ENFORCEMENT OF IMMIGRATION AND IMPLEMENTATION: A NARRATIVE OF NATIONS POLICIES
Ananda Majumdar2024, ASTANA PUBLICATIONS
Definitions nations are characterized by immigration policies, a procedure that can enter, who must leave, and who qualifies for membership, which is central to nation-state sovereignty. In the United States, immigrants are welcome, but it has also been observed that they are inferior based on classification, such as the poor class of the immigrants; they are undesirable and racially lower in the society or community. The American immigration policy thus shows its commencement. Decision-makers such as political leaders are worried about undocumented immigrants, who burden the U.S. public resources and increase crimes. Lawmakers, therefore, are trying to implement various penalties through lawful adjustment. Every state of the United States set up an admission criterion and established a state immigration board to regulate passengers at the port. The initiative has been taken due to the federal government's need for more capability to handle newcomers. The federal and local governments of the United States had a long struggle over the issue of immigration policies, newcomers, and the role of regional and national police over the issue. Federally, a naturalization law had been passed, but it did not regulate the eviction of foreigners. Local-based laws have been created to control immigration, and conflicts have been raised every time between the local and federal governments; after all, the management of immigration control is in the national hands, but local authorities have tried to manage immigration policies in their territories. Several lawful and unlawful arrests by the local police occurred, which is why issues continue to increase. The paper aims to understand the problems of U.S. regional and federal government immigration policies. The outcome is to know clearly about the control of immigration policies and its regulations both locally and federally. The methodology was based on the constant reading of articles and a documentary analysis. The feature question is how immigration policy has been accepted by both federal and local government and their police system to control immigration.
Related papers
Immigration Regulation and the State: Crimmigration, Enforcement and Punishment Fall Semester IR 9300 Dr. Michael Sullivan Class: TBA
With a focus on immigration regulation policies and their impact on vulnerable populations, our primary task is to interrogate and explore the ways in which the state mediates and controls the membership and movement of people across national boundaries and within the territory of the nation-state, both historically and in the contemporary era. We will also consider the impact of migrant settlement and state bordering practices on the Indigenous nations of North America, including those who remain in their territories, and those forced to seek asylum in the US or Canada.
Introduction to Special Issue on Immigration
Public affairs quarterly
Scaled Down: Perspectives on State and Local Creation and Enforcement of Immigration Law. Introduction to the Special Issue of Law & Policy
Law & Policy, 2012
Book Review of Policing Immigrants: Local Law Enforcement
The book reviewed here provides a new framework for critically analyzing the federalization of immigration enforcement. It contends with the complexities and contradictions that adhere to implementing immigration enforcement at the street level. This perspective plays with the old law and society adage that law on the books is not the same as law on the streets. Still it is a departure in how many critical immigration scholars view the relationship between anti-immigrant injustice and law enforcement. The routinely held view is of the subordination of immigrants coinciding with hierarchically imposed enforcement strategies in such federal legislation as the Illegal Immigration Reform and Immigrant Responsibility Act and the Antiterrorism and Effective Death Penalty Act, as implemented through the Department of Homeland Security and Immigration and Customs Enforcement. As a result, most of the literature on immigration enforcement focuses on case law about immigration statutes or such ICE ACCESS initiatives as Secure Communities, Priority Enforcement Program, Criminal Alien Program and more. The book Policing Immigrants: Local Law Enforcement on the Front Lines, by Doris Marie Provine, Monica W Varsanyi, Paul G Lewis, and Scott H Decker, takes a different perspective. It focuses on a ''multijurisdictional patchwork'' that depends in large part on how states and even more importantly local authorities respond to federal policies and initiatives. The patchwork consists of a multitude of policies and practices at the state, county and local levels, with each level of policy informed by both contradictory and overlapping factors. Enforcement practices are informed by a variety of factors: local institutional interests, politics and economics , culture along with individual discretion. Missing is a unified ideological vision, which the authors describe as, ''a broadly shared sense that immigrants who have settled in the United States have some moral claim to remain that law and policy should honor.'' (p. 154). Also missing are the integration, predictability and consistency that facilitate a fair and accountable process and are generically embedded in the rule of law. But with such disjunctures, the patchwork generates a multitude of new vision. It's a vision of immigration enforcement as legal pluralism. Here a multitude of levels of law impress conflicting messages upon the immigrant and front-line officers, creating as an outcome discretion for the officer and uncertainty for the immigrant. For scholars, such framing of immigration federalization promises dissertations worth
Immigration Enforcement and Federalism After September 11, 2001, in Immigration, Integration, and Security: America and Europe in Comparative Perspective (Chebel d’Appollonia & Reich eds., Univ. of Pittsburgh Press, 2008)
Immigration, Integration, and Security: American and …, 2008
Local Policy and Immigration (graduate) 2014
This seminar reviews the major issues confronting urban planners and local policy makers working in diverse places. The course focuses on the day-today realities of communities experiencing rapid demographic, economic, social and cultural changes. The reading material draws heavily from the experiences of towns, cities and regions in the United States, Canada, Europe and Australia. We will also explore local issues by collaborating with Champaign-Urbana Immigration Forum. Assignments and Classroom Activities Participation (20 points) Learning is a social process and collective endeavor; therefore your primary responsibility in class is active participation. Because there will be much discussion among the members of the class, you must do the required readings assigned to specific days and come prepared to ask questions and make comments. Informed discussion is the point of a good seminar. The intellectual quality of the seminar depends on active participation by every member in the class. In addition, you are encouraged to keep notes in a systematic way. This is an important habit to develop as future researchers, scholars, planners and policy makers. Please bring the reading material and your notes to class. Discussion Leader (20 points) Everyone will be responsible for leading a discussion during the semester. This entails assembling a set of questions/discussion topics about the required reading and facilitating a discussion. The discussion leaders should expect that everyone is fully prepared to summarize the major ideas in each assigned reading and able to give a brief critique of those readings as well. I recommend that that discussion leaders meet with me at least a week in advance to discuss what they hope to accomplish in the classroom discussion. Project #1: Exploring Local Challenges and Efforts to Welcome Immigrants in CU (30 points) This is a mini-ethnographic project to quickly immerse the class into the local community. The goal is to better understand the local immigrant population, the challenges those immigrants face, and what local activists and advocates are doing to create a more welcoming environment in CU. The project will start by having you participate, observe and attend local meeting and events; from there you will identify a particular issues and then interview a couple of people to further explore the topic. The final product will be a short report. Project #2: Strategies for Creating an Immigrant Friendly Community (30 points) Develop a 5-minute presentation and create 2-page handout that will be used to inform local leaders about what communities are doing to welcome, integrate and support immigrants. The presentation and handout will focus on a specific strategy and discuss how it might be implemented. Ideally, this will address the problem identified in the first project.
Final Project: Fundamentals of Law and Public Policy-Position Paper Policy Paper Presented to the Department of Homeland Security on Immigration in the United States
Policy paper on American Immigration Policy, 2022
Department of Homeland Security of the United States is a federal agency of the American Government established after the September 11, 2001, terrorist bombing of the twin towers in New York, United States of America(Homeland Security Act, 2002). In addition to the terrorist prevention function of the Department of Homeland Security, the department is also responsible for coordinating with heads of the components, including United States Customs and Borders Protection and the United States Immigration and Customs Enforcement (Homeland Security Act, Section 210A (c) 2(D) &(E)). The Department of Homeland Security is responsible for preventing terrorist attacks in the United States of America through the collection of intelligence and coordination with federal, state, and local law enforcement agencies and other agencies through information sharing on persons or institutions believed to be terrorists or organizations, respectively that are planning or carrying out attacks on the soil of the United States( Department of Homeland Security Act, 2002). The practice and power delegated to the Department of Homeland Security on information sharing do not require consent from a suspected person before the agency gain access to the private information of a United States citizen or any person within the borders of the United States (Department of Homeland Security Act, 2002). Once the agency believes that a particular person of interest should be investigated based on information available to the agency that the person of interest is a suspected terrorist and or member of a terrorist cell operating in and out of America against the national security interest of the United States, the agency will be granted the right by court’s order without the person’s consent for the private information of the suspect to be turned over to the agency (Department of Homeland Security Act, 2002). This also extends to immigrants coming into the United States.
Enforcing immigration law
Philosophy Compass, 2020
Over the last few years, an increasingly sophisticated literature devoted to normative questions arising out of the enforcement of immigration law had developed. In this essay, I consider what sorts of constraints considerations of justice and legitimacy may place on the enforcement of immigration law, even if we assume that states have significant discretion in setting their own immigration policies, and that open borders are not required by justice. I consider constraints placed on state or national governments, constraints on enforcement by substate governments, and constraints on the actions of individuals. I show that there are significant limits on what states may do and what they may require substate governments and individuals to do, in enforcing their immigration laws, but that these constraints are not clearly incompatible with significant state discretion in setting immigration policy. Nonetheless, consideration of justice in enforcement is necessary for any complete normative account of immigration.
Conclusion: Immigration and Public Policy
Immigrant America, 4th ed., 2014 - Chapter 9: Sheriff Joe Arpaio won re-election in Maricopa County albeit by a much diminished margin in 2012. Meanwhile, the deportation campaign conducted by Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) continued apace. In chapter 1 we presented the evolution of deportations during the last two decades and showed their massive increase starting in the last years of the Bush Administration. This campaign amounts to what Douglas Massey has labeled “America’s war against its own immigrants.” On the other side of the ledger, President Obama promulgated by decree a temporary stay of the campaign against the children of unauthorized immigrants, the Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals (DACA) of 2012; in the first year of the program about 400,000 applicants were allowed to stay in the U.S., although more than half of the undocumented youth under 30 are ineligible. Homeland Security Secretary Janet Napolitano proclaimed the end of the indiscriminate deportation campaign, announcing in 2011 that henceforth cases would be reviewed “on an individual basis,” although in 2012 ICE deported 409,849 individuals, a record high. The plummeting of unauthorized immigration prompted by the Great Recession of 2007-2009 and the consequent drying up of labor supplies to agriculture and other labor intensive sectors of the American economy prompted the Obama Administration to re-activate the H-2 temporary visa program on a massive scale, as seen in Chapters 1 and 5. By 2013, the situation was nothing short of schizophrenic, with agricultural interests clamoring for the same type of worker that ICE was deporting and the U.S. government setting up a revolving door where Mexican workers were thrown out of the country, on the one hand, and welcomed as W-2 visa holders, on the other. Calls for “comprehensive immigration reform” have long been heard, but they have been routinely neutralized by the intransigent opposition of the Republican Party against “rewarding law breakers”. Only the punishing Hispanic vote against Republican candidates in the 2012 presidential election started convincing some party stalwarts to move away from their prior intransigence. Realities underneath are more complex. While clamoring for a ready supply of foreign labor, chambers of commerce and associations of farmers and ranchers barely raised a finger in the past to stop the border enforcement and deportation campaigns. Although not saying so publicly, many of these interests viewed the American immigration system as not really “broken”, at least until recently, since unauthorized immigration provided them with a steady supply of low-cost and docile labor. Only the increasing power of the Hispanic electorate, brought about largely by the coming of age of the second generation, has introduced a new and potentially decisive element into this political equation. The contradictions in American immigration policy today represent the latest episode of that ambivalence toward immigrants noted at the start of this book. There is no small irony in the opposite portrayals of immigration to America, reviled when it is taking place and celebrated after a period of time, when the first generation has passed from the scene and its descendants are able to revindicate its achievements. A good part of American literature is made up of these nostalgic retrospectives of the trials and accomplishments of immigrants by their children and grandchildren—Jews and Italians earlier in the twentieth century; Chinese, Cubans, and Mexicans today. This cycle of negative and positive stereotyping only skims the surface of the phenomenon of immigration, however. This is so because these contradictory images emerge in the realm of public opinion where serious understanding of the dynamics underlying the process, including the role of public opinion itself, is lacking. The well-entrenched public view is that immigration is a consequence of the initiative of migrants themselves who come in search of a better life; they are allowed to settle because of the laxness of government controls and a tolerant attitude among the natives. If such an attitude were to disappear and the government to tighten controls, immigration would certainly go away. These views are erroneous. Immigrant flows are not initiated solely by the desires and dreams of people in other lands, but by the designs and interests of well-organized groups in the receiving country, primarily employers. Up to a point, public opposition to immigration can play into the hands of these groups by maintaining the newcomers in a vulnerable and dependent position. Similarly, governments are not omnipotent in their regulation of immigration. In particular, governmental attempts at reversing well-established migrant flows do not generally have the intended effect because of the resistance of social networks linking places of origin and destination. This final chapter aims at teasing out these complex dynamics in order to lay out the basis for a sound understanding of the origins of contemporary immigration and for viable policies toward it. To do so, we must examine the interplay between the two sets of forces just mentioned: the surface level of policy debates and shifting currents of public opinion, and the underlying realities rooted in the political economy of the nation. The interplay has effects on three key constituencies which must be examined systematically: the immigrants themselves, the ethnic groups created by them, and society at large.
3. BİLSEL INTERNATIONAL AHLAT SCIENTIFIC RESEARCHES CONGRESS, 08/09 JUNE, 2024
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3. BİLSEL INTERNATIONAL AHLAT SCIENTIFIC RESEARCHES CONGRESS
ENFORCEMENT OF IMMIGRATION AND IMPLEMENTATION: A NARRATIVE OF NATIONS
POLICIES
Ananda Majumdar
(0000-0003-3045-0056) - ORCID | Connecting Research and Researchers
Ananda Majumdar | University of Alberta - Academia.edu
[email protected]
Abstracts: Definitions nations are characterized by immigration policies, a procedure that can enter, who must
leave, and who qualifies for membership, which is central to nation-state sovereignty. In the United States,
immigrants are welcome, but it has also been observed that they are inferior based on classification, such as the
poor class of the immigrants; they are undesirable and racially lower in the society or community. The American
immigration policy thus shows its commencement. Decision-makers such as political leaders are worried about
undocumented immigrants, who burden the U.S. public resources and increase crimes. Lawmakers, therefore, are
trying to implement various penalties through lawful adjustment. Every state of the United States set up an
admission criterion and established a state immigration board to regulate passengers at the port. The initiative has
been taken due to the federal government's need for more capability to handle newcomers. The federal and local
governments of the United States had a long struggle over the issue of immigration policies, newcomers, and the
role of regional and national police over the issue. Federally, a naturalization law had been passed, but it did not
regulate the eviction of foreigners. Local-based laws have been created to control immigration, and conflicts have
been raised every time between the local and federal governments; after all, the management of immigration
control is in the national hands, but local authorities have tried to manage immigration policies in their territories.
Several lawful and unlawful arrests by the local police occurred, which is why issues continue to increase. The
paper aims to understand the problems of U.S. regional and federal government immigration policies. The outcome
is to know clearly about the control of immigration policies and its regulations both locally and federally. The
methodology was based on the constant reading of articles and a documentary analysis. The feature question is how
immigration policy has been accepted by both federal and local government and their police system to control
immigration.
Keywords: Migration, Forceful Migration, Immigration, Emigration, Unlawful Migration Versus Lawful
Migration, Homeland Security, Department of Justice, Narcotics and Irregular Migration, Mobilization of
International Partnership, Strength Border Security, Citizenship and Immigration Canada, Canada Border Service
Agency, Immigration India and South Asian Illegal Migration to India, Biometrics, Refugee Reformation, Privacy
Act. Southern Asia.
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3. BİLSEL INTERNATIONAL AHLAT SCIENTIFIC RESEARCHES CONGRESS
Introduction: The current 1Biden-Harris administration of the United States has taken decisive action to strengthen
the border and its security. This is a sustained effort by the administration to exercise its full authority for law
enforcement and impose consequences for irregular migration, including entering the United States unlawfully.
2
Homeland Security thus takes steps to leverage existing resources within its boundary coordination with federal
and international partners for a meaningful impact.
3
Homeland Security has taken actions to strengthen
immigration laws and deter irregular migration, including its recording system about individuals' data. 4DHS has
responded to the government's response to irregular migration, increasing the number of agents and officers on the
southwest borders to over 24000, adding more support personnel from across the department, and securing the first
significant increase of Border Patrol agents. 5Homeland security bolstered the technical developments along with
the border by deploying surveillance towers and non-intrusive inspection systems at ports of entry to detect
narcotics and other contraband more actively. It has implemented significant infrastructure and process
improvements to enhance the ability to deploy consequences for unlawful entry at the border. 6Since 2021, DHS
has taken facilities, such as constructing many facilities, modernizing processing systems, supporting transportation
systems, and creating a fair process for removing people. As a result, an estimated 740,000 7 people have been
removed from the United States within a fair system and method. 8In 2023, DHS implemented the 'Circumvention
of Lawful Pathways' rule to discourage irregular immigration and used the lawful pathways by placing a
commonsense condition on asylum ineligibility for certain noncitizens who fail to pursue the safe, orderly and
lawful process for entry into the United States or seeking protection in another country through which they
travelled. 9USCIS has revised guidance for asylum officers to consider whether an asylum seeker could reasonably
1 fact sheet: DHS Continues to Strengthen
St
Partnerships—paragraph 1 .
Border Security, Reduce Irregular Migration, and Mobilize International
2
Fact Sheet: DHS Continues to Strengthen Border Security, Reduce Irregular Migration, and Mobilize International Partnerships—
paragraph 2nd.
3
Fact Sheet: DHS Continues to Strengthen Border Security, Reduce Irregular Migration, and Mobilize International Partnerships.
Strengthening and Expanding Enforcement of Consequences. Paragraph 1 st.
4
Fact Sheet: DHS Continues to Strengthen Border Security, Reduce Irregular Migration, and Mobilize International Partnerships.
Strengthening and Expanding Enforcement of Consequences. Paragraph 1 st.
5
Fact Sheet: DHS Continues to Strengthen Border Security, Reduce Irregular Migration, and Mobilize International Partnerships.
Strengthening and Expanding Enforcement of Consequences. Paragraph 2 nd.
6
Fact Sheet: DHS Continues to Strengthen Border Security, Reduce Irregular Migration, and Mobilize International Partnerships.
Strengthening and Expanding Enforcement of Consequences. Paragraph 3 rd.
7
Fact Sheet: DHS Continues to Strengthen Border Security, Reduce Irregular Migration, and Mobilize International Partnerships.
Strengthening and Expanding Enforcement of Consequences. Paragraph 3 rd.
8
Fact Sheet: DHS Continues to Strengthen Border Security, Reduce Irregular Migration, and Mobilize International Partnerships.
Strengthening and Expanding Enforcement of Consequences. Paragraph 4 th.
9
Fact Sheet: DHS Continues to Strengthen Border Security, Reduce Irregular Migration, and Mobilize International Partnerships.
Strengthening and Expanding Enforcement of Consequences. Paragraph 6 th.
1297
3. BİLSEL INTERNATIONAL AHLAT SCIENTIFIC RESEARCHES CONGRESS
claim future persecution in all credible fear cases. 1The Department of Justice prioritizes prosecution involving
smugglers and increased penalties for the most prolific and dangerous human smugglers. 2It has announced the
'Anti-Smuggling Reward' initiative to offer financial rewards for information leading to the identification, location,
arrest or conviction of high-priority human smuggling targets. Homeland Security also worked with many
3
international partners throughout the hemisphere to stem extracontinental migration through increased use of
transit visas and passenger vetting. 4The administration acted from partner nations to expand lawful pathways,
address the root causes of irregular migration, and reduce the flows of migrants through Darien and Central
America and Mexico.
Literature Review: internationally, Homeland Security and the other migration departments of the United States
have taken steps such as coordination with the 5Mexican Government on continued enforcement efforts to include
their independent decision to accept certain non-Mexicans being returned and removed to Mexico from the United
States. It has continued the Lod Angeles Declaration6 on Migration and Protection alongside 22 countries across
the hemisphere, including a second anniversary ministerial in 7Guatemala to reaffirm shared responsibility for
reducing and managing irregular migration. 8DHS (Homeland Security) has negotiated worldwide to conduct
additional removal flights, with several flights doubling or trailing for some countries. Every week, DHS conducts
dozens of removal flights worldwide across the Western hemisphere. DHS has partnered with the Department of
State and partner countries to impose transit visa requirements for specific nationalities and sanction charter
airlines that knowingly bring migrants to the Western hemispheres who arrive at the southwest border. Through
1
Fact Sheet: DHS Continues to Strengthen Border Security, Reduce Irregular Migration, and Mobilize International Partnerships.
Strengthening and Expanding Enforcement of Consequences. Paragraph 9 th.
2
Fact Sheet: DHS's Key Achievements in Strengthening Border Security, Reducing Irregular Migration, and Mobilizing International
Partnerships. Strengthening and Expanding Enforcement of Consequences. Paragraph 9 th.
3
Fact Sheet: DHS Continues to Strengthen Border Security, Reduce Irregular Migration, and Mobilize International Partnerships.
Mobilizing International Partnerships and Bolstering Cooperation. Paragraph 1 st.
4
Fact Sheet: DHS Continues to Strengthen Border Security, Reduce Irregular Migration, and Mobilize International Partnerships.
Mobilizing International Partnerships and Bolstering Cooperation. Paragraph 1 st.
5
Fact Sheet: DHS Continues to Strengthen Border Security, Reduce Irregular Migration, and Mobilize International Partnerships. They
are mobilizing International Partnerships and Strengthening Cooperation—paragraph 1st.
6
Fact Sheet: DHS Continues to Strengthen Border Security, Reduce Irregular Migration and Mobilize International Partnerships. They are
mobilizing International Partnerships and Bolstering Cooperation—Paragraph 2nd.
7
Fact Sheet: DHS Continues to Strengthen Border Security, Reduce Irregular Migration and Mobilize International Partnerships. They are
mobilizing International Partnerships and Bolstering Cooperation—Paragraph 2nd.
8
Fact Sheet: DHS Continues to Strengthen Border Security, Reduce Irregular Migration and Mobilize International Partnerships. They are
mobilizing International Partnerships and Bolstering Cooperation—Paragraph 3rd.
1298
3. BİLSEL INTERNATIONAL AHLAT SCIENTIFIC RESEARCHES CONGRESS
collaborations such as 1'Joint Task Force Alpha' and targeted operations such as 2'Operation Plaza Spike and other
high-impact efforts, it has worked with Mexico and other partners in Central America and across the hemisphere to
destroy and dismantle smuggling operations at every level. 3An estimated 18000 smugglers throughout the region
have been arrested, and thousands here in the United States have been prosecuted under federal law. Even though
irregular migration, smuggling, and human trafficking continue across the world. Therefore, migration is a
dangerous issue, just like other global issues, which has also been focused on by the Canadian Immigration
program and has taken many initiatives for refugee claimants, asylum claimants, student travellers, and permanent
emigrants to Canada. Emigration and migration issues in the Indian subcontinent have been indicated differently.
Because of the population explosion, people have migrated regionally from country to country, especially from the
neighbourhood of India to Indian territories.
Methodology: The paper has been assumed through subordinate data sources, including academic articles,
websites, etc. The description of sources follows the essay's writing method, reading, gathering in-depth insights on
topics, exploring ideas, summarizing, interpreting, and mainly expressing them in words (documentary analysis
through a qualitative approach). The paper discussed the immigration policies implemented by both Homeland
Security in the United States and Citizenship & Immigration Canada for the betterment of the migration policies,
rescuing irregular immigrants, human trafficking, smuggling, etc. It has been a problem in the Western hemisphere
for illegal immigration from the South, especially from Central and South American countries. It was not the
people's fault, but they were influenced by the smugglers for illegal immigration and faced problems with
homeland security. For the betterment of the refugee problem, reducing unlawful migration and creating better
rational policies, both Homeland Security and Citizenship and Immigration Canada took initiatives to escape the
Western hemispheres from migration problems. Many people from developing countries come to Canada as
tourists under tourist visas. Then they apply for political asylum for a permanent stay, which is a wrong idea and
dream for them. Political asylum is only possible if their original countries are war-affected. Without strong and
proper documentation for the reason of political asylum, they were finally deported, making their travelling record
worse. They may be banned as well. Therese is all through the falsified agents and smugglers who let them
1
Fact Sheet: DHS Continues to Strengthen Border Security, Reduce Irregular Migration and Mobilize International Partnerships. They are
mobilizing International Partnerships and Bolstering Cooperation—Paragraph 7th.
2
Fact Sheet: DHS Continues to Strengthen Border Security, Reduce Irregular Migration and Mobilize International Partnerships. They are
mobilizing International Partnerships and Bolstering Cooperation—Paragraph 7th.
3
Fact Sheet: DHS Continues to Strengthen Border Security, Reduce Irregular Migration and Mobilize International Partnerships. They are
mobilizing International Partnerships and Bolstering Cooperation—Paragraph 7th.
1299
3. BİLSEL INTERNATIONAL AHLAT SCIENTIFIC RESEARCHES CONGRESS
understand all fraudulent policies and rules. Therefore, this paper has discussed steps that Homeland Security and
Canada have taken for lawful immigration through permanent residency, which can be done quickly. The programs
and policies of the United States and Canada have been expressed for better communication and coordination for
the immigration departments and for reducing illegal immigration.
Discussion: Homeland Security has taken steps like partnering with the 1Department of State for the establishment
of 2'Safe Mobility Offices throughout the region for the expansion to access lawful pathways such as the 3U.S.
Refugee Admissions Program (USRAP) and others in the United States and partnered countries such as 4Canada,
and Spain. Therefore, people can take safe journeys to the southwest border. 5Over 10,000 refugees have arrived in
the United States through this initiative thus far. 6Home security established country-specific parole processes for
certain nationals of Cuba, Haiti, Nicaragua, and Venezuela (CHNV). 7Throughout the end of April 2024, an
estimated 435,000 CHNV nationals with a U.S.-based supporter had been screened, vetted and received advanced
travel authorization for a lawful arrival to the United States. 8It has expanded H-2 non-immigrant visa programs
and has nearly 450,000 H-2 visas, the highest ever, to ensure individuals seeking economic opportunities can
pursue these visas instead of taking irregular journeys to the U.S. border. 9Homeland Security expanded the
capacity at ports of entry by more than 4x using CBP, one mobile application that allows noncitizens to schedule an
appointment to present for the inspection. 10Since January 2023, through the end of April 2024, more than 591,000
individuals have successfully planned to present at ports of entry using CBP instead of risking their lives by
1
Fact Sheet: DHS Continues to Strengthen Border Security, Reduce Irregular
Expanded Lawful Pathways and Processes. Paragraph. 1 st.
2
Fact Sheet: DHS Continues to Strengthen Border Security, Reduce Irregular
Expanded Lawful Pathways and Processes. Paragraph. 1 st.
3
Fact Sheet: DHS Continues to Strengthen Border Security, Reduce Irregular
Expanded Lawful Pathways and Processes. Paragraph 1 st.
4
Fact Sheet: DHS Continues to Strengthen Border Security, Reduce Irregular
Expanded Lawful Pathways and Processes. Paragraph 1 st.
5
Fact Sheet: DHS Continues to Strengthen Border Security, Reduce Irregular
Expanded Lawful Pathways and Processes. Paragraph 1 st.
6
Fact Sheet: DHS Continues to Strengthen Border Security, Reduce Irregular
Expanded Lawful Pathways and Processes. Paragraph 2 nd.
7
Fact Sheet: DHS Continues to Strengthen Border Security, Reduce Irregular
Expanded Lawful Pathways and Processes. Paragraph 2 nd.
8
Fact Sheet: DHS Continues to Strengthen Border Security, Reduce Irregular
Expanded Lawful Pathways and Processes. Paragraph 3 rd.
9
Fact Sheet: DHS Continues to Strengthen Border Security, Reduce Irregular
Expanded Lawful Pathways and Processes. Paragraph 4 th.
10
Fact Sheet: DHS Continues to Strengthen Border Security, Reduce Irregular
Expanded Lawful Pathways and Processes. Paragraph 4 th.
1300
Migration and Mobilize International Partnerships.
Migration and Mobilize International Partnerships.
Migration and Mobilize International Partnerships.
Migration and Mobilize International Partnerships.
Migration and Mobilize International Partnerships.
Migration and Mobilize International Partnerships.
Migration and Mobilize International Partnerships.
Migration and Mobilize International Partnerships.
Migration and Mobilize International Partnerships.
Migration and Mobilize International Partnerships.
3. BİLSEL INTERNATIONAL AHLAT SCIENTIFIC RESEARCHES CONGRESS
crossing illegally in the hands of smugglers. Homeland Security has implemented a new 1family reunification
parole process that has allowed thousands of nationals of Colombia, El-Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, and
Ecuador, whole family members are American citizens or lawful permanent residents and who are the beneficiaries
of an approved family-based petition, to travel to the United States. It was an initiative for the family reunification
parole processes, making it possible for the petitioners from Cuba and Haiti. Throughout this, coordination between
Homeland Security, the Department of Justice, and private agencies, southwest border management has been
tightened by the U.S. Customs and Immigration. It has thus secured and increased 2Border Patrol staffing in over a
decade with 300 additional Agents added in Fiscal Year 2023 and funding Fiscal Year 2024 that would raise that to
as many as 2000 total new agents—deployed hundreds of personnel, support contractors, health providers, and
wrap-around services at 11 soft-sided facilities. 3That also included over 2000 non-uniform and contract personnel
to return agents to the front-line duties in the past two years. 4U.S. Customs and Immigration Enforcement (ICE)
modernized its systems to allow for increased removals and returns after May 2023. 5A shared activity shave has
been opened with non-profit and local communities to receive noncitizens. 6Public Safety Canada provides federal
policy leadership and coordination on various immigration and border issues to ensure that those policies and
programs help to facilitate the flow of legitimate trade and travel and ensure that safety and security are obtained.
7
The Government of Canada works to improve the visa processes and modernize programs by centralizing more of
its overseas processing in Canada. Overseas visa screening is a key tool in preventing the entry of individuals who
threaten Canadians' safety and security and maintaining the integrity of the immigration and refugee systems.
Canada has specific requirements for who can and cannot enter Canada and the type of identification they need.
8
The Canadian Border Services Agency (CBSA) is vigilant in determining the admissibility of individuals by
1
Fact Sheet: DHS Continues to Strengthen Border Security, Reduce Irregular Migration and Mobilize International Partnerships.
Expanded Lawful Pathways and Processes. Paragraph 5 th.
2
Fact Sheet: DHS Continues to Strengthen Border Security, Reduce Irregular Migration and Mobilize International Partnerships. Our
Dedicated Workforce: The Backbone of Our Security. Paragraph 1 st.
3
Fact Sheet: DHS Continues to Strengthen Border Security, Reduce Irregular Migration and Mobilize International Partnerships. Our
Dedicated Workforce: The Backbone of Our Security. Paragraph
1st.
4
Fact Sheet: DHS Continues to Strengthen Border Security, Reduce Irregular Migration and Mobilize International Partnerships. Global
Collaboration: A Key Strategy in Reducing Irregular Migration. Paragraph 2nd
5
Fact Sheet: DHS Continues to Strengthen Border Security, Reduce Irregular Migration and Mobilize International Partnerships. Global
Collaboration: A Key Strategy in Reducing Irregular Migration. Paragraph 2nd
6
Immigration Enforcement. Paragraph 1st.
7
Immigration Enforcement. Admissibility to Canada. Paragraph 1st.
8
Immigration Enforcement. Admissibility to Canada. Paragraph 2nd.
1301
3. BİLSEL INTERNATIONAL AHLAT SCIENTIFIC RESEARCHES CONGRESS
verifying and identifying them and checking for violations of Canadian law. The CBSA also manages the 1'wanted
by CBSA program' to enlist the public's help in identifying individuals to execute the warrants for their removal.
2
Citizenship and Immigration Canada, in consultation with CBSA and other federal partners, launched a review of
the 3Immigration and Refugee Protection Act in 2010 regarding inadmissibility and related provisions to ensure
that immigration and border officials continue to have the tools necessary to maintain the integrity of Canada's
immigration system. In this context, 4'The Faster Removal of Foreign Criminals Act' has made for the removal of
dangerous foreign criminals and makes it harder for those who pose a risk to Canadians to come to the country
while removing barriers for genuine visitors. The government also manages the 5'War Crimes programs' that seek
to deny war criminals and officials from designated regimes haven in Canada through visa screening, exclusion
from the refugee process, citizens revocation, removal from Canada, criminal investigations and prosecutions. 6In
2013, travellers, students, and cooks from certain visa-required countries and territories were now required to
provide their fingerprints and photos taken before arriving in Canada. When the visa holder arrives at the port of
entry, the Canada Border Services Agency (CBSA) uses the information to verify that the visa holder is the person
to whom the visa was issued and to determine if they are admissible to Canada. Using 7biometrics strengthens the
integrity of Canada's immigration policy by helping prevent known criminals, failed refugee claims and those
deported in the past from using different identities to obtain visas. 8Biometrics also make legitimate travel easier by
readily confirming identity. Privatization protection is a primary concern for the Government of Canada.
Applicants' Personal information will be used, retained, shared and disposed of according to Canada's privacy
legislation. 9On December 15, 2012, the changes to the immigration and refugee protection system under the
Protecting Canada's Immigration System Act (Bill C-31)10 and the
11
Balanced Refugee Reform Act were
implemented. 12Canada introduces a major reformation to its refugee status determination system to deliver faster
decisions and remove unsuccessful refugee claimants. These reformations include measures to strengthen the
1
Immigration Enforcement. Admissibility to Canada. Paragraph 2nd.
Immigration Enforcement. Admissibility to Canada. Paragraph 3rd.
3
Immigration Enforcement. Admissibility to Canada. Paragraph 3rd.
4
Immigration Enforcement. Admissibility to Canada. Paragraph 4th.
5
Immigration Enforcement. Admissibility to Canada. Paragraph 5th.
6
Immigration Enforcement. Biometrics in Immigration. Paragraph 1st.
7
Immigration Enforcement. Biometrics in Immigration. Paragraph 1st.
8
Immigration Enforcement. Biometrics in Immigration. Paragraph 2nd.
9
Immigration Enforcement. Refugee Reform. Paragraph 1st.
10
Immigration Enforcement. Refugee Reform. Paragraph 1st.
11
Immigration Enforcement. Refugee Reform. Paragraph 1st.
12
Immigration Enforcement. Refugee Reform. Paragraph 2nd.
2
1302
3. BİLSEL INTERNATIONAL AHLAT SCIENTIFIC RESEARCHES CONGRESS
immigration system by reducing identity fraud using biometric data such as fingerprints and photos in the
1
Temporary Resident Program. The new legislation also has taken initiatives to address irregular arrivals and
smuggling. The Balances 2Refugee Reform Act and the 3Protecting Canada's asylum system included enduring
fairness, protecting genuine refugees and upholding Canada's humanitarian tradition. Migration in the Indian
subcontinent is different. 4People from Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, The Islamic Republic of Iran,
Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka have been shaped by major migratory movements in the sub-region and
globally. 5International labour migration has been spared throughout this region as a major labour supplier. The
number of displaced persons and the population of refugees has also increased. The sub-region has been seriously
affected by the pandemic. India accounts for most of both sub-region's infections and deaths, followed by the
Islamic Republic of Iran with nearly 62.6 million cases. It has also been affected in Pakistan and Bangladesh, with
an estimated 7845,833 and 769,160. In most countries, testing has been shallow, raising questions about the
available data's reliability. Migration has been done for many reasons, such as major political events. 8After the
independence of India in 1947, about five million Hindus and Sikhs left Pakistan for India, and about six million
Muslims moved to Pakistan from India. decolonization also triggered large flows from India to the United
Kingdom. After that, many issues have occurred in Southern Asian countries due to the displacement of people.
9
By mid-year 2020, an estimated 13.9 million international migrants resided in the sub-region. Of these, the vast
majority, an estimated 10.9 million, were from within the sub-region. 10Nearly 43.4 million people live in the subregion, with the most emigrants globally.
11
By the end of 2019, southern Asian countries had hosted nearly 3.6
million refugees and asylum seekers. Irregular migration has occurred within southern Asian countries through
smuggling. There are no reliable figures or data, but due to the facilitation of land borders between countries, it has
been easier to migrate to each country.
1
Immigration Enforcement. Refugee Reform. Paragraph 2nd.
2
Immigration Enforcement. Refugee Reform. Paragraph 3rd.
3
Immigration Enforcement. Refugee Reform. Paragraph 3rd.
4
Migration Data in Southern Asia. Paragraph 1st.
5
Migration data in Southern Asia. Past and Present Trends in Migration. Labour Migration. Paragraph 1st.
6
Migration data in Southern Asia. Recent Trends. COVID-19. Paragraph 1st.
7
Migration data in Southern Asia. Recent Trends. COVID-19. Paragraph 1st.
8
Migration data in Southern Asia. Past and Present Trends in Migration. Major Political Events. Paragraph 1st.
9
Migration data in Southern Asia. Recent Trends. Paragraph 3rd.
10
Migration data in Southern Asia. Recent Trends. Paragraph 3rd.
11
Migration data in Southern Asia. Recent Trends. Paragraph 3rd.
1303
3. BİLSEL INTERNATIONAL AHLAT SCIENTIFIC RESEARCHES CONGRESS
Conclusion: The feature question is how immigration policy has been accepted by both federal and local
government and their police system to control immigration. It has been done through coordination, cooperation,
and networking. The United States and Canada have been great examples of the enforcement system in their
immigration program. Millions of people are coming to Canada and the United States, and information about
migrations is needed. Similarly, migration policy has been observed in developing countries in another way. In
southern Asian countries, migration has occurred due to displaced migrants, political issues, natural calamities,
poverty, labour migrants, etc. Therefore, enforcement initiatives have been taken in other areas by South Asian
countries, mainly through India as a regional power and economically advantaged countries in the rest of South
Asian countries. Therefore, enforcement initiatives have been taken in developed countries like the United States
Department of Homeland Security, Citizenship and Immigration Canada, and British Immigration because of
millions of migrants yearly.
On the other hand, it has been taken differently in Southern Asia, especially by India over overseas citizens. The
networking has been made both federal and local, as well as non-governmental services for information about the
locality, the information of illegal people, and so on. It is, therefore, an extensive communication process between
local, regional, and federal departments for the betterment of the system of immigration, as well as for immigrants.
In Canada, the migraine system is evaluated yearly based on occupation demand. Student immigration has changed
a lot as well. Many provincial programs have been paused due to housing and employment problems in the country
and provinces. Immigration has been affected. Therefore, the scenario of the migration policies has been taken
through various ways to regrade its demand, which is citizens' demand due to the security of their everyday lives. A
combined networking process has been crafted for such steps and announcements, benefiting citizens and
immigrants. Intergovernmental activities, including global cooperation between governments such as the Canadian
and the Mexican governments, non-governmental collaboration, and Indian collaboration with South and Southeast
Asian countries, have been possible for implementing the enforcement globally. Therefore, it has not only been
surrendering within countries but also being the border for the arrests of illegal migrants and smugglers. The
development of South Sudan and North Sudan has increased due to many global crises, such as the migration crisis.
COVID-19 was a disaster for more illegal migration for the livelihood due to poverty in developing countries.
Therefore, border security forces worked hard to control this illegal migration, as well as unlawful migrants inside
the countries.
References:
Fact Sheet: DHS Continues to Strengthen Border Security, Reduce Irregular Migration, and Mobilize International
Partnerships
|
Homeland
Security.
(2024,
June
4).
Www.dhs.gov.
1304
3. BİLSEL INTERNATIONAL AHLAT SCIENTIFIC RESEARCHES CONGRESS
https://www.dhs.gov/news/2024/06/04/fact-sheet-dhs-continues-strengthen-border-security-reduceirregular-migration-and
ICE. (2016). ICE. Ice.gov. https://www.ice.gov/
Immigration
Enforcement.
(2018,
December
21).
Www.publicsafety.gc.ca.
https://www.publicsafety.gc.ca/cnt/brdr-strtgs/mmgrtn-nfrcmnt-en.aspx
Immigration, R. and C. C. (2017, November 29). Immigration and citizenship enforcement and violations.
Www.canada.ca. https://www.canada.ca/en/services/immigration-citizenship/enforcement-violations.html
India's immigrant crackdown leaves nearly 2 million in limbo. (2020, February 22). PBS NewsHour.
https://www.pbs.org/newshour/show/indias-immigrant-crackdown-leaves-nearly-2-million-stateless
Migration data in Southern Asia. (n.d.). Migration Data Portal. https://www.migrationdataportal.org/regional-dataoverview/southern-Asia
Figure 1: enforcement and migration cartoon - Search Images (bing.com)
1305
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