S02. #05. The sphinx

Shemu (The Egyptian Society of South Africa) , 2014

2022

The Egyptian kings of the 4th Dynasty have been credited by scholars with the inception and building of the Giza Pyramids and the Great Sphinx. While the dates of these monuments have long been established in mainstream archaeology, there is evidence of an earlier sphinx that suggests the Great Sphinx could have originally been a full lion and later re-carved into what it is today. This alternate theory represents earlier dynastic lion worship that evolved over time and predated Khafre’s rule, thus changing the narrative about his claim on this monument. The shift from lion iconography in pre-dynastic and early Old Kingdom times to sphinx iconography moving forward was born on this plateau. The face of the king on the sphinx is likely still that of Khafre, but evidence presented in this essay suggests he was not the original builder.

Journal of Association of Arab Universities for Tourism and Hospitality

Journal of Association of Arab Universities for Tourism and Hospitality, 2007

1991

This study is the first systematic description of the Great Sphinx of Giza. It is an architectural, archaeological, and geo-archaeological approach, based on five years of field work at the Sphinx between 1979 and 1983. The Sphinx and its site were documented using photogrammetry and conventional surveying techniques. I describe the setting and layout of the site of the Sphinx and review the history of previous research and excavation. The results of eight years of excavation from the 1920s and 30s are documented here for the first time. I review published sources about the history and significance of the Sphinx. I describe the features of the Sphinx and its site on the basis of the field work. This work has lead to the following conclusions: Builders, under the 4th Dynasty pharaoh, Khafre (ca. 2,500 B.C.), quarried a series of terraces and a U-shaped sanctuary for the Sphinx. They extracted the stone in the form of multi-ton core blocks that they used for making the Khafre Valley T...

2023

(ἐπιμέλεια ἔκδοσης Μ. Τυμβίου) Ἡ ἵδρυση τοῦ Κέντρου Ἐπιστημονικῶν Ἐρευνῶν, οἱ θεμελιωτὲς καὶ οἱ πρῶτοι διευθυντές του, (Κέντρο Ἐπιστημονικῶν Ἐρευνῶν. Δημοσιεύματα 65), Λευκωσία 2023, 255-312., 2023

Manajemen proses

Pirandello, 2024