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Danh sách sao có độ sáng tuyệt đối lớn nhất

Bách khoa toàn thư mở Wikipedia

Các sao có cấp sao tuyệt đối sáng nhất mà khoa học loài người trên Trái Đất đã quan sát và tính toán được có thể tạm sắp xếp theo danh sách dưới đây.

Danh sách

[sửa | sửa mã nguồn]
Key
Ngân Hà
Đám mây Magellan Lớn
Đám Mây Magellan Nhỏ
Thiên hà Tiên Nữ
Thiên hà Tam Giác
Sao lùn Kinman
Tên sao Độ sáng tuyệt đối
(M☉) 		Cấp sao tuyệt đối Khoảng cách
từ Hệ Mặt Trời
(ly) 		Cấp sao biểu kiến Nhiệt độ hiệu dụng (K)
M33-013406.63 (trong Thiên hà Tam Giác) 9380000 −12.6[1] 2380000 - 3070000 16.1 29,200
R136a1 (trong LMC) 6166000 −12.23 163000 12.23 46000±2500
R136a2 (trong LMC) 5623000 −12.13 160000 12.34 50000
BAT99-98 (AB12 trong LMC) 5000000 −12.0[2] 165000 13.70 45000
G0.238-0.071 5000000 −12.0[3] 26000
Eta Carinae (trong Tinh vân Thuyền Để)[a] 4600000 −12.0[b][4] 7500 −0.8–7.9[5] 9400–35200
HD 38282 (R144 trong LMC)[c] 4500000 −11.9[6] 160000 11.11 47000
R136a3 (trong LMC) 4266000 −11.84 160000 12.97 50000
V4998 Sagittarii (gần Cụm sao Quintuplet) 4000000 −11.7[d][7] 25000 12000
R136c (trong LMC) 3800000 −11.7 160000 12.86 51000
Melnick 42 (trong LMC) 3600000[8] −11.65 160000 12.8 47300
R136a6 (trong LMC) 3311000 −11.56 165000 13.35 53000
Sao Súng Lục 3,300,000 −11.5 25,100 28 11,800
G0.070+0.025 3300000 −11.5[3] 26000
Var A-1 (in M31) 3200000 −11.5[9] 2450000 17.143[10] 20,400–28,100[9]
Sao Mẫu Đơn (WR 102ka) 3200000 −11.5 26,100 25100
VFTS 682 (trong LMC) 3200000 −11.5 160000 16.1 52210±2500
WR 42e 3200000 −11.5[11][e] 25000 14.53 43652
BAT99-33 (R99 trong LMC) 3200000 −11.4[2] 160000 11.45 28000
LSS 4067 3000000 −11.4[12] 8200 11.64 32800
WR 24 (trong Tinh vân Thuyền Để) 2950000 −11.4[13] 8200 6.48 50100
NGC 3603-B 2900000 −11.3[14] 24000 11.33 42000
G0.059-0.068 2880000 −11.4[3] 26000
WR 85 2880000 −11.4[13] 15,300 10.03 50100
Melnick 34 A (BAT99-116 trong LMC) 2690000 −11.3[15] 160000 13.09 (kết hợp) 53000
WR 102hb 2600000 −11.3[16] 26000 25100
WR 102ea 2500000 −11.25[16] 26000 25100
PHL 293B (trong PHL 293B) 2500000 - 3,500,000 −11.2[17] 74,000,000[18] 6,000 - 6,800
BAT99-117 (R146 trong LMC) 2500000 −11.2[2] 160000 13.116
NGC 3603-A1a 2500000 −11.2[14] 24000 11.18 (kết hợp A1a + A1b) 42000
LHO 146 2500000 −11.2 26000 8.7 ~35000
J004444.52 (trong M31) 2400000 -11.2[9] 2550000 7000–18000
WR 25 (trong Tinh vân Thuyền Để)[f] 2400000 −11.2[13] 6800 8.80 50100 / ?
Arches-F6 2300000 −11.1 25000 33900
Arches-F9 2300000 −11.1 25000 36600
Var 83 (trong M33) 2240000 −11.1[19] 3000000 16.40 18000–37000
HD 5980A[g] (trong SMC) 2200000 −11.1[20] 200000 11.7 21000–53000
HD 269810 (trong LMC) 2200000 −11.1[21] 170000 12.28 52500
Cygnus OB2-516 2200000 −11.1 5000 11.84[22]
BAT99-96 (trong LMC) 2200000 −11.1[2] 160000 13.76
R136b (trong LMC) 2188000 −11.1 165000 13.24 35000
WR 89 2140000 −11.1[13] 9400 11.02 39800
G0.058+0.014 2140000 −11.1[3] 26000
LBV 1806-20 2000000 −11.0 28000 18000–32000
Arches-F4 2000000 −11.0 25000 36800
WR 147[h] 2000000 −11.0[13] 2100 14.89 39800
Arches-F7 2000000 −11.0 25000 32900
Arches-F1 2000000 −11.0 25000 33200
WR 22 A (V429 Carinae; trong Tinh vân Thuyền Để) 2000000 −11.0 8200 6.42 44700
AFGL 2298[i] 2000000 −11.25[23] 33000
G0.114+0.021 1950000 −11.0[3] 26000
R136a5 (trong LMC) 1905000[24] −10.95 165000 13.71 46000
R136a8 (trong LMC) 1905000 −10.9 165000 14.42 51000[14]
Cygnus OB2 #12 1900000 −10.9[25] 5000 11.4 13700
WR 31a 1820000 −10.9 26000 10.85 30200
Wray 17-96 1800000 −10.9[26] 15000 17.8 13000
V2180 Cygni (WR 130) 1800000 −10.9[13] 8800 12.14 44700
HD 5980B (trong SMC) 1800000 −10.9[20] 200000 11.9 45000
V4650 Sagittarii 1770000 −10.9[27] 25000 11300
VFTS 506 (trong LMC) 1750000 −10.9[28] 160000 13.31 55000[29]
R136a4 (trong LMC) 1738000[24] −10.85 160000 13.96 48000±58
VFTS 16 (LMC) 1700000 −10.8[28] 160000 13.55
Cygnus OB2 #7 1700000 −10.8 5000 12.7
BAT99-122 (R147 trong LMC) 1700000 −10.7[2] 160000 12.75
AF Andromedae (trong M31) 1600000 −10.8[19] 2500000 17.325[10] 28000
LHO 110 1600000 −10.8[16] 26000 25100
WR 107 1600000 −10.75[13] 13,400 14.1 50100
WR 87 1600000 −10.8[13] 9400 11.95 44700
WR 148 1600000 −10.75[13] 27,100 10.3 39800
Arches-F12 1580000 −10.8 25000 36900
WR 102i 1500000 −10.7[16] 26000 31600
NGC 3603-A1b 1500000 −10.6[14] 24000 11.18 (kết hợp A1a + A1b) 40000
AG Carinae 1500000 −10.3[30] 6000 5.7–9.0 8000–26000
HD 93129A (trong Tinh vân Thuyền Để)[j] 1480000 −11.25 7500 7.310 42500
Arches-F15 1410000 −10.6 25000 35600
WR 131 1400000 −10.6[13] 38,600 12.08 44700
VFTS 621 (trong LMC) 1400000 −10.6[28] 160000 15.39 54000[29]
LHO 100 1400000 −10.6 26000 9.4 35000
S Doradus (trong LMC) 1400000 -10.0 169000 20000
AB8A (in SMC) 1400000 −10.6[20] 200000 12.9 (kết hợp) 141000
WR 66 1400000 −10.6[13] 10,700 11.34 44700
Cygnus OB2-771 1400000 −10.6 5000
R126 (trong LMC) 1400000 −10.6 160000 10.91 22500
V729 Cygni A 1400000 −10.6 5000
BAT99-100 (R134 trong LMC) 1400000 −10.5[2] 160000 12.02 47000[2]
Tr 27-27 1350000 −10.5[12] 8200
R139 A (trong LMC) 1300000 −10.5[31] 160000 12.0 (kết hợp)
V729 Cygni B 1300000 −10.5 5000
HD 50064 1260000 −10.5[32] 9500 8.21 13500
Arches-F3 1260000 −10.5 25000 29600
Arches-F8 1260000 −10.5 25000 32900
AB7A (trong SMC) 1259000 −10.4 197000 13.016 105000
VFTS 259 (trong LMC) 1250000 −10.5[28] 160000 13.65
WR 102d[16] 1200000 −10.4 26000 10.5 35100
LHO 77 1200000 −10.4 26000 9.6 35000
LGGS J004539.99+415404.1 (trong M31) 1,166,440[33] –10.4 2,540,000[34] 4,485
G0.121-0.099 1150000 −10.4[3] 26000
WR 158 1150000 −10.4[13] 26000 11.24 44700
Arches-F18 1120000 −10.4 25000
BAT99-104 (trong LMC) 1100000 −10.4[2] 160000 12.5 63000[2]
Cygnus OB2 #8B 1100000 −10.4 5000 12.7 39200
Cygnus OB2 #10 1100000 −10.4 5000 12.7
Cygnus OB2 #22[h] 1100000 −10.4 5000 12.7
Var B (trong M33) 1100000 −10.4[19] 3000000 16.208[10]
HD 93403A 1050000 10000 7.3 39300
68 Cygni A 1050000 −10.3[35] 4600 4.98–5.09 34000
HD 93250 (trong Tinh vân Thuyền Để) 1039000 −10.3[12] 7500 7.50 46000
BAT99-94 (R135 trong LMC) 1000000 −10.3[36] 160000 14.52 141000[2]
HD 229059 1000000 −10.3[12] 3200[37] 8.70 26300[12]
Arches-F2 1000000 −10.25 25000 33500
BAT99-68 (trong LMC) 1000000 −10.25[2] 160000 12.4 45000[2]
Arches-F14 1000000 −10.25 25000 34500
The following notable stars are kept here for the purpose of comparison.
P Cygni 610000 −9.7 5900 4.8 18700
ζ Puppis 550000–800000 −9.0 1090 2.21 40000–44000
ρ Cassiopeiae ~500000 −9.6 3400 4.1–6.2 5777–7200
Alnilam 389000–832000 −9.2 1300 1.70 27000
RW Cephei 295000 −9.11 11500 6.52 3750–5020
VY Canis Majoris 270000[38] −9.4[39] 3900 6.5–9.6 3490±90
Plaskett's star A 224000 −8.6 6600 6.06 (A + B) 33500±2000
θ1 Orionis C 204000 −8.6 1500 5.13 39000±1000
VV Cephei A 200000 −9.0 4900 4.91 3826
Deneb 196000 −8.38[40] 2600 1.25 8525±75
μ Cephei (the Garnet Star) 135000 −8.09 2090 4.04 3551
Betelgeuse 126000 −8.00[41] 643 0.58 3590
Rigel 120000 −7.84 860 0.12 12100±150
Antares 97000 −7.2 600 0.92 3570
Canopus 15100 −5.53 310 −0.74 6998
Bellatrix 9211 −2.78 250 1.64 22000
Polaris Aa 1260 −3.6 433 1.97 6015
Aldebaran 518 −0.63 65 0.85 3910
Arcturus 170 −0.31 37 −0.04 4286±30
Capella Aa 787 0.4 42 0.08 4970±50
Vega 4012 0.58 25 0.00 9602±180
Sirius A 254 1.4 86 −1.46 9940
α Centauri A 1519 4.38 44 −0.01 5790
Sun (Sol) 100 4.83 0 −26.74 5772
  1. ^ Được xác định là một hệ sao đôi hoặc sao ba. Ngôi sao thứ hai cũng phát sáng khoảng 1 triệu lần Mặt Trời nhưng bị che khuất bởi ngôi sao thứ nhất
  2. ^ −11.92 theo độ sáng
  3. ^ Binary system containing two luminous WNh stars.
  4. ^ −11.77 by luminosity
  5. ^ The paper mistakenly lists the bolometric magnitude as −10.5 instead of −11.5.
  6. ^ 208-day binary
  7. ^ Variable, luminosity was five times higher at outburst in 1994.
  8. ^ a b Đây là một hệ sao đôi nhưng ngôi sao thứ hai kém sáng hơn rất nhiều so với ngôi sao thứ nhất
  9. ^ Độ sáng tối đa khả kiến là Biến quang lam sáng
  10. ^ This is a known binary with two fairly similar components, but the exact details of each star are not clear. Although the luminosity of the two kết hợp is around 2,100,000, the primary is most likely nearer 1,500,000 and the secondary about 600,000.

Tham khảo

[sửa | sửa mã nguồn]
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