Highgate

Highgate
Highgate seen from Parliament Hill
Highgate Location within Greater London
Population	10,955 (2011 Census. Ward) [1]
OS grid reference	TQ285875
Ceremonial county	Greater London
Region	London
Country	England
Sovereign state	United Kingdom
Post town	LONDON
Postcode district	N6, N19
Postcode district	NW5
Dialling code	020
Police	Metropolitan
Fire	London
Ambulance	London
UK Parliament	Hampstead and Highgate Islington North
List of places UK England London 51°34′18″N0°08′41″W / 51.5716°N 0.1448°W / 51.5716; -0.1448

Highgate is a suburban area of London at the northeastern corner of Hampstead Heath, 4+1⁄2 miles (7 kilometres) north-northwest of Charing Cross.

Contents

• Pronunciation
• History
• Governance
• Transport and locale
• Nearest places
• Bus routes
• Nearest tube stations
• Places of interest
• Demography
• Education
• Religion
• 1980s murder
• Notable inhabitants
• Coleridge
• In popular culture
• See also
• References
• External links

Highgate is one of the most expensive London suburbs in which to live. ^[2] It has three active conservation organisations: the Highgate Society, the Highgate Neighbourhood Forum and the Highgate Conservation Area Advisory Committee, to protect and enhance its character and amenities.

Until late Victorian times, it was a distinct village outside London, sitting astride the main road to the north. The area retains many green expanses, including the eastern part of Hampstead Heath, three ancient woods, ^[3] Waterlow Park and the eastern-facing slopes, known as Highgate bowl.

At its centre is Highgate village, largely a collection of Georgian shops, pubs, restaurants and residential streets, ^[4] interspersed with diverse landmarks such as St Michael's Church and steeple, St. Joseph's Church and its green copper dome, Highgate School (1565), Jacksons Lane arts centre, housed in a Grade II listed former church, the Gatehouse Inn, dating from 1670, which houses the theatre Upstairs at the Gatehouse ^[5] and Berthold Lubetkin's 1930s Highpoint buildings. Pond Square, behind the High Street, is a registered village green, and is the centre of communal activities which take place in the elegant buildings of the Highgate Literary and Scientific Institution and Highgate Society facing the Square.

Highgate is best known for the Victorian Highgate Cemetery, in which the Communist philosopher Karl Marx and the novelist George Eliot are buried, along with many other notable people. Adjoining is Holly Village, the first gated community, built in 1865, which is a Grade II* listed site. ^{[6] [7]}

The village is at the top of Highgate Hill, which provides views across central London. Highgate is 136 m (446 ft) above sea level at its highest point. ^[8]

The area is divided among three London boroughs: Haringey in the north and east, Camden in the south and west, and Islington in the south and east. The postal district is N6.

Pronunciation

The name of the village is commonly /ˈhaɪɡeɪt/ . The London Underground in announcements at Highgate tube station ^[9] uses the alternative pronunciation of /ˈhaɪɡɪt/ , where the final syllable matches the last syllable in "frigate".

History

Historically, Highgate adjoined the Bishop of London's hunting estate. Highgate gets its name from these hunting grounds, as there was a high, deer-proof hedge surrounding the estate: 'the gate in the hedge'. ^[10]

The bishop kept a toll-house where one of the main northward roads out of London entered his land. A number of pubs sprang up along the route, one of which, the Gatehouse, commemorates the toll-house.

Hampstead Lane and Highgate Hill contain the red brick Victorian buildings of Highgate School and its adjacent Chapel of St Michael. The school has played a paramount role in the life of the village and has existed on its site since its founding was permitted by letters patent from Queen Elizabeth I in 1565.

The area north of Hampstead Lane and east of the High Street was part of Hornsey parish and also later the Municipal Borough of Hornsey, and the seat of that borough's governing body for many years.

Highgate Hill, the steep street linking Archway (traditionally called part of Upper Holloway) and Highgate village, was the route of the Highgate Hill Cable Tramway, the first cable car to be built in Europe. It operated between 1884 and 1909.

Like much of London, Highgate suffered damage during World War II by German air raids. The local tube station was used as a bomb shelter.

Highgate New Town is a post-war estate adjacent to the cemetery, designed by Camden Council with similarities to the Alexandra Road estate.

Governance

Between 1983 and 2010 Highgate was part of the Hampstead and Highgate constituency. The Boundary Commission report of 2003 recommended removing the Camden part of Highgate from the remainder of that constituency and joining it with Kentish Town and Holborn to the south in order to form an enlarged Holborn and St Pancras constituency from the 2010 general election.

Since 1983 the northern half of Highgate village was part of the Hornsey and Wood Green constituency. Until 2023 the southern half of Highgate was in the Holborn & St Pancras Parliamentary constituency whose MP is Keir Starmer of the Labour Party, the party's current leader. The whole of Highgate Village is now part of the Hampstead and Highgate (UK Parliament constituency).

Transport and locale

Demography

The 2011 census showed that the Highgate ward of Haringey was 82% white (60% British, 19% Other, 3% Irish). 40.9% of the ward were Christian, 7% Jewish and 3.8% Muslim. ^[11]

The Highgate ward of Camden meanwhile was 80% white (61% British, 15% Other, 4% Irish), and 3% Black African. 37.5% of the ward were Christian, 4.2% Jewish, and 5.1% Muslim. ^[12]

Education

Religion

Highgate's main Church of England parish church, St Michael's, is situated close to the summit of the hill, and is the highest church in Greater London. It was built as one of the Commissioners' churches in 1831 and consecrated and opened on 8 November 1832. The architect was Lewis Vulliamy, and in 1831 his original drawings for the church were exhibited at the Royal Academy of Arts. ^[13]

From the late 17th century until 1830 Ashhurst House, the home of former Lord Mayor of London Sir William Ashhurst, stood on the site of the church. The remains of the house's cellar now form part of the church's crypt. ^[13]

The church's spire, built of Bath stone, with a cross of Portland stone, is a landmark on London's northern skyline. ^[13]

Inside, the chancel and choir stalls were done by G. E. Street in 1880. The pulpit dates from 1848. The present bench pews date from 1879, replacing box pews. The present organ is by Hill and Davidson, and was installed in 1885, replacing an earlier instrument of 1842. It was overhauled in 1985. ^[13]

There is a monument to Samuel Taylor Coleridge and his family in the form of a slate slab in the middle of the church. ^[13]

The church was damaged in the Second World War by enemy air raids and the present stained glass window at the east end was installed in 1954, replacing a window broken in the Blitz. It is one of the last works by Evie Hone and depicts the Last Supper. ^[13]

Further down Highgate Hill is the town's Roman Catholic parish church, St Joseph's. It was designed by Albert Vickers, and built in 1888, replacing an earlier, smaller church of 1861. Although St Joseph's Church was opened in 1889 by the Bishop of Liverpool, it was not until 1932, when its debts were cleared, that it was officially consecrated. ^[14]

The church has a distinctive copper dome with a green patina, and the interior of the dome was painted by Nathaniel Westlake in 1891. The organ is by William Hill and Sons, and installed in 1945 as a memorial to the local victims of the Second World War. ^[14]

1980s murder

On Friday 26 August 1988, Michael Williams, a 43-year-old father from Highgate who worked for the Home Office in Pimlico, disappeared while travelling back home after an employee social. His body was found at Highgate Wood the next day. The case remains unsolved despite being featured heavily in the national press and on the BBC's TV programme Crimewatch . ^[15]

Notable inhabitants

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Highgate Cemetery is the burial place of Communist philosopher Karl Marx, Michael Faraday, Douglas Adams, George Eliot, Jacob Bronowski, Sir Ralph Richardson, Dawn Foster, Christina Rossetti, Sir Sidney Nolan, Alexander Litvinenko, Malcolm McLaren, Radclyffe Hall, Joseph Wolf and singer-songwriter George Michael.

• Adjacent to Highgate Cemetery is Holly Lodge Estate, one of only two housing-estates built in the UK for single women; formerly, it was the home and grounds of Baroness Angela Georgina Burdett-Coutts.
• Between 1930 and 1939, the wife and son of Adolf Hitler's half-brother, Alois, lived in Highgate, before moving to the United States. Bridget and Patrick Hitler lived at 26 Priory Gardens. ^[16]
• Leslie Compton, formerly an Arsenal footballer and a Middlesex cricketer, owned a pub in Highgate after he retired from sports.
• Singer George Michael owned an £8 million house in Highgate. ^[17]
• Southend United striker Nile Ranger was born in Highgate.
• Rock star Rod Stewart was born and raised in Highgate.
• Rock star Ray Davies of the Kinks was born and raised in nearby Muswell Hill and lives in Highgate.^{[ citation needed ]}
• Filmmaker Christopher Nolan was raised in Highgate.
• Actor Jude Law lived in Highgate.
• Actor Robert Powell lives in Highgate.
• Comedian Noel Fielding lives in Highgate.
• Singer Liam Gallagher lives in Highgate.
• Comedians Graham Chapman & Terry Jones of Monty Python lived in Highgate.

Many notable alumni have passed through Highgate School, either Masters or indeed Old Cholmeleians, the name given to old boys of the school. These include T.S. Eliot, who taught the poet laureate John Betjeman there, Gerard Manley Hopkins the poet, the composers John Taverner and John Rutter, John Venn the inventor of Venn diagrams, actor Geoffrey Palmer, Anthony Crosland MP and Labour reformer, and the cabinet minister Charles Clarke.

A blue plaque on a house at the top of North Hill notes that Charles Dickens stayed there in 1832, when he was 20 years old.

Peter Sellers lived as a boy in a cottage in Muswell Hill Road, where his mother had moved in order to send him to the Catholic St Aloysius Boys' School in Hornsey Lane.

In Victorian times St Mary Magdalene House of Charity in Highgate was a refuge for former prostitutes—"fallen women"—where Christina Rossetti was a volunteer from 1859 to 1870. It may have inspired her best-known poem, Goblin Market.

Siouxsie and the Banshees' bassist Steven Severin was born and brought up there.

In popular culture

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• Highgate's historic feel—in particular the gothic atmosphere of its cemetery—has provided the backdrop to a considerable number of films, including Hammer Horror films of the 1970s and, more recently, Fantastic Beasts: The Crimes of Grindelwald and Dorian Gray . ^[21]
• The pub tradition of Swearing on the Horns originated in Highgate.
• In Charles Dickens' novel David Copperfield , James Steerforth lives in a house at the top of Highgate West Hill.
• In the BBC sitcom Are You Being Served? , Mr Lucas (played by Trevor Bannister) lives in Highgate.
• Taylor Swift's song "London Boy" from her 2019 album Lover , her boyfriend "took me back to Highgate, met all of his best mates".
• In Robert Galbraith's novel The Ink Black Heart , the central murder occurs in Highgate Cemetery. ^[22]

See also

• Hornsey (parish)
• Municipal Borough of Hornsey

Related Research Articles

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Hornsey is a district of north London, England, in the London Borough of Haringey. It is an inner-suburban, for the most part residential, area centred 10 km (6.2 mi) north of Charing Cross. It adjoins green spaces Queen's Wood to the west and Alexandra Park to the north, and lies in the valley of the now-culverted River Moselle. The central core of the area is known as Hornsey Village.

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Archway is an area of north London, England, in the London Borough of Islington 3.8 miles (6 km) north of Charing Cross. It straddles the A1 and is named after a local landmark, the high, single-arched Highgate Archway Bridge which crossed the road in a cutting to the north. It has a modern commercial hub around Vantage Point and Archway tube station.

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The London Borough of Camden is in percentage terms the second-greenest of the Inner London boroughs. It contains most of the swathe of land Hampstead Heath and many smaller green spaces. The Central London part of the borough, south of Euston Road, is characterised by its elegant garden squares with large instances: Tavistock Square and Bedford Square. In this part runs the Regent's Canal around the top edge of Regent's Park, a little of which is in Camden, including all of associated Primrose Hill. Highgate Cemetery is in Camden but Highgate Wood is in the neighbouring borough of Haringey.

The A1 in London is the southern part of the A1 road. It starts at Aldersgate in the City of London, passing through the capital to Borehamwood on the northern fringe of Greater London, before continuing to Edinburgh. The road travels through the City and three London boroughs: Islington, Haringey and Barnet, which include the districts of Islington, Holloway, Highgate, Hendon and Mill Hill, and travels along Upper Street and Holloway Road, crossing the North Circular Road in Hendon, a district in the London Borough of Barnet.

John Cathles Hill was a property developer and brick manufacturer who was influential in the development of parts of suburban north London.

Hornsey and Friern Barnet is a constituency of the House of Commons in the UK Parliament. Further to the completion of the 2023 Periodic Review of Westminster constituencies, it was first contested at the 2024 general election.

The Gatehouse is a public house in Highgate, London, located at a road junction where Highgate High Street, West Hill, North Hill and Hampstead Lane converge close to Pond Square. It stands on the site of the oldest recorded structure in Highgate Village. A toll road was constructed in the early fourteenth century and an arched gateway was constructed under which all passing had to pay. This gave its name to the area. 

Highgate West Hill is a street in Highgate, London. Located in the London Borough of Camden it runs north to south with Hampstead Heath off to its west and Highgate Cemetery away to the east. A number of streets run off the road including The Grove, Millfield Lane and Hillway. The route dates back to the medieval era.

Highgate High Street is located in Highgate in London. A high street, it provides the main shopping thoroughfare for the settlement at the top of Highgate Hill. It runs downhill from the western end and forms of the longer B519 that includes Highgate Hill towards Archway. At its western end is a crossroads by The Gatehouse pub where it meets Hampstead Lane, Highgate West Hill and North Road. Pond Square, the village green of Highgate, is located nearby. Other roads running off the High Street include Southwood Lane and South Grove. The High Street forms the border between the London Borough of Camden to the south and Haringey to the north, reflecting the historic parish boundaries between Hornsey and St Pancras.

References

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Highgate .

• Highgate Literary and Scientific Institution
• The Highgate Society
• Highgate Neighbourhood Forum
• Comprehensive details about Highgate