺎﺹ ﻭﻭﺴﺎﺌل ﺍﻟﻨﻘل ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺩ ‪ -‬ﺘﺤﺩﻴﺩ ﻤﻭﻗﻊ ﺍﻟﻬﺎﺘﻑ ﺍﻟﺨﻠﻭﻱ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺘﻜﻭﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻨﻭﻋﻴﻥ ﻭﻜﻤﺎ ﻤﻭﻀﺤﺔ ﺒﺎﻟﺸﻜل )‪: (2‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﻟﻰ ‪ :‬ﺍﻻﻋﺘﻤﺎﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺇﺸﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻷﻗﻤﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻭﺍﺼﻠﺔ ﺇﻟﻰ ﻤﺴﺘﻘﺒل ﺍﻟـ‪ GPS‬ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻜﺎﻤل ﺩﺍﺨـل ﺠﻬـﺎﺯ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻬﺎﺘﻑ ﺍﻟﺨﻠﻭﻱ ﻭﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ ﺘﻌﻤل ﺨﺎﺭﺝ ﺍﻷﺒﻨﻴﺔ )‪ (out door‬ﻓﻘﻁ ‪.‬‬ ‫‪١٣٧‬‬ ‫ﻏﻴﺩﺍﺀ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻟﻌﺯﻴﺯ ﺍﻟﻁﺎﻟﺏ ﻭﻫﺒﺔ ﻤﻨﻴﺭ ﻴﺤﻴﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻨﻴﺔ ‪ :‬ﺘﺴﻤﻰ ﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ ‪ GPS‬ﺍﻟﻤﺩﻋﻤﺔ )‪ Assisted GPS (AGPS‬ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ ﻴﺘﻡ ﺘﺤﺩﻴـﺩ ﻤﻭﻗـﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻬﺎﺘﻑ ﺍﻟﺨﻠﻭﻱ ﺩﺍﺨل ﻭﺨﺎﺭﺝ ﺍﻷﺒﻨﻴﺔ ﺒﺎﻻﻋﺘﻤﺎﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻜل ﻤﻥ ﺍﻷﻗﻤﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﻴﺔ ﻭﺸﺒﻜﺔ ﺃﺒﺭﺍﺝ ﺍﻟﻬﺎﺘﻑ ﺍﻟﺨﻠﻭﻱ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺘﻐﻁﻲ ﺘﻠﻙ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻁﻘﺔ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺘﺘﻤﻴﺯ ﺘﻘﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻟـ ‪ GPS‬ﺒﻤﺎ ﻴﻠﻲ ]‪: [1‬‬ ‫‪ - 1‬ﻤﺘﺎﺤﺔ ﻁﻭﺍل ‪ 24‬ﺴﺎﻋﺔ ﻴﻭﻤﻴﺎﹰ ﻟﻴﻼﹰ ﻭﻨﻬﺎﺭﺍﹰ ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻡ ﻜﻠﻪ ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ - 2‬ﺘﻐﻁﻲ ﺠﻤﻴﻊ ﺃﻨﺤﺎﺀ ﺍﻷﺭﺽ ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ - 3‬ﻻ ﺘﺘﺄﺜﺭ ﺒﺄﻴﺔ ﻅﺭﻭﻑ ﻤﻨﺎﺨﻴﺔ ﻤﺜل ﺩﺭﺠﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺤﺭﺍﺭﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻁﺭ ﻭﺍﻟﺭﻁﻭﺒﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻭﺍﺼﻑ ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ - 4‬ﺍﻟﺩﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺘﺤﺩﻴﺩ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﻗﻊ ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ - 5‬ﻻ ﺘﺤﺘﺎﺝ ﻟﺨﺒﺭﺓ ﺘﻘﻨﻴﺔ ﻤﺘﺨﺼﺼﺔ ﻟﺘﺸﻐﻴل ﺃﺠﻬﺯﺓ ﺍﻻﺴﺘﻘﺒﺎل ﺨﺎﺼﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻤﻭﻟﺔ ﻴﺩﻭﻴﺎﹰ ﻟﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺃﻥ ﺒﻌﺽ ﻤﺴﺘﻘﺒﻼﺕ‬ ‫‪ GPS‬ﺃﺼﺒﺤﺕ ﺘﺩﻤﺞ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﻋﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻴﺩﻭﻴﺔ ﻭﺃﺠﻬﺯﺓ ﺍﻻﺘﺼﺎل ﺍﻟﺘﻠﻴﻔﻭﻨﻲ ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ 2-2‬ﻜﻴﻑ ﻴﻌﻤل ﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺘﺤﺩﻴﺩ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺍﻗﻊ‬ ‫ﺇﻥ ﻨﻅﺭﻴﺔ ﻋﻤل ﻨﻅﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﻼﺤﺔ ﺒﺎﻷﻗﻤﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﻴﺔ ﺘﻌﺘﻤﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﺒﺩﺃ ﻗﻴﺎﺱ ﺍﻟﺯﻤﻥ ﺍﻟـﺫﻱ ﺘـﺴﺘﻐﺭﻗﻪ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺠـﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺭﺍﺩﻴﻭﻴﺔ ﻤﻨﺫ ﺼﺩﻭﺭﻫﺎ ﻤﻥ ﻭﺤﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﺙ )ﺍﻟﻘﻤﺭ ﺍﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﻲ( ﻭﺤﺘﻰ ﻭﺼﻭﻟﻬﺎ ﺇﻟﻰ ﻭﺤﺩﺓ ﺍﻻﺴﺘﻘﺒﺎل )ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻘﺒل( ﻭﻤﻥ ﺜﻡ‬ ‫ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﺤﺴﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺎﻓﺔ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﻘﻤﺭ ﺍﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﻲ ﻭﺠﻬﺎﺯ ﺍﻻﺴﺘﻘﺒﺎل ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﺩﻟﺔ ‪- :‬‬ ‫ﺤﻴﺙ ‪ D‬ﻴﻤﺜل ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺎﻓﺔ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﻘﻤﺭ ﺍﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﻲ ﻭﺠﻬﺎﺯ ﺍﻻﺴﺘﻘﺒﺎل ‪ C ،‬ﺴﺭﻋﺔ ﺍﻹﺸـﺎﺭﺓ ﻭﺘـﺴﺎﻭﻱ ﺴـﺭﻋﺔ ﺍﻟـﻀﻭﺀ‬ ‫)‪ ∆ t (299792.458‬ﻜﻴﻠﻭﻤﺘﺭ ‪ /‬ﺜﺎ ‪ = ،‬ﺯﻤﻥ ﺍﻻﺴﺘﻘﺒﺎل – ﺯﻤﻥ ﺍﻹﺭﺴﺎل ﻟﻬﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺠﺔ ﺍﻟﺭﺍﺩﻴﻭﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺒﻤﺎ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺠﻭﺩﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻘﻤﺭ ﺍﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﻲ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﻭﻉ ﺍﻟﺫﺭﻱ ﻋﺎﻟﻲ ﺍﻟﺩﻗﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺘﺤﺩﻴﺩ ﺯﻤﻥ ﺍﻹﺭﺴﺎل ﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ ﺒﺎﻟـﺴﺎﻋﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺠـﻭﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﻀﻤﻥ ﺠﻬﺎﺯ ﺍﻻﺴﺘﻘﺒﺎل ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺘﻜﻭﻥ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺩﻗﺔ ﺍﻗل ﻤﻥ ﺍﻷﻭﻟﻰ‪ ،‬ﻟﺫﺍ ﺍﺒﺘﻜﺭ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﺎﺀ ﻓﻜﺭﺓ ﺫﻜﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﻐﻠﺏ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﺸﻜﻠﺔ ﻋﺩﻡ‬ ‫ﺩﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﻋﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺃﺠﻬﺯﺓ ﺍﻻﺴﺘﻘﺒﺎل‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻲ ﺇﻀﺎﻓﺔ )‪ (Et‬ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺘﻤﺜل ﻗﻴﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﺨﻁﺄ ﻓﻲ ﺴﺎﻋﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻘﺒل ﻭﺤﻠﻬﺎ ﻤﻥ ﺨـﻼل‬ ‫ﻤﻌﺎﺩﻟﺔ ﺭﻴﺎﻀﻴﺔ ‪:‬‬ ‫‪١٣٨‬‬ ‫ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﻗﻴﻤﺔ ﺍﻟـ ‪ GPS‬ﻓﻲ ﺘﺤﺩﻴﺩ ﻤﻭﻗﻊ ﻤﺴﺘﺨﺩﻤﻲ ﺍﻟﻬﺎﺘﻑ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻤﻭل ﻀﻤﻥ ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺼل‬ ‫ﻭﺒﺎﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ ﻓﺎﻥ ﻋﺩﺩ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻬﻭﻟﺔ ﺘﺴﺎﻭﻱ ﺃﺭﺒﻊ ﻗﻴﻡ ﺇﺫﻥ ﻨﺤﺘﺎﺝ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺃﺭﺒﻊ ﻤﻌﺎﺩﻻﺕ ﺘﺤل ﺃﻨﻴﺎ ﻟﺤﺴﺎﺏ ﻗـﻴﻡ ﺍﻟﻌﻨﺎﺼـﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺭﺒﻌﺔ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻟﻜﻲ ﻴﺘﻡ ﺘﺤﺩﻴﺩ ﻤﻭﻗﻌﻙ ﺒﺸﻜل ﺼﺤﻴﺢ ﻓﺎﻨﻙ ﺘﺤﺘﺎﺝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻷﻗل ﺜﻼﺜﺔ ﺃﻗﻤﺎﺭ ﺼﻨﺎﻋﻴﺔ ﻓﻠﻭ ﻜﻨﺕ ﻓﻲ ﻤﻨﻁﻘﺔ ﻴﻐﻁﻴﻬﺎ ﻗﻤﺭ‬ ‫ﺼﻨﺎﻋﻲ ﻭﺍﺤﺩ ﻜﻤﺎ ﻤﻭﻀﺢ ﺒﺎﻟﺸﻜل )‪ - 3‬ﺃ( ﻓﻠﻥ ﺘﺴﺘﻁﻴﻊ ﺘﺤﺩﻴﺩ ﻤﻭﻗﻌﻙ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻴﺢ ﻷﻨﻙ ﺴﺘﻜﻭﻥ ﺩﺍﺨل ﺩﺍﺌﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﺃﻤﺎ ﺇﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﻜﻨﺕ ﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺘﺤﺕ ﺘﺄﺜﻴﺭ ﻗﻤﺭﻴﻥ ﺼﻨﺎﻋﻴﻴﻥ ﻜﻤﺎ ﻓﻲ )‪ –3‬ﺏ( ﻓﺎﻨﻙ ﺴﻭﻑ ﺘﻜﻭﻥ ﻀﻤﻥ ﻤﻨﻁﻘﺔ ﺘﻘﺎﻁﻊ ﺍﻟﺩﺍﺌﺭﺘﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﻠﺘـﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻴﻐﻁﻴﻬﻤﺎ ﻫﺫﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﻘﻤﺭﻴﻥ ﺃﻤﺎ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻭﺠﺩ ﺜﻼﺜﺔ ﺃﻗﻤﺎﺭ ﺼﻨﺎﻋﻴﺔ ﻜﻤﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺸﻜل )‪- 3‬ﺝ( ﻓﺎﻥ ﻨﻘﻁﺔ ﺘﻘﺎﻁﻊ ﺍﻟﺩﻭﺍﺌﺭ ﺍﻟﺜﻼﺜـﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﻤﺜل ﻤﻭﻗﻌﻙ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻟﻲ ﻭﺍﻟﺼﺤﻴﺢ ﺃﻤﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺤﺎﻟﺔ ﻭﺠﻭﺩﻙ ﺘﺤﺕ ﺘﺄﺜﻴﺭ ﺃﻭ ﺘﻐﻁﻴﺔ ﺃﺭﺒﻌﺔ ﺃﻗﻤﺎﺭ ﺼﻨﺎﻋﻴﺔ ﻜﻤﺎ ﻓـﻲ ﺍﻟـﺸﻜل‬ ‫)‪- 3‬ﺩ( ﻓﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﺘﻴﺠﺔ ﺴﻭﻑ ﺘﻜﻭﻥ ﺃﻜﺜﺭ ﺩﻗﺔ ﺤﻴﺙ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﺭﺠﻌﺔ ﺴﺘﻜﻭﻥ ‪ :‬ﺨﻁ ﺍﻟﻁﻭل‪ ،‬ﺨﻁ ﺍﻟﻌـﺭﺽ ﻭﺍﻻﺭﺘﻔـﺎﻉ‬ ‫]‪. [6][1][8‬‬ ‫)ﺏ( ﺍﻟﻤﻭﻗﻊ ﻤﻤﻜﻥ ﺃﻥ ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﻋﻨﺩ ﺘﻘﺎﻁﻊ‬ ‫)ﺝ( ﺍﻟﻨﻘﻁﺔ ‪ B‬ﺘﻤﺜل ﺍﻟﻤﻭﻗﻊ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻟﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﺍﺌﺭﺘﻴﻥ ‪A , B‬‬ ‫)ﺃ( ﻤﻤﻜﻥ ﺃﻥ ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﻗﻊ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ ﺃﻱ ﻤﻜﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺨل ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﺩﺍﺌﺭﺓ‬ ‫)ﺩ( ﺍﻟﻤﻭﻗﻊ ﻀﻤﻥ ﺘﻐﻁﻴﺔ ﺃﺭﺒﻌﺔ ﺃﻗﻤﺎﺭ ﺼﻨﺎﻋﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺸﻜل )‪ . (3‬ﻜﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﺘﺤﺩﻴﺩ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﻗﻊ‬ ‫ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﺘﺤﺩﻴﺩ ﺇﺤﺩﺍﺜﻴﺎﺕ ﺃﻱ ﻨﻘﻁﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺴﻁﺢ ﺍﻷﺭﺽ ﺒﺎﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﺨﻁﻭﻁ ﺍﻟﻁﻭل ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺭﺽ ﻓﻤﺜﻼ ﺇﺤـﺩﺍﺜﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻜﻌﺒـﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺭﻴﻔﺔ ﻫﻲ ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺨﻁ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺽ‪:‬‬ ‫‪N 21° 25' 21.05‬‬ ‫ﺨﻁ ﺍﻟﻁﻭل ‪:‬‬ ‫‪E 39° 49' 34.06‬‬ ‫‪ 3-2‬ﻟﻐﺔ )‪Java 2 Micro Edition (J2ME‬‬ ‫ﻓﻲ ﻋﺎﻡ ‪ 2000‬ﻗﺭﺭﺕ ﺸﺭﻜﺔ ‪ Sun Microsystem‬ﻤﻨﺢ ﻟﻐﺔ ‪ Java‬ﻤﺤﺎﻭﻟﺔ ﻋﻠـﻰ ﺼـﻌﻴﺩ ﺍﻷﺠﻬـﺯﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻨﻘﻠﺔ‪ ،‬ﺃﻁﻠﻘﺕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺨﺔ ﺍﺴﻡ )‪ . Java 2 Micro Edition (J2ME‬ﻭﺘﺘﻭﺠﻪ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ ﺇﻟـﻰ ﺍﻷﺠﻬـﺯﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﻐﻴﺭﺓ ﻭﺍﻻﺴﺘﻬﻼﻜﻴﺔ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺫﺍﻜﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﺩﻭﺩﺓ ﻤﻊ ﻗﻭﺓ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺽ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﻟﺠﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﻤﺕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﺩﻯ ﻭﺍﺴـﻊ ﻤـﻥ‬ ‫‪١٣٩‬‬ ‫ﻏﻴﺩﺍﺀ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻟﻌﺯﻴﺯ ﺍﻟﻁﺎﻟﺏ ﻭﻫﺒﺔ ﻤﻨﻴﺭ ﻴﺤﻴﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺠﻬﺯﺓ ﺘﺘﺭﺍﻭﺡ ﻤﺎﺒﻴﻥ ‪ Java Smart Carts‬ﻭﺍﻷﺠﻬﺯﺓ ﺍﻟﺫﻜﻴﺔ ‪ .‬ﺘﻡ ﺘﻀﻤﻴﻥ ﻫﻭﺍﺘﻑ ﺠﺎﻓﺎ ﺍﻟﺫﻜﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻫـﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﻤﺠـﺎل‬ ‫ﺤﻴﺙ ﺘﻘﺩﻡ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ ﻤﻤﻴﺯﺍﺕ ﺃﺴﺎﺴﻴﺔ ﻭﻫﻲ ﻗﺎﺒﻠﻴﺔ ﻨﻘل ﺍﻟﺸﻔﺭﺓ ﻭﺩﻋﻡ ﻤﺨﺘﻠﻑ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺼﺎﺕ ﺒﺤﻴﺙ ﻴﻤﻜﻨﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻌﻤـل ﻤـﻊ‬ ‫ﻤﻨﺼﺘﻲ ‪ (Java 2 Standard Edition) J2SE‬ﻭ‪. (Java 2 Enterprise Edition ) J2EE‬‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺸﻜل ﺍﻟﻤﺭﻗﻡ )‪ (4‬ﻴﺒﻴﻥ ﺇﺼﺩﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﻟﻐﺔ ‪ java‬ﻭﺍﻷﺠﻬﺯﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺩﻤﺔ ﻤﻊ ﻜل ﺇﺼﺩﺍﺭ ‪[5][2] .‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜل )‪ . (4‬ﺇﺼﺩﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﻟﻐﺔ ‪(J2ME , J2EE,J2SE ) Java‬‬ ‫ﻭ ﺍﻷﺠﻬﺯﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺩﻤﺔ ﻤﻊ ﻜل ﺇﺼﺩﺍﺭ‬ ‫‪ - 3‬ﺍﻟﺒﺤﻭﺙ ﺍﻟﻤﺸﺎﺒﻬﺔ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺤﺜﺎﻥ ) ‪ (AL-Suwaidi, G.B. , Zemerly, M.J‬ﻓﻲ ﻋﺎﻡ )‪ (2009‬ﺒﺒﻨﺎﺀ ﺘﻁﺒﻴﻕ ﻴﻌﻤل ﻋﻠـﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻬﺎﺘﻑ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻤﻭل ﻴﻌﺘﻤﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺨﺩﻤﺔ ﺘﺠﻬﻴﺯ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺒﺎﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﻗﻴﻡ ﺍﻟـ ‪ GPS‬ﺒﻭﺼﻔﻬﺎ ﻗﻴﻤﺔ ﻟﺘﺤﺩﻴـﺩ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﻗـﻊ ﻭﻫـﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﻴﻘﻭﻡ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﺒﺩﺃ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺩﻡ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻔﻴﺩ ﻟﻴﺴﺎﻋﺩ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺩﻤﻴﻥ ﻓﻲ ﺇﻴﺠﺎﺩ ﺃﻓﺭﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺌﻠﺔ ﻭﻴﺘﻡ ﺍﺴﺘﻼﻡ ﺇﺸﻌﺎﺭ ﻓـﻲ ﺤﺎﻟـﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻗﺘﺭﺍﺏ ﺍﻷﺼﺩﻗﺎﺀ ﻤﻥ ﻤﻭﻗﻊ ﺍﻟﺸﺨﺹ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ ﻟﺠﻬﺎﺯ ﺍﻟﻬﺎﺘﻑ ]‪. [3‬‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺎﻡ ) ‪ ( Zhuowei Hu‬ﻋﺎﻡ )‪ (2010‬ﺒﺒﻨﺎﺀ ﺘﻁﺒﻴﻕ ﻴﻌﻤل ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻬﺎﺘﻑ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻤﻭل ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﺃﺸـﺒﻪ ﺒﻤﺭﺸـﺩ‬ ‫ﺴﻴﺎﺤﻲ ﻟﻤﻨﻁﻘﺔ ‪ Shan xi‬ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺼﻴﻥ ﺒﺎﻻﻋﺘﻤﺎﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﻴﻡ ﺍﻟـ ‪ GPS‬ﻭﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﺘﻁﺒﻴﻕ ﺒﻭﺼﻔﻪ ﺨﺩﻤﺔ ﺴـﻴﺎﺤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻴﺴﺘﺨﺩﻤﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻀﻴﻭﻑ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺡ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺭﻑ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻁﻘﺔ ﺒﺩﻭﻥ ﺃﻱ ﻤﺭﺸﺩ ]‪. [7‬‬ ‫‪ - 4‬ﺍﻟﺨﻭﺍﺭﺯﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺘﺭﺤﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﻡ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺙ ﺍﻗﺘﺭﺍﺡ ﺨﻭﺍﺭﺯﻤﻴﺔ ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﺒﻭﺴﺎﻁﺘﻬﺎ ﺘﺤﺩﻴﺩ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﻗﻊ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻟﻲ ﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ ﺍﻟﻬـﺎﺘﻑ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻤـﻭل‬ ‫ﻀﻤﻥ ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺼل ﺒﺎﻻﺴﺘﻌﺎﻨﺔ ﺒﺎﻟﻘﻴﻡ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺼﺔ ﺒﺎﻟـ ‪ GPS‬ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺘﻤﺜﻠﺕ ﺒﺎﻟﻤﺨﻁﻁ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺸﻜل )‪ (5‬ﻭﺒـﺎﻟﺨﻁﻭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ ‪- :‬‬ ‫‪ - 1‬ﺍﻟﺒﺩﺍﻴﺔ ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ - 2‬ﻴﻭﻓﺭ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﺘﻁﺒﻴﻕ ﺨﻴﺎﺭﻴﻥ ﻫﻤﺎ )ﺃﻨﺕ ﻗﺭﻴﺏ ﻤﻥ ؟ ﻭ ﺩﻟﻴل ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺼل(‪.‬‬ ‫‪ - 3‬ﻓﻲ ﺤﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﺨﺘﻴﺎﺭ)ﺃﻨﺕ ﻗﺭﻴﺏ ﻤﻥ ؟( ﺍﻨﺘﻘل ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﺨﻁﻭﺓ ‪. 5‬‬ ‫‪١٤٠‬‬ ‫ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﻗﻴﻤﺔ ﺍﻟـ ‪ GPS‬ﻓﻲ ﺘﺤﺩﻴﺩ ﻤﻭﻗﻊ ﻤﺴﺘﺨﺩﻤﻲ ﺍﻟﻬﺎﺘﻑ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻤﻭل ﻀﻤﻥ ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺼل‬ ‫‪ - 4‬ﻓﻲ ﺤﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﺨﺘﻴﺎﺭ) ﺩﻟﻴل ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺼل ( ﺍﻨﺘﻘل ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﺨﻁﻭﺓ ‪. 10‬‬ ‫‪ - 5‬ﻗﺭﺍﺀﺓ ﻗﻴﻤﺔ ‪ GPS‬ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺼﺔ ﺒﻤﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ ﺍﻟﻬﺎﺘﻑ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻤﻭل ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻠﻤﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻷﻗﻤﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﻴﺔ ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ - 6‬ﺘﺤﻠﻴل ﻗﻴﻤﺔ ﺍﻟـ ‪ GPS‬ﻭﺘﺤﻭﻴﻠﻬﺎ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﻅﺎﻡ ‪ (Degrees, Decimal degrees) D.D‬ﺇﻟـﻰ ﺍﻟﻨﻅـﺎﻡ ‪DMS‬‬ ‫)‪. (Degree, Minutes, Seconds‬‬ ‫‪ - 7‬ﺘﺘﻡ ﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻟﻠـ ‪ GPS‬ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻭﻟﺔ ﺇﻟﻰ ﻨﻅﺎﻡ ‪ DMS‬ﺒﺎﻟﻘﻴﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺯﻭﻨﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻗﺎﻋﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ ﻋﻥ ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺼل‪ ،‬ﺇﺫ ﺘﻡ ﺘﻘﺴﻴﻡ ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺼل ﺇﻟﻰ ﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻘﻁﺎﻋﺎﺕ ﻋﺩﺩﻫﺎ )‪ 19‬ﻗﻁﺎﻉ( ﻭﻜل ﻗﻁﺎﻉ ﺃﺨﺫ ﻤﺴﺎﺤﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﺍﻋﺘﻤﺎﺩﺍﹰ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺘﺠﻤﻌﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺍﻜﺯ ﻭﺍﻟﻜﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻷﻗﺴﺎﻡ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻓﻌﻠﻴﻪ ﺘﻡ ﺘﺜﺒﻴﺕ ﻗﻴﻡ ﺨﻁﻭﻁ ﺍﻟﻁﻭل ﻭﺍﻟﻌـﺭﺽ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺘﻐﻁﻲ ﻜل ﻗﻁﺎﻉ ﻭﻜﻤﺎ ﻤﺒﻴﻥ ﺒﺎﻟﺠﺩﻭل ﺍﻟﻤﺭﻗﻡ )‪ (1‬ﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﻴﺒﻴﻥ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻤﺎ ﻴﺘﻀﻤﻨﻪ ﻜل ﻗﻁﺎﻉ ﻤﻥ ﻜﻠﻴﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺍﻜﺯ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻤﻴﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺨﺩﻤﻴﺔ ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ - 8‬ﻓﺈﺫﺍ ﻜﺎﻨﺕ ﻗﻴﻤﺔ ﺍﻟـ ‪ GPS‬ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻭﻟﺔ ﻀﻤﻥ ﺍﻟـﻘﻁﺎﻋﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺒﻌﺔ ﻟﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺼل‪ ،‬ﺴﻭﻑ ﺘﻅﻬﺭ ﻭﺍﺠﻬﺔ ﺒـﺎﻟﻘﻴﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﺭﺠﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻀﻤﻨﺔ )ﺨﻁ ﺍﻟﻁﻭل‪ ،‬ﺨﻁ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺽ‪ ،‬ﺍﻷﻤﺎﻜﻥ ﺍﻟﻘﺭﻴﺒﺔ ﻤﻥ ﻤﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ ﺍﻟﻬﺎﺘﻑ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻤﻭل( ﻭﺇﻻ ﺴـﻭﻑ‬ ‫ﺘﻅﻬﺭ ﺭﺴﺎﻟﺔ ﺨﻁﺄ ﺒﻌﺩﻡ ﺼﺤﺔ ﻗﻴﻤﺔ ﺍﻟـ ‪ GPS‬ﻭﻁﻠﺏ ﺇﻋﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﺎﻭﻟﺔ ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ - 9‬ﺍﻨﺘﻘل ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﺨﻁﻭﺓ ‪. 14‬‬ ‫‪ - 10‬ﺴﺘﻅﻬﺭ ﻗﺎﺌﻤﺔ ﺩﻟﻴل ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺼل ﻭﺘﺘﻀﻤﻥ )ﺭﺌﺎﺴﺔ ﺍﻟﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻤﻜﺘﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﻜﺯﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺍﻜﺯ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻴﺎﺕ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺍﻜﺯ ﺍﻟﺨﺩﻤﻴﺔ(‪.‬‬ ‫‪ - 11‬ﻓﻲ ﺤﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﺨﺘﻴﺎﺭ )ﺭﺌﺎﺴﺔ ﺍﻟﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ( ﺃﻭ )ﺍﻟﻤﻜﺘﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﻜﺯﻴﺔ( ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺌﻤﺔ ﺴﻭﻑ ﺘﻅﻬﺭ ﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﺒﺴﻴﻁﺔ ﻤﺘﻀﻤﻨﺔ‬ ‫)ﺍﻻﺴﻡ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺼﻭﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﻨﺒﺫﺓ ﻤﺨﺘﺼﺭﺓ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﻗﻊ(‪.‬‬ ‫‪ - 12‬ﺍﻨﺘﻘل ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﺨﻁﻭﺓ ‪. 14‬‬ ‫‪ - 13‬ﻓﻲ ﺤﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﺨﺘﻴﺎﺭ )ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺍﻜﺯ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺍﻜﺯ ﺍﻟﺨﺩﻤﻴﺔ( ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺌﻤﺔ ﺴﻭﻑ ﺘﻅﻬﺭ ﻗﺎﺌﻤﺔ ﺘﺎﺒﻌﺔ ﻟﻤﺎ ﺘـﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﺨﺘﻴﺎﺭﻩ ﻭﺒﻌﺩﻫﺎ ﻴﺘﻡ ﺍﺨﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﺍﺤﺩ ﻤﻜﻭﻨﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺌﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺘﺎﺭﺓ ﻟﻴﺘﻡ ﻋﺭﺽ ﺘﻔﺎﺼﻴﻠﻬﺎ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺘﻀﻤﻨﺔ )ﺍﻻﺴﻡ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺼﻭﺭﺓ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻨﺒﺫﺓ ﻤﺨﺘﺼﺭﺓ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﻗﻊ(‪.‬‬ ‫‪ - 14‬ﺍﻟﻨﻬﺎﻴﺔ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻴﺎﺕ ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺍﻜﺯ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻴﺔ ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺍﻜﺯ ﺍﻟﺨﺩﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﻴﻀﻤﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻘﻁﺎﻉ‬ ‫ﺭﻗﻡ ﺍﻟﻘﻁﺎﻉ‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫ﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺯﺭﺍﻋﺔ – ﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻭﻡ ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻴﺔ – ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺘﺩﻯ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻲ ﻭﺍﻷﺩﺒﻲ‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫ﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﻁﺏ ﻨﻴﻨﻭﻯ‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫ﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺭﺒﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺭﻴﺎﻀﻴﺔ – ﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻤﺭﻴﺽ‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫ﻋﻤﺎﺩﺓ ﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺼﻴﺩﻟﺔ – ﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﻁﺏ ﺍﻷﺴﻨﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﺭﻜﺯ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﺴﺱ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺌﻲ – ﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﻫﻨﺩﺴﺔ ﺍﻻﻟﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺎﺕ – ﻤﻠﻌﺏ ﺍﻟﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ – ﺃﻗﺴﺎﻡ ﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺭﺒﻴﺔ‬ ‫‪5‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺭﻴﺎﻀﻴﺔ‬ ‫‪6‬‬ ‫ﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻭﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩ‬ ‫‪7‬‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻗﺴﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺩﺍﺨﻠﻴﺔ – ﻤﺭﻜﺯ ﺍﻟﺘﺴﻭﻕ – ﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻭﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩ‬ ‫‪8‬‬ ‫ﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻵﺩﺍﺏ – ﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻵﺜﺎﺭ‬ ‫‪9‬‬ ‫ﻗﺴﻡ ﻫﻨﺩﺴﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺭﻤﺠﻴﺎﺕ – ﻤﺭﻜﺯ ﺍﻟﺘﺴﻭﻕ – ﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻭﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩ ‪ -‬ﺃﻗﺴﺎﻡ ﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺭﺒﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺭﻴﺎﻀﻴﺔ‬ ‫– ﻤﺴﺒﺢ ﺍﻟﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ‬ ‫‪١٤١‬‬ ‫ﻏﻴﺩﺍﺀ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻟﻌﺯﻴﺯ ﺍﻟﻁﺎﻟﺏ ﻭﻫﺒﺔ ﻤﻨﻴﺭ ﻴﺤﻴﻰ‬ ‫‪10‬‬ ‫ﻗﺴﻡ ﻋﻠﻭﻡ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﺴﻭﺏ – ﺃﻗﺴﺎﻡ ﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺭﺒﻴﺔ ) ﺤﺎﺴﻭﺏ – ﺭﻴﺎﻀﻴﺎﺕ – ﺠﻐﺭﺍﻓﻴﺔ – ﻗﺭﺍﻥ (‬ ‫‪11‬‬ ‫ﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻭﻡ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﺴﻭﺏ ﻭﺍﻟﺭﻴﺎﻀﻴﺎﺕ – ﻗﺴﻡ ﻋﻠﻭﻡ ﺍﻟﻔﻴﺯﻴﺎﺀ – ﻗﺴﻡ ﻋﻠﻭﻡ ﺍﻻﺭﺽ‬ ‫‪12‬‬ ‫ﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺭﺒﻴﺔ – ﺍﻟﻤﺭﻜﺯ ﺍﻟﻁﻼﺒﻲ‬ ‫‪13‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺭﻜﺯ ﺍﻟﻁﻼﺒﻲ – ﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻭﻡ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﺔ ﻭﺘﻘﺎﻨﻴﺎﺘﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺭﺌﺎﺴﺔ ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺼل – ﻤﺭﻜﺯ ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﻗﻠﻴﻤﻴﺔ – ﻤﺭﻜﺯ ﺘﻁﻭﻴﺭ ﻁﺭﺍﺌﻕ ﺍﻟﺘﺩﺭﻴﺱ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺩﺭﻴﺏ‬ ‫‪14‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﺎﻤﻌﻲ‬ ‫‪15‬‬ ‫ﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻭﻡ – ﻗﺴﻡ ﺍﻟﻬﻨﺩﺴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺩﻨﻴﺔ – ﻗﺴﻡ ﺍﻟﻬﻨﺩﺴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻤﺎﺭﻴﺔ‬ ‫‪16‬‬ ‫ﺃﻗﺴﺎﻡ ﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻭﻡ ) ﻜﻴﻤﻴﺎﺀ – ﺤﻴﺎﺓ ( ﻤﺭﻜﺯ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﺴﻭﺏ ﻭﺍﻻﻨﺘﺭﻨﻴﺕ – ﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻬﻨﺩﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﺭﻜﺯ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﻭﺙ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺌﻴﺔ – ﻗﺴﻡ ﻫﻨﺩﺴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺌﻴﺔ – ﻗﺴﻡ ﻫﻨﺩﺴﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﺴﺒﺎﺕ – ﻤﺭﻜﺯ‬ ‫‪17‬‬ ‫ﺒﺤﻭﺙ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻴﻁﺭﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺘﻠﻭﺙ‬ ‫‪18‬‬ ‫ﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺼﻴﺩﻟﺔ ‪ -‬ﻗﺴﻡ ﻫﻨﺩﺴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻴﻜﺎﻨﻴﻙ‬ ‫‪19‬‬ ‫ﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻁﺏ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻁﺭﻱ‬ ‫‪ - 5‬ﺘﺼﻤﻴﻡ ﻭﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫ ﺍﻟﺘﻁﺒﻴﻕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻭﺍﺠﻬﺔ ﺍﻟﺭﺌﻴﺴﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﻁﺒﻴﻕ ﻴﻭﻀﺤﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺸﻜل )‪ (6‬ﻓﻌﻨﺩ ﺍﻟﻀﻐﻁ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﻔﺘﺎﺡ " ﺩﺨﻭل " ﺃﺴﻔل ﻴﻤﻴﻥ ﺍﻟـﺸﺎﺸﺔ‬ ‫ﺴﺘﻅﻬﺭ ﻗﺎﺌﻤﺔ ﻜﻤﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺸﻜل )‪ (7‬ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺘﻀﻡ )‪ - 1‬ﺃﻨﺕ ﻗﺭﻴﺏ ﻤﻥ؟‪ –2 ،‬ﺩﻟﻴل ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺼل(‪ ،‬ﻓﻔﻲ ﺤﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﺨﺘﻴﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻟﺔ )‪ (1‬ﺴﻭﻑ ﺘﻅﻬﺭ ﺸﺎﺸﺔ ﻜﻤﺎ ﺍﻟﺸﻜل )‪ (8‬ﺘﻁﻠﺏ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺍﻓﻘﺔ ﺃﻭ ﻋﺩﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺍﻓﻘﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺘـﺸﻐﻴل ‪GPS receiver‬‬ ‫ﻻﻟﺘﻘﺎﻁ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ ﺍﻟﻬﺎﺘﻑ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻤﻭل ﻤﻥ ﺍﻷﻗﻤﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﻴﺔ ﻭﻓﻲ ﺤﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺍﻓﻘﺔ ﻓﺈﻨﻨﺎ ﻨﺤﺘﺎﺝ ﺇﻟـﻰ )‪(30‬‬ ‫ﺜﺎﻨﻴﺔ ﻻﻟﺘﻘﺎﻁ ﺍﻹﺸﺎﺭﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺘﻡ ﺘﺜﺒﻴﺘﻬﺎ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل ﺍﻟﺒﺭﻤﺠﺔ ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪(9‬‬ ‫)‪(7‬‬ ‫)‪(8‬‬ ‫)‪(6‬‬ ‫ﺸﻜل )‪ . (6, 7, 8, 9‬ﺍﻟﻭﺍﺠﻬﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻔﺭﻋﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﻁﺒﻴﻕ‬ ‫ﻭﻤﻥ ﺜﻡ ﻴﺘﻡ ﺘﺤﻠﻴل ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻤﺔ ﺩﺍﺨل ﺍﻟﺘﻁﺒﻴﻕ ﺤﻴﺙ ﻴﺒﺩﺃ ﺍﻟﺘﻁﺒﻴﻕ ﺒﺘﺤﻭﻴل ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻤـﺔ ﺍﻟﻤـﺴﺘﺭﺠﻌﺔ ﻤـﻥ ﻨﻅـﺎﻡ ‪D.D‬‬ ‫)‪ (Degrees, Decimal degrees‬ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﻨﻅﺎﻡ ‪ (Degree, Minutes, Seconds) DMS‬ﻓﻌﻠﻰ ﺴﺒﻴل ﺍﻟﻤﺜـﺎل ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻟﻭ ﻜﺎﻥ ﻟﺩﻴﻨﺎ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻡ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﺒﻨﻅﺎﻡ ‪(Latitude : N 21.422514) D.D‬‬ ‫‪١٤٢‬‬ ‫ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﻗﻴﻤﺔ ﺍﻟـ ‪ GPS‬ﻓﻲ ﺘﺤﺩﻴﺩ ﻤﻭﻗﻊ ﻤﺴﺘﺨﺩﻤﻲ ﺍﻟﻬﺎﺘﻑ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻤﻭل ﻀﻤﻥ ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺼل‬ ‫ﻓﺎﻥ ﻤﺎ ﻴﻘﺎﺒﻠﻪ ﺒﻨﻅﺎﻡ ‪ DMS‬ﻫﻭ ﺘﺠﺯﺌﺔ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﺭﻗﻡ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺜﻼﺜﺔ ﺃﻗﺴﺎﻡ )ﺩﺭﺠﺔ‪ ،‬ﺩﻗﻴﻘﺔ ﻭﺜﺎﻨﻴﺔ( ﻗﻴﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﻤﺴﺎﻭﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻌﺩﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻴﺢ ﺃﻱ ﻤﺎ ﺒﻌﺩ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﺭﺯﺓ‪ ،‬ﺃﻤﺎ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﺼﻭل ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺩﻗﺎﺌﻕ ﻓﺘﻜﻭﻥ ﻋﻥ ﻁﺭﻴﻕ ﺍﺨﺫ ﺍﻟﺠﺯﺀ ﺍﻟﻌـﺸﺭﻱ ﻭﻀـﺭﺒﻪ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﺭﻗﻡ )‪ (60‬ﻓﺎﻥ ﻗﻴﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺩﺩ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻴﺢ ﺘﻤﺜل ﻗﻴﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﺩﻗﺎﺌﻕ ﺃﻤﺎ ﺍﻟﻌﺩﺩ ﺍﻟﻌﺸﺭﻱ ﻤﺎ ﻗﺒل ﺍﻟﻔﺎﺭﺯﺓ ﻴﻀﺭﺏ ﻤﺭﺓ ﺜﺎﻨﻴﺔ ﺒﺎﻟﺭﻗﻡ‬ ‫)‪ (60‬ﻟﻠﺤﺼﻭل ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺜﻭﺍﻨﻲ ‪.‬‬ ‫‪Degree = 21‬‬ ‫‪Minutes = 0.422514 × 60‬‬ ‫‪= 25.35084‬‬ ‫‪Minutes = 25‬‬ ‫‪Seconds = 0.35084 * 60‬‬ ‫‪= 21.05‬‬ ‫ﺒﻌﺩﻫﺎ ﺘﺘﻡ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺙ ﻋﻥ ﻗﻴﻤﺔ ‪ GPS‬ﺍﻟﺠﺩﻴﺩﺓ ﻓﻲ ﻗﺎﻋﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺒﻌﺔ ﻟﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺼـل ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺭﺘﺒـﺔ ﺒـﺸﻜل‬ ‫ﻗﻁﺎﻋﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻓﻔﻲ ﺤﺎﻟﺔ ﻜﻭﻥ ﻨﺘﻴﺠﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺙ ﺼﺤﻴﺤﺔ ﺴﻴﺘﻡ ﻋﺭﺽ ﻗﻴﻡ )ﺨﻁ ﺍﻟﻁﻭل‪ ،‬ﺨﻁ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺽ‪ ،‬ﺍﻷﻤﺎﻜﻥ ﺍﻟﻘﺭﻴﺒﺔ ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺨﺹ( ﻜﻤﺎ ﻴﻭﻀﺤﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺸﻜل )‪ (9‬ﺃﻤﺎ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻜﺎﻨﺕ ﻨﺘﻴﺠﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ ﺨﺎﻁﺌﺔ ﻓﺴﺘﻅﻬﺭ ﺭﺴﺎﻟﺔ ﺨﻁﺄ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺃﻤﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺤﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﺨﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻟﺔ )‪ (2‬ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺸﻜل )‪ (7‬ﻭﻫﻲ )ﺩﻟﻴل ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺼل( ﻓﻨﻼﺤﻅ ﻅﻬﻭﺭ ﺍﻟﻭﺍﺠﻬﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟـﺸﻜل‬ ‫)‪ (10‬ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻀﻤﻨﺔ ﻋﺩﺓ ﺍﺨﺘﻴﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﻭﻫﻲ )ﺭﺌﺎﺴﺔ ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺼل‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻤﻜﺘﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﻜﺯﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺍﻜـﺯ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻴـﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻴـﺎﺕ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺍﻜﺯ ﺍﻟﺨﺩﻤﻴﺔ(‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﻨﺩ ﺍﺨﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﻜل ﻤﻥ ﺭﺌﺎﺴﺔ ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺼل ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﻤﻜﺘﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﻜﺯﻴـﺔ ﻭﺍﻟـﻀﻐﻁ ﻋﻠـﻰ ﻤﻔﺘـﺎﺡ‬ ‫"ﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ" ﺴﻭﻑ ﺘﻅﻬﺭ ﻟﺩﻴﻨﺎ ﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﺒﺴﻴﻁﺔ ﻭﻫﻲ )ﺍﻻﺴﻡ‪ ،‬ﺼﻭﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﻨﺒﺫﺓ ﻤﺨﺘﺼﺭﺓ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﻜﺘﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﻜﺯﻴﺔ( ﻜﻤـﺎ‬ ‫ﻤﻭﻀﺢ ﺒﺎﻟﺸﻜل )‪.(11‬‬ ‫)‪(13‬‬ ‫)‪(11‬‬ ‫)‪(12‬‬ ‫)‪(10‬‬ ‫ﺸﻜل )‪ . (13, 12, 11, 10‬ﺍﻟﻭﺍﺠﻬﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻔﺭﻋﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﻁﺒﻴﻕ‬ ‫ﺃﻤﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺤﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﺨﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﺇﺤﺩﻯ ﺍﻟﺨﻴﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺒﻘﻴﺔ ﻓﺴﻭﻑ ﺘﻅﻬﺭ ﺸﺎﺸﺔ ﺃﺨﺭﻯ ﺘﺘﻀﻤﻥ )ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺍﻜﺯ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﺒﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺒﻌـﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺼل( ﺃﻭ)ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺒﻌﺔ ﻟﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺼل( ﺃﻭ )ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺍﻜﺯ ﺍﻟﺨﺩﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻀﻤﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﻜﺯ ﺍﻟﻁﻼﺒﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺘـﺩﻯ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻲ ﺍﻷﺩﺒﻲ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﻜﺯ ﺍﻟﺘﺴﻭﻕ‪ ،‬ﻤﻠﻌﺏ ﺍﻟﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ‪ ،‬ﻤﺴﺒﺢ ﺍﻟﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻷﻗﺴﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺩﺍﺨﻠﻴﺔ(‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﻨﺩ ﺍﺨﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﺃﻱ ﻗﻴﻤـﺔ ﻤـﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﻭﺍﺌﻡ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺒﻘﺔ ﻓﺴﻭﻑ ﺘﻅﻬﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ )ﺍﻻﺴﻡ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺼﻭﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﻨﺒﺫﺓ ﻤﺨﺘﺼﺭﺓ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﻜﺯ ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺘـﺎﺭ( ﻋﻠـﻰ‬ ‫ﺸﺎﺸﺔ ﻫﺎﺘﻔﻙ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻤﻭل ﻭﻜﻤﺎ ﻤﺒﻴﻥ ﺒﺎﻷﺸﻜﺎل )‪.(12, 13, 14, 15, 16‬‬ ‫‪١٤٣‬‬ ‫ﻏﻴﺩﺍﺀ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻟﻌﺯﻴﺯ ﺍﻟﻁﺎﻟﺏ ﻭﻫﺒﺔ ﻤﻨﻴﺭ ﻴﺤﻴﻰ‬ ‫)‪(16‬‬ ‫)‪(15‬‬ ‫)‪(14‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜل )‪ . (16, 15, 14‬ﺍﻟﻭﺍﺠﻬﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻔﺭﻋﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﻁﺒﻴﻕ‬ ‫‪ - 6‬ﺍﻻﺴﺘﻨﺘﺎﺠﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻭﺼﻴﺎﺕ‬ ‫‪ 1-6‬ﺍﻻﺴﺘﻨﺘﺎﺠﺎﺕ‬ ‫‪ - 1‬ﺘﻡ ﺍﺴﺘﺭﺠﺎﻉ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺼﺔ ﺒﻤﺭﺍﻓﻕ ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺼل ﻤﻥ ﻗﺒل ﺒﻤﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ ﺍﻟﻬﺎﺘﻑ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻤﻭل ﺒﻨﺠﺎﺡ ﺒﺎﻻﻋﺘﻤﺎﺩ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﻴﻤﺘﻲ ﺨﻁﻲ ﺍﻟﻁﻭل ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺭﺽ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﺤﺼﻠﺘﻴﻥ ﻤﻥ ﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺘﺤﺩﻴﺩ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺍﻗﻊ ‪. GPS‬‬ ‫‪ - 2‬ﺘﻤﺘﺎﺯ ﺍﻟﺒﺭﺍﻤﺞ ﺍﻟﻤﻜﺘﻭﺒﺔ ﺒﻠﻐﺔ ‪ J2ME‬ﺒﺈﻤﻜﺎﻨﻴﺔ ﺘﺸﻐﻴﻠﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﺠﻬﺯﺓ ﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﻤﺜل ﻨﻭﻜﻴﺎ‪ ،‬ﺴﻭﻨﻲ ﺍﺭﻜﺴﻭﻥ ﻭﺒﻼﻙ‬ ‫ﺒﻴﺭﻱ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺘﺩﻋﻡ ﺘﻁﺒﻴﻘﺎﺕ ‪ J2ME‬ﻻﺤﺘﻭﺍﺌﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺁﻟﺔ ﺠﺎﻓﺎ ﺍﻻﻓﺘﺭﺍﻀﻴﺔ ‪. JVM‬‬ ‫‪ - 3‬ﻻ ﻴﺤﺘﺎﺝ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ ﺇﻟﻰ ﻤﻌﺭﻓﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺎﺼﻴل ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺼﺔ ﺒﺒﺭﻤﺠﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻁﺒﻴﻕ ﺃﻭ ﺘﻔﺎﺼﻴل ﺒﻨﺎﺀ ﻤﻠﻔﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺜﺒﻴـﺕ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺼـﺔ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﺘﻁﺒﻴﻕ ﺃﺜﻨﺎﺀ ﺘﺜﺒﻴﺘﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺠﻬﺎﺯ ﺍﻟﻬﺎﺘﻑ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻤﻭل ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ - 4‬ﻗﺴﻤﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺎﺤﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﻟﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺼل ﺇﻟﻰ ‪ 19‬ﻗﻁﺎﻋﺎﹰ ﻟﻐﺭﺽ ﺍﻹﺤﺎﻁﺔ ﺒﻜﺎﻓـﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺍﻗـﻊ ﻀـﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺠﺎﻤﻌـﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻨﺘﺸﺭﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﺴﺎﺤﺔ ﺸﺎﺴﻌﺔ ﻭﺘﻡ ﺤﺼﺭ ﺘﺠﻤﻌﺎﺕ ﺍﻷﺒﻨﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻗﻁﺎﻋﺎﺕ ﻟﻀﻤﺎﻥ ﺩﻗﺔ ﺘﺤﺩﻴﺩ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﻗﻊ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻟﻲ ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ 2-6‬ﺍﻟﺘﻭﺼﻴﺎﺕ‬ ‫‪ - 1‬ﺒﺎﻹﻤﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﻻﻋﺘﻤﺎﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﺘﻁﺒﻴﻕ ﻤﻥ ﻗﺒل ﺍﻟﻁﻠﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﺠﺩﺩ ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺒﻭﻟﻴﻥ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺼل ﻤﺭﺸـﺩﺍﹰ‬ ‫ﻭﺩﻟﻴﻼﹰ ﻟﻬﻡ ﺃﺜﻨﺎﺀ ﺘﻨﻘﻼﺘﻬﻡ ﺩﺍﺨل ﺍﻟﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ - 2‬ﺇﻥ ﺃﺠﻬﺯﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺒﺎﻴل ﻓﻲ ﺘﻁﻭﺭ ﻤﺴﺘﻤﺭ ﻟﺫﻟﻙ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ ﻤﻭﺍﻜﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻁﻭﺭ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﺤﺙ ﺩﻭﻤـﺎﹰ ﻋـﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﺭﻤﺠﻴـﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﺩﻴﺩﺓ ﻟﺫﻟﻙ ﻨﺤﺙ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺤﺜﻴﻥ ﻭﺍﻟﻁﻠﺒﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺒﺭﻤﺠﺔ ﺘﻁﺒﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﺃﻭﺴﻊ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻨﻁﺎﻕ ﺍﻟﻬﺎﺘﻑ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻤﻭل ﻜﺎﻗﺘﻔـﺎﺀ ﺍﺜـﺭ‬ ‫ﻟﺸﺨﺹ ﺃﺜﻨﺎﺀ ﺘﻨﻘﻠﻪ ﻀﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺒﺎﻻﻋﺘﻤﺎﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﻴﻤﺔ ﺍﻟـ ‪ GPS‬ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺼﺔ ﺒﻪ ﺃﻭ ﻋﻤل ﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﻤﺭﺍﻗﺒﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺭﻜﺒﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺤﺎﻓﻼﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻨﻘﻠﺔ ﺩﺍﺨل ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺼل ﺒﻭﺴﺎﻁﺔ ‪ GPS receiver‬ﺨﺎﺭﺠﻲ ﻴﺭﺒﻁ ﻋﻠـﻰ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﻜﺒـﺔ ﺒﺈﻤﻜﺎﻨـﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﺴﺘﻼﻡ ﺍﻹﺸﺎﺭﺓ ﻭﺇﺭﺴﺎل ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻤﺔ ﺇﻟﻰ ﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﻤﺭﺍﻗﺒﺔ ﻭﺴﻴﻁﺭﺓ ‪.‬‬ ‫‪١٤٤‬‬ ‫ ﻓﻲ ﺘﺤﺩﻴﺩ ﻤﻭﻗﻊ ﻤﺴﺘﺨﺩﻤﻲ ﺍﻟﻬﺎﺘﻑ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻤﻭل ﻀﻤﻥ ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺼل‬GPS ‫ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﻗﻴﻤﺔ ﺍﻟـ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺼﺎﺩﺭ‬ ،‫ ﻤﻜـﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻜﺭﻤـﺔ‬،"‫ "ﻤﺩﺨل ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻤﻲ ﻟﺘﺤﺩﻴﺩ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﻟﺠﻲ ﺒﻲ ﺇﺱ‬،2010 ،‫ ﺠﻤﻌﺔ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ‬،‫ﺩﺍﻭﺩ‬ [1] . ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻤﻠﻜﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻌﻭﺩﻴﺔ‬ ‫ ﺸـﻌﺎﻉ ﻟﻠﻨـﺸﺭ‬،‫ ﺍﻟﻁﺒﻌـﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﻟـﻰ‬،"‫ "ﻤﺒﺎﺩﺉ ﺘﺼﻤﻴﻡ ﺘﻁﺒﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻬﻭﺍﺘﻑ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻤﻭﻟﺔ‬،2005 ،‫ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ‬،‫ﻤﻌﻤﻭ‬ [2] . ‫ ﺴﻭﺭﻴﺎ‬،‫ ﺤﻠﺏ‬،‫ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻠﻭﻡ‬ [3] Al-Suwidi, G.B.; Zemerly, M.J., 2009, “Location friends and family using mobile phones with global positioning system (GPS)“, Proceeding of AICCSA 2009 IEEE/ACS International Conference, IEEE 2009 June 555, Rabat. [4] El-Rabbany A., 2002, "Introduction to GPS", Artech House, USA. [5] Muchow J., 2002, "CORE J2me Technology & MIDP", Sun Microsystems, Inc., USA. [6] TYsui J., 2000, "Fundamental of Global Positioning System Receivers", John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York. [7] Zhuowei Hu, 2010, “Self-service folk tourism guiding technology on mobile terminal with multimode: Application of GPS and electronic map”, 2010 IEEE International, IEEE 2010 4553 December, Honolulu. [8] Zogg J., 2007, "GPS Basics", u-bloxag, Switzerland. ١٤٥ ‫ﻏﻴﺩﺍﺀ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻟﻌﺯﻴﺯ ﺍﻟﻁﺎﻟﺏ ﻭﻫﺒﺔ ﻤﻨﻴﺭ ﻴﺤﻴﻰ‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫اﻟﺒﺪاﯾﺔ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺋﻤﺔ اﺧﺘﯿﺎرات‬ ‫‪ -1‬أﻧﺖ ﻗﺮﯾﺐ ﻣﻦ ؟‬ ‫‪ -2‬دﻟﯿﻞ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ اﻟﻤﻮﺻﻞ‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫اﻷﻗﻤﺎر اﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﯿﺔ‬ ‫‪Yes 3‬‬ ‫‪#‬‬ ‫‪No‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪#2‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪Yes‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫ﻗﺮاءة ﻗﯿﻤﺔ ‪ GPS‬اﻟﺤﺎﻟﯿﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﮭﺎﺗﻒ اﻟﻤﺤﻤﻮل ﻋﻦ ﻃﺮﯾﻖ‬ ‫اﻷﻗﻤﺎر اﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﯿﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﺤﻮﯾﻞ اﻟﻘﯿﻤﺔ ﻣﻦ ‪ D.D‬إﻟﻰ‬ ‫‪DMS‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺋﻤﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻤﺮاﻛﺰ‬ ‫داﺧﻞ اﻟﺠﺎﻣﻌﺔ‬ ‫‪-1‬رﺋﺎﺳﺔ اﻟﺠﺎﻣﻌﺔ‬ ‫‪ -2‬اﻟﻤﻜﺘﺒﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺮﻛﺰﯾﺔ‬ ‫‪ -3‬اﻟﻤﺮاﻛﺰ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻠﻤﯿﺔ‬ ‫‪ -4‬اﻟﻜﻠﯿﺎت‬ ‫‪7 Not Equal‬‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺎرﻧﺔ ﻗﯿﻤﺔ‬ ‫‪ GPS‬ﻣﻊ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻋﺪة‬ ‫اﺧﺘﯿﺎر ﻣﻮﻗﻊ ﻣﻦ ‪5-1‬‬ ‫‪Equal 8‬‬ ‫ﻃﺒﺎﻋﺔ‬ ‫"ﻟﻢ ﯾﺘﻢ ﺗﺤﺪﯾﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﻗﻌﻚ‬ ‫اﻟﺤﺎﻟﻲ"‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺋﻤﺔ ﺗﺎﺑﻌﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﻮﻗﻊ‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫ﻋﺮض ﻗﯿﻤﺘﻲ ﺧﻂ اﻟﻄﻮل‪،‬‬ ‫ﺧﻂ اﻟﻌﺮض‪ ،‬وﻗﺎﺋﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻷﻣﺎﻛﻦ اﻟﻘﺮﯾﺒﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻮﻗﻊ‬ ‫ﺣﺎﻣﻞ اﻟﮭﺎﺗﻒ اﻟﻤﺤﻤﻮل‬ ‫ﻋﺮض ﻧﺒﺬة ﻣﺨﺘﺼﺮة ﻋﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻮﻗﻊ اﻟﻤﺨﺘﺎر‬ ‫)اﻻﺳﻢ‪ ،‬اﻟﺼﻮرة‪ ،‬ﻧﺒﺬة‬ ‫ﻣﺨﺘﺼﺮة(‬ ‫‪9‬‬ ‫‪12‬‬ ‫‪14‬‬ ‫اﻟﻨﮭﺎﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ )‪ .(5‬اﻟﻤﺨﻄﻂ اﻻﻧﺴﯿﺎﺑﻲ ﻟﻠﺨﻮارزﻣﯿﺔ اﻟﻤﻘﺘﺮﺣﺔ‬ ‫‪١٤٦‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻋﺪة ﺑﯿﺎﻧﺎت‬ ‫ﺗﻀﻢ ﻗﯿﻢ‬ ‫‪GPS‬‬ ‫اﻟﺨﺎﺻﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﺠﺎﻣﻌﺔ‬