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This essay claims that in a formal model, numerations can be conceived as random (equivalently, pragmatically determined) only if syntactic derivations can enrich them in a highly constrained way, with items from a special lexical component of purely grammatical or “closed class'' items. Items from this subcomponent, the “Grammatical Lexicon”, have precisely the properties (insertion into partly processed grammatical environments, and possible null phonology) which make the otherwise randomly selected numerations “converge'' in well-formed grammatical derivations.
Number is an important aspect of lexical syntax. While there has been substantial research devoted to number agreement at the level of the sentence, relatively less attention has been paid to the representation of number at the level of individual lexical items. In this paper, we propose a representational framework for the lexical syntax of number in spoken word production that we believe can account for much of the data regarding number in noun and noun phrase production. This framework considers the representation of regular and irregular nouns, and more unusual cases such as pluralia tantum (e.g. scissors), zero plurals (e.g. sheep) and mass nouns (e.g. garlic). We not only address bare noun production but also the production of determiner + noun phrases. While focusing on examples from English, we extend the framework to include languages with grammatical gender such as German.
2006
This paper advances the case that linguistics requires a unified theory of number, serviceable to both semantics and morphology, by proving that the morphological concept of augmentation and the semantic concept of cumulation are near logical equivalents. From this emerge an inventory of number features incorporating the categories ‘paucal’ and ‘unit augmented’, a typology of number systems crosslinguistically, and indication of other areas of likely convergence between semantic and morphological research.
Journal of Language Modelling 1.227-241, 2013
The Smith-Stark hierarchy, a version of the Animacy Hierarchy, offers a typology of the cross-linguistic availability of number. The hierarchy predicts that the availability of number is not arbitrary. For any language, if the expression of plural is available to a noun, it is available to any noun of a semantic category further to the left of the hierarchy. In this article we move one step further by showing that the structure of the hierarchy can be observed in a statistical model of number use in Russian. We also investigate three co-variates: plural preference, pluralia tantum and irregularity effects; these account for an item’s behaviour being different than that solely expected from its animacy position.
In Count and Mass Across Languages, Diane Massam (ed.), Oxford: Oxford University Press: 220-237.
Proceedings of the 27th West Coast Conference on …, 2008
Cognitive Neuropsychology, 2020
Guercino. Il mestiere del pittore, catalogo della mostra a cura di A. Bava e G. Spione (Torino, Musei Reali - Sale Chiablese, 23 marzo-28 luglio 2024), Milano 2024, pp. 64-77., 2024
Oltre al confronto con le opere di altri artisti, in bottega o nel contesto di formazione, poteva essere il rapporto diretto con la realtà a ricoprire un ruolo chiave nella crescita di un pittore. Guercino è un osservatore straordinariamente attento, dotato di una spiccata vocazione nell’interpretare la natura e le scene della quotidianità. Alla sua primissima produzione appartengono gli affreschi centesi di Casa Pannini raffiguranti episodi di vita locale realizzati con deciso brio pittorico e cromatico. Egli si cimentò in questo campo con grande passione, seguendo l’attività pionieristica di Annibale e Agostino Carracci, anche se la produzione di paesaggi sembra concentrarsi soprattutto nel periodo della sua attività giovanile. Il Libro dei conti, compilato dal 1629 fino alla morte del Guercino, non registra infatti più quadri di paesaggi: secondo le leggi del mercato, l’incessante richiesta di pale d’altare e di dipinti di storia portano al progressivo esaurimento della produzione di opere di piccolo formato. Per contro, lo straordinario numero di disegni di vedute dei dintorni della città, attesta che la produzione grafica paesaggistica dovette accompagnare l’intero arco della vita di Guercino, dando credito a quello che racconta il suo biografo Cesare Malvasia secondo il quale il pittore disegnava in ogni momento della giornata, anche la sera dopo la cena, quando s’intratteneva con i familiari.
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