Храм Творения в Откровении Авраама

Ó ÏÐÅÑÒÎËÀ ÑËÀÂÛ Àíäðåé Îðëîâ ÕÐÀÌ ÒÂÎÐÅÍÈß Â ÎÒÊÐÎÂÅÍÈÈ ÀÂÐÀÀÌÀ …ȼɧɢɡɭ ɧɚ ɥɟɜɨɣ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɟ ɜɨ ɜɫɟɯ ɷɬɢɯ ɪɟɤɚɯ ɩɥɚɜɚɟɬ ɱɭɞɨɜɢɳɟ. Ɉɧɨ ɩɪɢɩɥɵɜɚɟɬ ɜ ɫɜɨɟɣ ɤɪɟɩɤɨɣ ɱɟɲɭɟ, ɩɪɨɱɧɨɣ ɤɚɤ ɠɟɥɟɡɨ, ɢ ɩɪɢɯɨɞɢɬ ɨɧɨ ɬɭɞɚ, ɱɬɨɛɵ ɨɬɜɟɫɬɢ ɜɨɞɭ ɢ ɨɫɤɜɟɪɧɢɬɶ ɦɟɫɬɨ. ȼɫɹɤɢɣ ɫɜɟɬ ɦɟɪɤɧɟɬ ɩɟɪɟɞ ɧɢɦ; ɟɝɨ ɪɨɬ ɢ ɟɝɨ ɹɡɵɤ ɩɵɥɚɸɬ ɨɝɧɟɦ; ɟɝɨ ɹɡɵɤ ɨɫɬɟɪ ɩɨɞɨɛɧɨ ɦɨɳɧɨɦɭ ɦɟɱɭ, ɩɨɤɚ ɨɧ ɧɟ ɞɨɛɟɪɟɬɫɹ ɞɨ ɜɯɨɞɚ ɜ ɫɜɹɬɢɥɢɳɟ ɜ ɦɨɪɫɤɢɯ ɝɥɭɛɢɧɚɯ, ɢ ɬɨɝɞɚ ɨɧ ɨɫɤɜɟɪɧɹɟɬ ɫɜɹɬɢɥɢɳɟ, ɢ ɫɜɟɬ ɦɟɪɤɧɟɬ, ɢ ɜɵɫɲɢɣ ɫɜɟɬ ɢɫɱɟɡɚɟɬ ɢɡ ɦɨɪɹ. I.52a ɉɨɞɨɛɧɨ ɬɨɦɭ ɤɚɤ ɨɪɟɯ ɫɩɪɹɬɚɧ ɜ ɫɤɨɪɥɭɩɟ, ɡɚɳɢɳɚɸɳɟɣ ɟɝɨ ɹɞɪɨ, ɬɚɤɠɟ ɨɛɫɬɨɢɬ ɞɟɥɨ ɢ ɫɨ ɜɫɟɦ ɫɜɹɳɟɧɧɵɦ: ɫɜɹɳɟɧɧɨɟ ɧɚɯɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɜɧɭɬɪɢ, ɬɨɝɞɚ ɤɚɤ Ⱦɪɭɝɚɹ ɋɬɨɪɨɧɚ ɨɤɪɭɠɚɟɬ ɟɝɨ ɢɡɜɧɟ. II.233b ȼɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ 18- Ɉɬɤɪɨɜɟɧɢɹ Ⱥɜɪɚɚɦɚ . 19—30) ( , - — , , , 19- 21- , . - , , , . , . , , . , , , , - 146 . , , - . , , . - Ɉɬɤ. Ⱥɜɪ. 19—21 , . ȼɨɞɵ ɫɜɹɳɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɞɜɨɪɚ1 19- , , , , . , , » ,« , , 2 . , « , ». , . , , 1 .: Barker M. Creation: A Biblical Vision for the Environment. London: T&T Clark, 2010. P. 42—49; Beale G. K. The Temple and the Church’s Mission: A Biblical Theology of the Dwelling Place of God // New Studies in Biblical Theology. 17. Downers Grove, Illinois: Apollos, 2004; Cassuto U. A Commentary on the Book of Genesis. Jerusalem: Magnes, 1989. P. 122—123; Janowski B. Die heilige Wohnung des Höchsten. Kosmologische Implikationen der Jerusalemer Tempeltheologie // Keel O., Zenger E. (eds). Gottesstadt und Gottesgarten. Zu Geschichte und Theologie des Jerusalemer Tempels. (Quaestiones disputatae, 191.) Freiburg: Herder, 2002. P. 24—68; Janowski B. Der Tempel als Kosmos — Zur kosmologischen Bedeutung des Tempels in der Umwelt Israels // Meyer S. (ed.). Egypt — Temple of the Whole World — Ägypten — Tempel der Gesamten Welt. Studies in Honour of Jan Assmann. Leiden: Brill, 2003. P. 163—186; Metzger M. Keruben und Palmetten als Dekoration im Jerusalemer Heiligtum und Jahwe, ‘der Nahrung gibt allem Fleisch’ // Hahn F. (ed.). Zion — Ort der Begegnung. FS L. Klein. (Bonner Biblische Beiträge, 90.) Bodenheim, 1993. P. 503—529; Schroer S. In Israel gab es Bilder. Nachrichten von darstellender Kunst im Alten Testament. (Orbis biblicus et orientalis, 74.) Freiburg: Universitatsverlag; Gottingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, 1987. P. 47—122; Strange J. The Idea of Afterlife in Ancient Israel: Some Remarks on the Iconography in Solomon’s Temple // Palestine Exploration Quarterly. 1985. 117. P. 35—40; van Seters J. Solomon’s Temple: Fact and Ideology in Biblical and Near Eastern Historiography // Catholic Biblical Quarterly. 1997. 59. P. 45—57; Weippert H. Die Kesselwagen Salomos // Zeitschrift des deutschen Palästina-Vereins. 1992. 108. P. 8—41; Zwickel W. Der salomonische Tempel. (Kulturgeschichte der antiken Welt, 83.) Mainz: Von Zabern, 1999. 2 Ɉɬɤ. Ⱥɜɪ. 19:1—4: « , :“ , !” :“ !” :“ , , , , , , ”. , » (Ʉɭɥɢɤ Ⱥ. // . 2002. 5. . 246). ɈɌɄɊɈȼȿɇɂɂ ȺȼɊȺȺɆȺ 147 : , ». « - , »3, « - , : :« . ». . ɛɵɥɚ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɚ , , ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜ , , , — , , , , , ; , , , - , , , , - , - . . , , 4 , , , , , . , ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɚ , , , , . . , , , « », , , , . , , . , , , . ( ) , , 5 : 3 - Ɉɬɤ. Ⱥɜɪ 21:1—2: « 6 . , , , :“ . — , , , , , , » (Ʉɭɥɢɤ Ⱥ. . . 246). 4 Ʉɭɥɢɤ Ⱥ. . . 246—247. 5 Janowski B. Der Tempel als Kosmos — Zur kosmologischen Bedeutung des Tempels in der Umwelt Israels. P. 165—175. 6 Ibid. P. 175—184. ”. 148 7 , 8 - . , , , 9 . . Ʉɧɢɝɭ ɘɛɢɥɟɟɜ 8:19: « , — ». VanderKam J. The Book of Jubilees: Translation. 2 vols. (CSCO, 510–511; Scriptores Aethiopici, 87—88.) Leuven: Peeters, 1989. 2.53. , Ʉɧɢɝɟ ɘɛɢɥɟɟɜ « , , , , , “ ”» (van Ruiten J. Eden and the Temple: The Rewriting of Genesis 2:4—3:24 in the Book of Jubilees // Luttikhuizen G. P. (ed.). Paradise Interpreted: Representations of Biblical Paradise in Judaism and Christianity. (Themes in Biblical Narrative, 2.) Leiden: Brill, 1999. P. 76). 8 . , Ʉɧɢɝɟ ɘɛɢɥɟɟɜ , . , :« , , ». , — , . Ʉɧɢɝɢ ɘɛɢɥɟɟɜ (van Ruiten. Eden and the Temple… P. 77—78). , C , . : Davila J. R. The Hodayot Hymnist and the Four Who Entered Paradise // Revue de Qumrân. 1996. 17 (65—68). P. 457—478; García Martínez F. Man and Woman: Halakhah Based upon Eden in the Dead Sea Scrolls // Luttikhuizen G. (ed.). Paradise Interpreted: Representations of Biblical Paradise in Judaism and Christianity. (Themes in Biblical Narrative, 2.) Leiden: Brill, 1999. P. 95—115, at 112—113; Noort E. Gan-Eden in the Context of the Mythology of the Hebrew Bible // Luttikhuizen G. (ed.). Paradise Interpreted: Representations of Biblical Paradise in Judaism and Christianity. (Themes in Biblical Narrative, 2.) Leiden: Brill, 1999. P. 25; Parry D. W. Garden of Eden: Prototype Sanctuary // Parry D.W. (ed.). Temples of the Ancient World: Ritual and Symbolism. Provo: Deseret, 1994) 126—151; van Ruiten J. Visions of the Temple in the Book of Jubilees // Ego B. et al. (eds). Gemeinde ohne Tempel / Community without Temple: Zur Substituierung und Transformation des Jerusalemer Tempels und seines Kults im Alten Testament, antiken Judentum und frühen Christentum. (Wissenschaftliche Untersuchungen zum Neuen Testament, 118.) Tübingen: Mohr/Siebeck, 1999. S. 215—228; Wenham G. J. Sanctuary Symbolism in the Garden of Eden Story // Proceedings of the Ninth World Congress of Jewish Studies, Division A: The Period of the Bible. Jerusalem: World Union of Jewish Studies, 1986. P. 19—25, at 21—22; Wise M. 4Q Florilegium and the Temple of Adam // RevQ. 1991. 15. 57—58. P. 103—132. 9 « 32, , , “ ”» (Beale G. K. The Temple and the Church’s Mission. P. 80). , , . .: Beale G. K. The Temple and the Church’s Mission. P. 72; Stager L. E. Jerusalem and the Garden of Eden. Festschrift for F. M. Cross. (Eretz Israel, 26.) Jerusalem: Israel Exploration Society, 1999. P. 183—193; Stager L. E. Jerusalem as Eden // BAR. 2000. 26. P. 36—44. 7 ɈɌɄɊɈȼȿɇɂɂ ȺȼɊȺȺɆȺ 149 - , . , - Ɉɬɤɪɨɜɟɧɢɢ Ⱥɜɪɚɚɦɚ, . , , , , , … , ; , . , , « , , , , » . , 10 , Ȼɚɜɥɢ ɋɭɤɤɚ 51b 11 . - , . 13.19 Ȼɟɦɢɞɛɚɪ Ɋɚɛɛɚ , , - 12 , . , , , , »13. … « « ‘ , , ’ , »14. 10 11 Ʉɭɥɢɤ Ⱥ. «… , « » . C. 246—247. : , . . , , » (Midrash Rabbah / Ed. by H. Freedman, M. Simon. 10 vols. London: Soncino, 1961. 6.546). Ɇɢɞɪɚɲɟ Ɍɚɞɲɟ .: MacRae G. Some Elements of Jewish Apocalyptic and Mystical Tradition and Their Relation to Gnostic Literature. 2 vols. Ph.D. diss. University of Cambridge, 1966. P. 55. 12 «... , . ? , . , , . , . , , , , » (Epstein I. The Babylonian Talmud. Sukkah. London: Soncino, 1935–1952. P. 51b). 13 3 . 7:23—25 :« ,— ,— , , . , ; . ; , , ; , ». . :4 . 16:17; 4 . 25:13; 1 . 18:8; 2 . 4:2; . 52:17. 14 , « , , , , » (Bloch-Smith E. «Who is the 150 « « , », « », 15 » - . , , . , , 47:1)… , - , , « ( . - , , , »16. 47:1—8 : , ; , - - , , - . , , , , ; . , , , , ; ; . . , , , , . ?» , . ; :« , , . , . : , ; . - Ɉɬɤɪɨɜɟɧɢɹ Ⱥɜɪɚɚɦɚ, . , , « - , « ». »17. 2:1018, - King of Glory?» Solomon’s Temple and Its Symbolism // Coogan M. et al. (eds). Scripture and Other Artifacts. Essays on the Bible and Archeology in Honor of Philip J. King. M.; Louisville: Westminster, 1994. P. 19—31 at 21. 15 Bloch-Smith. «Who is the King of Glory?» Solomon’s Temple and Its Symbolism. . 20. . : Meyers C. L. Sea, Molten // Freedman D. N. (ed.). Anchor Bible Dictionary. New York: Doubleday, 1992. P. 5.1061—1062. 16 Hurowitz V. Inside Solomon’s Temple // Bible Review. 1994. 10 (2). P. 24—36. 17 Ɉɬɤ. Ⱥɜɪ. 21:5: « , »; . 47:1: « ». 18 , « . 2:10—14 “ ” , … ɈɌɄɊɈȼȿɇɂɂ ȺȼɊȺȺɆȺ 19 , , , 151 . , - , . 20 , « », 35: 9—1021. , 22 ɧɟɬ 2 24. , Ⱥɩɨɤɪɢɮ ɨɛ ɂɨɫɢɮɟ ɢ Ⱥɫɟ- ɉɨɫɥɚɧɢɟ Ⱥɪɢɫɬɟɹ 89—9123 , . ɂɨɚɧɧɚ 22:1—2 , , , , , Ɉɬɤɪɨɜɟɧɢɢ 25 . . 47:12 , : . 45:5 “ , ”, . 47 , » (Wenham G. J. Sanctuary Symbolism in the Garden of Eden Story. P. 22). 19 « ; ». . : 2 ȿɧɨɯ 8; 1QH 14 16. 20 Beale G. K. The Temple and the Church’s Mission. P. 72. 21 « , . ; ». 22 Beale G. K. The Temple and the Church’s Mission. . 74. 23 « , [ ] , . [ ] [. . ], . , , [ ] . [ ] , , . [ ], , , [ ], . , 4 , , [ ], . , , » (ɂɜɚɧɢɰɤɢɣ ȼ. Ɏ. . : , 1916. . 67—68; Shutt R. J. H. Letter of Aristeas // Charlesworth J. H. (ed.). The Old Testament Pseudepigrapha. 2 vols. New York: Doubleday, 1983—1985. P. 2.7—34 at 18—19). 24 , , Ⱥɩɨɤɪɢɮɟ ɨɛ ɂɨɫɢɮɟ ɢ Ⱥɫɟɧɟɬ 2:17—20: « , , , …» , « , , , ( . 40—8)» (Bohak G. Joseph and Aseneth and the Jewish Temple in Heliopolis. Atlanta: Scholars, 1996. P. 68). 25 « , , , ». 152 ; , - , ; , ; , . , , , : , , , , 26 . . Ɉɬɤɪɨɜɟɧɢɹ Ⱥɜ- ɪɚɚɦɚ. , 27 , Ɉɬɤɪɨɜɟɧɢɢ Ⱥɜɪɚɚɦɚ , . , , - , - . , . « », , - . , , 28 . 26 , . .: Beale G. K. The Temple and the Church’s Mission. P. 60—62; Walton J. H. Genesis. NIV Application Commentary. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 2001. P. 149—155; Weinfeld M. Sabbath, Temple and the Enthronement of the Lord — The Problem of the Sitz im Leben of Genesis 1:1—2:3 // Caquot A., Delcor M. (eds). Mélanges bibliques et orientaux en l’honneur de M. Henrie Cazelles. Kevelaer: Butzon & Bercker, 1981. P. 501—512 at 501—502. 27 , , , , , Ɂɨɝɚɪɚ II.34a—b, :« , Ȼɨɝ ɫɨɬɜɨɪɢɥ ɦɨɪɫɤɢɯ ɡɦɟɟɜ — : . Ɍɚɧɧɢɧɢɦ, Ɇɨɪɫɤɢɟ ɡɦɟɢ — , , , , , . ȼɟɥɢɤɢɣ ɦɨɪɫɤɨɣ ɡɦɟɣ ( . 29:3) — , , , , . [ ] , , ; , [ ] . , , , , , . , ». The Zohar: Pritzker Edition (transl. by D. Matt). 12 vols. Palo Alto, CA: Stanford University Press, 2003—. 4.150—151. 28 . : Beale G. K. The Temple and the Church’s Mission. . 78. . ɈɌɄɊɈȼȿɇɂɂ ȺȼɊȺȺɆȺ 153 Ɉɬɤɪɨɜɟɧɢ- ɟɦ Ⱥɜɪɚɚɦɚ , , , . , Ɉɬɤɪɨɜɟɧɢɢ Ⱥɜɪɚɚɦɚ, , , - , , 29 . ɉɚɥɚɬɵ ɯɪɚɦɚ-ɦɢɪɚ , , . - , . , , , , « , . — … , - »30. . ɂɭɞɟɣɫɤɢɯ ɞɪɟɜɧɨɫɬɹɯ 3.121—123 , 31 , , : , , , . , . : ɧɟɛɨ, , , , , 32 . Ɉɬɤɪɨɜɟɧɢɢ Ⱥɜɪɚɚɦɚ .: Rubinkiewicz R. Apocalypse of Abraham // Charlesworth J. H. (ed.) The Old Testament Pseudepigrapha. 2 vols. New York: Doubleday, 1983—1985. P. 685. 30 Patai R. Man and Temple in Ancient Jewish Myth and Ritual. New York: KTAV, 1967. P. 108—109. 31 .: Stadelman L. J. The Hebrew Conception of the World — A Philological and Literary Study. Rome: Biblical Institute, 1970. P. 9. 32 Ƚɟɧɤɟɥɶ Ƚ. Ƚ. ɢ ɞɪ. , . . . .: , 2011. . 101. 29 154 ɂɭɞɟɣɫɤɢɯ ɞɪɟɜɧɨɫɬɹɯ 3.180—181 : - , , , - , - . , , , , : ; , , , . , , , 33 . , 1.6634 Ɉɛ ɨɫɨɛɵɯ ɡɚɤɨɧɚɯ , , . , , . . 1—2 . 39—40. 33 34 . . 107. Ɉɛ ɨɫɨɛɵɯ ɡɚɤɨɧɚɯ 1.66 , - , :« ,— , , …» (Philo. 10 vols. / Transl. F. H. Colson, G. H. Whitaker. (Loeb Classical Library.) Cambridge, M : Harvard University Press, 1929—1964. 7.137). Ɂɨɝɚɪɟ II.149a :« . : “ , ”» (Sperling H, Simon M. (transl.) The Zohar. 5 vols. London; New York: Soncino, 1933. 4.22). . Ɂɨɝɚɪ II.231a: « , , ɒɟɯɢɧɵ , , . , . , , » (Sperling H, Simon M. (transl.). The Zohar. 4.289); Ɂɨɝɚɪ II.235b: « , , , , . , :“ ”( . 26:6). , , . , , : “ ” ( . 40:17), , , , , » (Sperling H, Simon M. (transl.). The Zohar. 4.303). , . 1:1—2:3 ɈɌɄɊɈȼȿɇɂɂ ȺȼɊȺȺɆȺ 155 , . - . 39:1—40:33 , , , . , 35 . , , , - , Ɉɬɤɪɨɜɟɧɢɸ Ⱥɜɪɚɚɦɚ, . . , , , ( , , 19—21, , , ), . - , , , . , , , - . , , , - , , , . , , , , , , , ɉɚɪɝɨɞɭ, , - - . . 35 Weinfeld M. Sabbath, Temple and the Enthronement of the Lord—The Problem of the Sitz im Leben of Genesis 1:1—2:3. P. 503. . : Balentine S. E. The Torah’s Vision of Worship. Minneapolis: Fortress Press, 1999. P. 67—68; Beale G. K. The Temple and the Church’s Mission. P. 60—61; Buber M. Die Schrift und ihre Verdeutschung. Berlin: Schocken, 1936. 39 ff; Fishbane M. Text and Texture. New York: Schocken, 1979. P. 12; Kearney P. J. Creation and Liturgy: The P Redaction of Ex 25—40 // Zeitschrift für die alttestamentliche Wissenschaft. 1977. 89 (3). S. 375—378 at 375; Levenson J. D. Sinai and Zion: An Entry into the Jewish Bible. Minneapolis: Winston Press, 1985. P. 143; Idem. Creation and the Persistence of Evil: The Jewish Drama of Divine Omnipotence. San Francisco: Harper & Row, 1988. P. 85—86; Walton J. H. Genesis. P. 149; Wenham G. J. Sanctuary Symbolism in the Garden of Eden Story. P. 19—25. 156 Ɂɚɜɟɫɚ ɦɢɪɨɜɨɝɨ ɯɪɚɦɚ , , , , , , , , . ɉɚɪɝɨɞ, , 36 . ɉɚɪɝɨɞ , , , , , . , - . , , , ɏɟɣɯɚɥɨɬ , 37 ɉɚɪɝɨɞɟ, . . 38 , ɋɟɮɟɪ ɏɟɣɯɚ- 36 ɉɚɪɝɨɞɚ .: Alexander P. 3 (Hebrew Apocalypse of) Enoch // Charlesworth J. H. (ed.) The Old Testament Pseudepigrapha. 2 vols. New York: Doubleday, 1983—1985. 1.296; Arbel D. Beholders of Divine Secrets: Mysticism and Myth in the Hekhalot and Merkavah Literature. Albany: SUNY Press, 2003. P. 39, 100; Bietenhard H. Die himmlische Welt im Urchristentum und Spätjudentum. (Wissenschaftliche Untersuchungen zum Neuen Testament, 2.) Tübingen: Mohr/Siebeck, 1951. 73 ff.; Fallon F. T. The Enthronment of Sabaoth. (Nag Hammadi and Manichaean Studies, 10). Leiden: Brill, 1978. P. 55; Halperin D. The Merkabah in Rabbinic Literature. New Haven: American Oriental Society, 1980. P. 169, note 99; Hofius O. Der Vorhang vor dem Thron Gottes. (Wissenschaftliche Untersuchungen zum Neuen Testament, 14) Tübingen: Mohr/Siebeck, 1972. 17 ff.; MacRae G. Some Elements of Jewish Apocalyptic and Mystical Tradition and Their Relation to Gnostic Literature. P. 1.49— 78; Morray-Jones C. R. A. A Transparent Illusion: The Dangerous Vision of Water in Hekhalot Mysticism: A Source-critical and Tradition-historical Inquiry // Journal for the Study of Judaism in the Persian, Hellenistic and Roman Period: Supplement Series. 2002. 59 P. 164 ff.; Rowland C., Morray-Jones C. The Mystery of God: Early Jewish Mysticism and the New Testament. (Compendia rerum iudaicarum ad Novum Testamentum, 12.) Leiden: Brill, 2009. P. 372; Odeberg H. 3 Enoch or the Hebrew Book of Enoch. New York: KTAV, 1973. P. 141; Shaked S. Dualism in Transformation: Varieties of Religion in Sasanian Iran. London: School of Oriental and African Studies, 1994. S. 5. 37 .: Stone M. E. Apocalyptic Literature // Stone M. E. (ed.). Jewish Writings of the Second Temple Period: Apocrypha, Pseudepigrapha, Qumran Sectarian Writings, Philo, Josephus. (Compendia rerum iudaicarum ad Novum Testamentum, 2.2.) Assen: Van Gorcum, 1984. P. 417, n. 190; PhilonenkoSayar B., Philonenko M. Apocalypse d’Abraham // Dupont-Sommer A. et al. (eds). La Bible. Écrits intertestamentaires. La Bibliothèque de la Pléiade; Paris, 1987. 1691—1730, esp. 1720, n. 9. 38 . Ɍɪɟɬɶɟɣ ɤɧɢɝɟ ȿɧɨɯɚ — . ɈɌɄɊɈȼȿɇɂɂ ȺȼɊȺȺɆȺ ɥɨɬ39, , 157 - 40 . , Ʉɧɢɝɟ Ɂɨɝɚɪ, , , . Ȼɚɜɥɢ ɋɚɧɯɟɞɪɢɧ 38b : « , : : ? , , , , [ ] , . , [ ] , , , , : , , » (Epstein I. The Babylonian Talmud. Sanhedrin. P. 38b). Ⱥɥɮɚɜɢɬɟ ɪɚɛɛɢ Ⱥɤɢɜɵ . .: Jellinek A. Beth haMidrash. 6 vols. Jerusalem: Wahrmann, 1967. 3.44. 39 ɉɚɪɝɨɞɚ . : ɜ. Ƀɨɦɚ 77a; ɜ. Ȼɪɚɯɨɬ 18b; ɜ. ɏɚɝɢɝɚ 15a—b; ɜ. ɋɚɧɯɟɞɪɢɧ 89b; ɜ. ɋɨɬɚ 49a; ɉɢɪɤɟɣ ɞɟ ɪɚɛɛɢ ɗɥɢɟɡɟɪ 4:6; Ɂɨɝɚɪ I.47a; II.149b—150a. ɜ. ɋɚɧɯɟɞɪɢɧ 38b , , . Pargod . . .: Odeberg H. 3 Enoch or the Hebrew Book of Enoch. New York: KTAV, 1973. P. 141. 40 3 ȿɧɨɯɟ 45:1—6 :« . : Ɇɟɬɚɬɪɨɧ : , , , ,( ) , , . , , , ; : ; ; ; … : , … , , , …» (Ɍɚɧɬɥɟɜɫɤɢɣ ɂ. Ɋ. . .: ; , 2002. . 231—232). , . Ɂɨɝɚɪɟ I.90b—91b :« : , “ȼɨɬ ɤɧɢɝɚ ɪɨɞɨɫɥɨɜɢɹ Ⱥɞɚɦɚ ( . 5:1). ? , , , …” ? , , , . ! , , . ? , , , , , . , , , ; , , , , , . , … , , , , , , » (The Zohar: Pritzker Edition. 2.71—75). , , , , . ɋɟɮɟɪ ɏɟɣɯɚɥɨɬ. « ». ɉɚɪɝɨɞ. 158 Ɍɪɟɬɶɟɣ ɤɧɢɝɟ ȿɧɨɯɚ, Ɉɬɤɪɨɜɟɧɢɢ Ⱥɜɪɚɚɦɚ, . , Ɉɬɤɪɨɜɟɧɢɢ Ⱥɜɪɚɚɦɚ ɉɚɪɝɨɞɚ , . , - , , , , . - , , ɂɭɞɟɣɫɤɨɣ ɜɨɣɧɟ , - , : … , , , , . , : — , — — , , , , , , . , ɞɪɟɜɧɨɫɬɹɯ , , , , . : ɂɭɞɟɣɫɤɢɯ : , , . , , , — , (ɂɭɞɟɣɫɤɚɹ ɜɨɣɧɚ V. 212—214)41. , — — , , , , , (ɂɭɞ. ɞɪ. III. 183)42. — — , , - , , , ɉɚɪɝɨɞɚ, . ɥɨɬ ɏɟɣɯɚ- , Ɉɬɤɪɨɜɟɧɢɢ Ⱥɜɪɚɚɦɚ. , Ƚɟɧɤɟɥɶ Ƚ. Ƚ. ɢ ɞɪ. . . 1115. 42 . . 107 ( 41 ɉɚɪɝɨɞɚ - , , . ). . ɈɌɄɊɈȼȿɇɂɂ ȺȼɊȺȺɆȺ . 159 Ɉɬɤ. Ⱥɜɪ. 21:1—2, , , - , , : :« . — ». 43 , , , , , , . . ɉɚɪɝɨɞɚ, , . . , . , , - - , . , , , . , - , »44. « , . , - , . - 45 47 . , , (Nwlyw)46, Ȼɚɜɥɢ ɏɚɝɢɝɚ 12b : Ʉɭɥɢɤ Ⱥ. . . 246. Philonenko-Sayar B., Philonenko M. L’Apocalypse d’Abraham. Introduction, texte slave, traduction et notes. P. 84. ɩɪɨɫɬɟɪɬɢɟ 3 ȿɧɨɯ 45, : « ». , , , — ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɨɛɪɚɡ. 45 . ,« : , , ( ), ɉɚɪɝɨɞ, » (MacRae G. Some Elements of Jewish Apocalyptic and Mystical Tradition and Their Relation to Gnostic Literature. . 68). 46 velum (Alexander P. 3 (Hebrew Apocalypse of) Enoch. 1.269). 47 MacRae G. Some Elements of Jewish Apocalyptic and Mystical Tradition and Their Relation to Gnostic Literature. . 49. 43 44 160 . : - . , , :[ , , ] : , — , , , , , : [ , . - 48 ] , , , , , , . , , . : , , , , , , - 49 , , , 50 . , - (ȼɢɥɨɧ) . 40:22, , « : , ; …»51. 48 , Epstein I. The Babylonian Talmud. Hagiga. P. 12b. , — , « ». Ɂɨɝɚɪɟ II.164b : « , Ɍɵ ɨɞɟɜɚɟɲɶɫɹ ɫɜɟɬɨɦ, ɤɚɤ ɪɢɡɨɸ, ɩɪɨɫɬɢɪɚɟɲɶ ɧɟɛɟɫɚ, ɤɚɤ ɩɨɤɪɵɜɚɥɨ ( . 103:2). , , , , . : , , . , ? . ɲɚɦɚɣɢɦ, ? ɗɲ, , ɦɚɣɢɦ, . , ɲɚɦɚɣɢɦ, , . , ɤɚɤ ɩɨɤɪɵɜɚɥɨ, ɜɚɜ, ɩɨɤɪɵɜɚɥɨɦ. ɉɨɤɪɵɜɚɥɚ ( . 26:1) — , , ɩɨɤɪɵɜɚɥɚɦɢ! , , , . , , , . , , . , , , . , , . ɞɟɫɹɬɶ ɩɨɤɪɵɜɚɥ, — . ? , , » (The Zohar: Pritzker Edition. 5.451—453). . Ɂɨɝɚɪ II.209a: « , ɧɟɛɟɫɚ, ɧɟɛɟɫɚ! ; . , , , . — ɞɟɫɹɬɶ ɩɨɤɪɵɜɚɥ, : ɩɪɨɫɬɢɪɚɹ ɧɟɛɟɫɚ, ɤɚɤ ɩɨɤɪɵɜɚɥɨ ( . 103:2)» (Ibid. 6.192). 50 .: MacRae G. Some Elements of Jewish Apocalyptic and Mystical Tradition and Their Relation to Gnostic Literature. P. 50. , « , , , , , » (Alexander. 3 Enoch. 1.269). 51 Hofius O. Der Vorhang vor dem Thron Gottes. S. 21. 49 ɈɌɄɊɈȼȿɇɂɂ ȺȼɊȺȺɆȺ Ȼɚɜɥɢ Ȼɪɚɯɨɬ 58b , . « . ( (yqr). Ⱥɜɪɚɚɦɚ, , : ȼɢɥɨɧ 52 » . ,« 161 ȼɢɥɨɧɚ: Ɉɬɤɪɨɜɟɧɢɹ , , »: :« ( . , ». — ( (Ɉɬɤ. Ⱥɜɪ. 21:1—2)53. , ) , ), , , ( (yqr) , . ((yqr) , - , ». , , , . 1:6 « - , Ɉɬɤɪɨɜɟɧɢɢ Ⱥɜɪɚɚɦɚ. , Ɇɢɞɪɚɲɟ Ȼɟɪɟɲɢɬ Ɋɚɛɛɚɬɢ . 26:33 , : , , - ...54 Ȼɟɦɢɞɛɚɪ Ɋɚɛɛɚ 12:13: ... , . .( , , , , , , . 26:7). …, . .( . 1:6), . .( . 1:1), ( . 103:2), , , , , Ɇɢɞɪɚɲɟ Ʉɨɧɟɧ .: Hofius O. Der Vorhang vor dem Thron Gottes. S. 20—21; MacRae G. Some Elements of Jewish Apocalyptic and Mystical Tradition and Their Relation to Gnostic Literature. P. 50. 53 Ʉɭɥɢɤ Ⱥ. . C. 246; Philonenko-Sayar B., Philonenko M. L’Apocalypse d’Abraham. Introduction, texte slave, traduction et notes. P. 82—84. , « » (Harvard Semitic Monographs, 63. Winona Lake, Ind.: Eisenbrauns, 2006. P. 68). 54 Midrash Bereshit Rabbati / Ed. by H. Albeck. Jerusalem: Mekitse Nirdamim, 1940. P. 32. 52 162 ( . 26:33). ( . 1:9)...55 , , , Ʉɧɢɝɟ Ɂɨɝɚɪ , - : ,« , , , , : ɂ ɧɚɡɜɚɥ Ȼɨɝ ɬɜɟɪɞɶ ɧɟɛɨɦ ( . 1:8). . , ɢ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɡɚɜɟɫɚ ɨɬɞɟɥɹɬɶ ɜɚɦ ɫɜɹɬɢɥɢɳɟ ɨɬ ɋɜɹɬɚɹ ɋɜɹɬɵɯ ( . 26:33), ɬɜɟɪɞɶ, (Ɂɨɝɚɪ I.33a)56. : , Ɇɢɞɪɚɲɚ Ɋɚɛɛɚ Ɂɨɝɚɪɚ , . - , , , , . - - - - , - , . , ɋɭɳɧɨɫɬɶ ɚɪɯɨɧɬɨɜ (NHC, II, 94, 9—14), , « , , . »57. , , (ȼɢɥɨɧɚ), , . . « ». ɋɭɳɧɨɫɬɢ ɚɪɯɨɧɬɨɜ (NHC, II, 95, 19—22) , :« , , , 55 56 Midrash Rabbah. 5.483. The Zohar: Pritzker Edition. 1.202. . ɬɨɩɨɝɪɚɮɢɢ 2:35 . , »58. , ɏɪɢɫɬɢɚɧɫɤɨɣ : « , , , , , ,— , , , ; , , …» (McCrindle J. W. (ed.). The Christian Topography of Cosmas, an Egyptian Monk. Translated from the Greek, and Edited with Notes and Introduction. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2010. P. 42—43. 57 . / . . . . .: , 2001. . 339. 58 . . 340. ɈɌɄɊɈȼȿɇɂɂ ȺȼɊȺȺɆȺ 163 , , ȼɢɥɨɧ, , , . ɯɨɠɞɟɧɢɢ ɦɢɪɚ (NHC, II, 98, 21—23), )( ) …»59 , , , , , Ɉ ɩɪɨɢɫ« (. . - , - , , . ɧɢɢ Ⱥɜɪɚɚɦɚ Ɉɬɤɪɨɜɟ, . , , , , - , , (ɨɥɚɦ)60. (ɯɟɣɤɚɥ) Ʌɟɜɢɚɮɚɧ ɤɚɤ ɤɚɦɟɧɶ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɹ , , , — Ɉɬɤɪɨɜɟɧɢɹ Ⱥɜɪɚɚɦɚ , . , , . « 59 60 . . 310. « » , » (ɗɛɟɧ ɒɟɬɢɹ)61. , , , . 61 .: Ginzberg L. Legends of the Jews. 7 vols. Baltimore: The John Hopkins University Press, 1998. 5.15; Burrows E. Some Cosmological Patterns in Babylonian Religion // Hooke S. H. (ed.). The Labyrinth. London: SPCK; New York: Macmillan, 1935. . 45— 70; Patai R. Man and Temple in Ancient Jewish Myth and Ritual. P. 54—58; Schäfer P. Tempel und Schöpfung. Zur Interpretation einiger Heiligtumstraditionen in der rabbinischen Literatur // Studien zur Geschichte und Theologie des rabbinischen Judentums. (Arbeiten zur Geschichte des antiken Judentums und des Urchristentums, 15.) Leiden: Brill, 1978. S. 122—133; Fossum J. The Name of God and the Angel of the Lord: Samaritan and Jewish Mediation Concepts and the Origin vof Gnosticism. (WUNT, 36.) Tübingen: Mohr/Siebeck, 1985. P. 250 ff; Levenson J. D. Sinai and Zion: An Entry into the Jewish Bible. San Francisco: Harper & Row, 1985. P. 133 ff.; Fletcher-Louis C. The Revelation of the Sacral Son of Man // Avemarie F., Lichtenberger H. (eds). Auferstehung-Resurrection. Tübingen: Mohr/Siebeck, 2001. P. 272 ff. , 164 62 , , 63 , , 64 . ȼɬɨɪɨɣ ɤɧɢɝɟ ȿɧɨɯɚ, — 65 , . - 66 . , « , »67. ‘ɒɟɬɢɹ’. 62 Ɇɢɲɧɟ Ƀɨɦɚ 5:2 , - , . .: Burrows E. Some Cosmological Patterns in Babylonian Religion. 55; Fossum J. The Name of God and the Angel of the Lord: Samaritan and Jewish Mediation Concepts and the Origin of Gnosticism. P. 250. 63 , Ʉɧɢɝɟ Ɂɨɝɚɪ I.231 :« , — , ɷɛɟɧ ɲɟɬɢɹ, . , ; . , , : ɢɥɢ ɤɬɨ ɩɨɥɨɠɢɥ ɤɪɚɟɭɝɨɥɶɧɵɣ ɤɚɦɟɧɶ ɟɟ? ( 38:6). Ʉɪɚɟɭɝɨɥɶɧɵɣ ɤɚɦɟɧɶ ɟɟ — : ɤɚɦɟɧɶ ɢɫɩɵɬɚɧɧɵɣ, ɤɪɚɟɭɝɨɥɶɧɵɣ, ɞɪɚɝɨɰɟɧɧɵɣ ( . 28:16), : Ɉɧ ɫɞɟɥɚɥɫɹ ɝɥɚɜɨɸ ɭɝɥɚ ( . 117:22). : , , . ; , . » (The Zohar: Pritzker Edition. 3.396—397). . Ƀɟɪɭɲɚɥɦɢ Ƀɨɦɚ 5:4: « : ? . : ? » (The Jerusalem Talmud. Tractates Pesahim and Yoma / Ed. by H. W. Guggenheimer. (Studia Judaica, 74.) Berlin: De Gruyter, 2013. P. 525; Ȼɟɦɢɞɛɚɪ Ɋɚɛɛɚ 12:4: «… , . . : ? » (Midrash Rabbah. 5.457). 64 . Ɂɨɝɚɪ I.72a: « , ,“ , , ( . 28:22). , , ”» (The Zohar: Pritzker Edition. 1.424). 65 2 ȿɧɨɯ 25 :« , . , , , ( ) ( ) . :“ , , ”. ( ), , , . , ( ) . , ….» (ɇɚɜɬɚɧɨɜɢɱ Ⱥ. Ɇ. // / . . . . 20 . ., 1999. . 3. . 216—217). 66 . Ɂɨɝɚɪ I.71b: «“ , , ”( . 1.26). , , » (The Zohar: Pritzker Edition. 1.423). 67 Danby H. The Mishnah. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1992. . 167. . ȼɚɣɢɤɪɚ Ɋɚɛɛɚ 20:4: « , , . ɈɌɄɊɈȼȿɇɂɂ ȺȼɊȺȺɆȺ 165 , - , . , ; Ɇɨɥɢɬɜɟ Ɇɚɧɚɫɫɢɢ 1—3, : , , , - , ; , …68 , , , ɗɛɟɧ ɒɟɬɢɹ 28:30 ɯɨɦ) , Ɍɚɪɝɭɦɟ ɉɫɟɜɞɨ-ɂɨɧɚɮɚɧɚ (Ɍɟ69 . , , , . , , 70 , , 71 . 72 . … , (Ɍɟɯɨɦ) ... , ... ,... (axis mundi), , . , ɗɧɭɦɚ ɷɥɢɲ iv-v, - . - , , , . 15:6—8,1773. , ? . , , » (Midrash Rabbah. 4.256). 68 Charlesworth J. H. Prayer of Manasseh // Charlesworth J. H. (ed.). The Old Testament Pseudepigrapha. 2 vols. New York: Doubleday, 1983—1985. . 634. 69 . : Ɍɚɪɝɭɦ ɗɤɤɥɟɡ. 3.11. 70 ɜ. ɋɭɤɤɚ 53b; ɜ. Ɇɚɤɤɨɬ 11a; ɢ. ɋɚɧɯɟɞɪɢɧ 29a. 71 .: Fossum J. The Name of God and the Angel of the Lord: Samaritan and Jewish Mediation Concepts and the Origin vof Gnosticism. . 250. 72 Ɍɚɪɝɭɦɟ ɉɫɟɜɞɨ-ɂɨɧɚɮɚɧɚ . 28:30 , . 73 Fishbane M. A. Biblical Myth and Rabbinic Mythmaking. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2003. P. 210. 166 ɗɛɟɧ ɒɟɬɢɹ, . - , , ɉɟɫɢɤɬɚ Ɋɚɛɛɚɬɢ 48:3 , 74 . , 75 , , 76 . , , 77 , . , « , - , »78. , 79 74 « Ɉɬɤ. Ⱥɜɪ. 10:8—12 , Jr. Two Strange Beasts. . 123). ; 75 . , , , . , , , . , » (Whitney K. W., , Ɇɢɞɪɚɲɟ ɨ ȼɟɥɢɱɢɧɟ Ɇɢɪɚ (Ibid. . 115—116). , Ɂɨɝɚɪɟ II.34a—b , , . (Liebes Y. Studies in the Zohar / Transl. A. Schwartz et al. Albany: SUNY, 1993. P. 72). ɉɢɪɤɟɣ ɞɟ ɪɚɛɛɢ ɗɥɢɷɡɟɪ 9 :« , , ; » (Pirke de Rabbi Eliezer / d. by G. Friedlander. 2nd ed. New York: Hermon Press, 1965. P. 63—64). 76 1 ȿɧɨɯ 60:7 . 77 ɉɟɫɢɤɬɚ Ɋɚɛɛɚɬɢ 48:3 : « , . , . , , , , » (Braude. Pesikta Rabbati. 2. 824). 78 Fishbane M. A. Biblical Myth and Rabbinic Mythmaking. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2003. . 208. , Ɍɪɟɬɶɟɣ ɤɧɢɝɢ ȼɚɪɭɯɚ. . ɜ. Ȼɚɜɚ Ȼɚɬɪɚ 74b: « : . : , , , ; : , ». .: Whitney K. W., Jr. Two Strange Beasts. . 112—113; Kulik Ⱥ. The Mysteries of Behemoth and Leviathan and the Celestial Bestiary of 3 Baruch // Le Muséon. 2009. 122. P. 291—329 at 306—309. ,« , — , » (Kulik A. The Mysteries of Behemoth and Leviathan. . 307). 79 , , « , …» (Fishbane M. A. Biblical Myth and Rabbinic Mythmaking. P. 126— 127). , ɈɌɄɊɈȼȿɇɂɂ ȺȼɊȺȺɆȺ , 167 »80. « , - « . »81. , , 82 . , , , ȿɧɨɯɚ 60:9, ɉɟɪɜɨɣ ɤɧɢɝɟ , 83 , . , Ɉɬɤɪɨɜɟɧɢɢ Ⱥɜɪɚɚɦɚ 10:9—10, / ɏɚɣɣɨɬ84. ɏɚɣɣɨɬ , , ( ) , , . . « - » 85 . 80 Fishbane M. A. Biblical Myth and Rabbinic Mythmaking. P. 210. Whitney K. W., Jr. Two Strange Beasts. P. 117. 82 Ɂɨɝɚɪ II.222a: « , , , , , , ; , , , , . , ɲɟɬɢɹ ( ), . ɲɟɬɢɹ ɲɚɬ ( ) Ƀɹ ( ), , , , » (Sperling H, Simon M. (transl.). The Zohar. 4.258–259). 83 1 ȿɧɨɯ 60:9: « , , , » (Ɍɚɧɬɥɟɜɫɤɢɣ ɂ. Ɋ. . . 342). 84 Ɉɬɤ. Ⱥɜɪ. 10:9—10: « , ɩɪɢɧɚɞɥɟɠɚɳɢɦɢ . , , , . , » (Ʉɭɥɢɤ Ⱥ. . . 242). , , Ɂɨɝɚɪɟ II.20a: « . , , , ; , ». 81 85 Ɋɚɛɛɚ 1:28, , , , - , , . Ɇɢɞɪɚɲɟ 168 , , . Ɉɬɤɪɨɜɟɧɢɹ Ⱥɜɪɚɚɦɚ 10:9—10 (Axis Mundi), , « , »86. , , , , (Axis Mundi), , . , - ɏɚɣɣɨɬ; . - Ɉɬɤɪɨɜɟɧɢɢ Ⱥɜɪɚɚɦɚ « , »87. , , , , , . , - , , , , . , , - «Circuitus Mundi»88. , , , Ȼɚɜɥɢ Ȼɚɜɚ Ȼɚɬɪɚ 75a : . . , - , :« , , ; »89. : , - , . . , , , ɒɢɪ-ɝɚ-ɒɢɪɢɦ Ɋɚɛɛɚ 1:28 :« , , . : [ ] » (Midrash Rabbah. 9.47—48). 86 Whitney K. W., Jr. Two Strange Beasts. . 65. 87 Ibid. P. 66. 88 Ibid. P. 118. «Circuitus Mundi» . .: Whitney K. W., Jr. Two Strange Beasts. . 121; Kulik A. The Mysteries of Behemoth and Leviathan. . 299. 89 Epstein I. The Babylonian Talmud. Baba Bathra. . 75a. ɈɌɄɊɈȼȿɇɂɂ ȺȼɊȺȺɆȺ 169 Ɂɚɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟ , Ɉɬɤɪɨɜɟɧɢɹ Ⱥɜɪɚɚɦɚ, 21- , , , . , , , . ɢ , . , , , , . , , , - , , « Ɉɬɤɪɨɜɟɧɢɢ Ⱥɜɪɚɚɦɚ , ». - , , ɏɟɣɯɚɥɨɬ 90 - . Ɉɬɤɪɨɜɟɧɢɹ Ⱥɜɪɚɚɦɚ, ,— . , « , Ʉɚɜɨɞɨɦ, », , - , 90 , . , « . : , , . , , . . 70- . , . , , » (Alexander P. The Mystical Texts: Songs of the Sabbath Sacrifice and Related Manuscripts. (Library of Second Temple Studies, 61.) London: T&T Clark, 2005. P. 133). 170 91 . - , , . , , , , - . 91 .: Orlov A. “The Likeness of Heaven”: Kavod of Azazel in the Apocalypse of Abraham // Arbel D., Orlov A. (eds). With Letters of Light: Studies in the Dead Sea Scrolls, Early Jewish Apocalypticism, Magic and Mysticism (Ekstasis, 2.) Berlin; N. Y.: de Gruyter, 2010. P. 232—253.