Pakistan has a large and dispersed primary public health system that gives citizens access to tra... more Pakistan has a large and dispersed primary public health system that gives citizens access to trained doctors and staff, and to subsidized medicines. However, both the use of these facilities and health outcomes remain low. Improvements in information and communications technology provide exciting opportunities to leverage technology to improve management. This paper presents a detailed qualitative and quantitative study of the institutional context in which such interventions in the public health sector in Punjab would be trialed. We describe the structure and management of primary healthcare facilities, present selected results from a survey of a representative sample of basic health units, and identify some key issues. We also report and discuss officials’ responses to the question of how services might be improved.
The biometric analysis of the testes of adult male of the local breeds of goat is reported. The m... more The biometric analysis of the testes of adult male of the local breeds of goat is reported. The mean length, breadth, thickness and circumference of right testicle with epididymis recorded was 8.42±0.91 cm, 4.58±0.56 cm, 4.19±0.53 cm and 12.53±1.23 cm and those of left testicle with epididymis were 8.44±1.06 cm, 4.62±0.57 cm, 4.24±0.51cm and 12.66±1.32 cm, respectively. The measurement of circumference of left testicle with epididymis were significantly (P < 0.05)higher than those of right testicle with the epididymis. The mean length, breadth, and circumference of right testicle without epididymis were 6.62±0.83 cm, 4.38±0.55 cm, and 12.36±1.16 cm, whereas those of the left testicle without epididymis were 6.65±0.84cm, 4.41±0.56 cm and 12.47±1.18 cm, respectively. The mean weight of right and left testicle without epididymis was 59.36±16.86 g and 60.35±17.16 g, respectively. The breadth, circumference and weight of left testicle without epididymis were significantly (P<0.05) higher than those of right testicle without epididymis. Key words: Biometry, Capra hircus, testicle measurements.
Objective: To compare mesorectal fascia status on histopathological findings with MRI based radio... more Objective: To compare mesorectal fascia status on histopathological findings with MRI based radiological mesorectal fascia status in patients with rectal carcinoma taking histopathology finding as gold standard. Study Design: Analytical study. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Pathology, Shaukat Khanum Memorial Cancer Hospital and Research Centre, Lahore, from January 2011 to April 2012. Methodology: Biopsy proven cases of rectal adenocarcinoma undergoing abdominoperineal resection were included in this study. Microscopic examination of slides was done to determine mesorectal fascia status as involved or otherwise without knowing the results of mesorectal fascia status on MRI. Mesorectal fascia status of MRI was determined by a radiologist who was not aware of the histopathological assessment of mesorectal fascia. Mean and standard deviation was calculated for age. Frequency and percentage were calculated for gender and mesorectal fascia status. 2 x 2 table was generated to...
The current study was carried out to grossly measure the different parts of the epididymis in loc... more The current study was carried out to grossly measure the different parts of the epididymis in local nondescript breed of goat in Pakistan. A total of 100 male goats (body weight 20-40kg, age 1-3 years), slaughtered at different slaughter houses in Hyderabad were included in this study. The epididymis had the following mean measurements: left epididymis-length, breadth and thickness of head, body and tail were 3.49 +/- 0.75, 6.61 +/- 0.72, 1.68-0.26, 1.94 +/- 0.38, 0.5 +/- 40.11, 1.49 +/- 0.22, 0.67 +/- 0.18, 0.25 +/- 0.05, 1.27 +/- 0.20 cm, respectively. The circumference and weight of the tail was 4.78 +/- 0.64 cm and 2.46 +/- 0.91g. The right epididymis length, breadth and thickness of the head, body and tail were 3.49 +/- 0.70, 6.58 +/- 0.70, 1.68 +/- 0.28, 1.94 +/- 0.41, 0.55 +/- 0.12, 1.47 +/- 0.22, 0.67 +/- 0.18, 0.25 +/- 0.05, 1.26 +/- 0.19 cm, whereas circumference and weight, of the tail was 4.76 +/- 0.64 cm and 2.45 +/- 0.92 g, respectively. The current study demonstrated ...
Insecticidal proteins from Bacillus thuringiensis have been exploited to develop insect-resistanc... more Insecticidal proteins from Bacillus thuringiensis have been exploited to develop insect-resistance in crop plants. We are using B. thuringiensis serovar konkukian S4 as a model organism to elucidate the substrate utilization pathways in bacteria. Functional annotation of the putative genes involved in recalcitrant substrate degradation is vital in this context. Genome sequence analyses of the serovar konkukian have shown the presence of a probable chitin deacetylase/xylanase gene named as cda1. The protein sequence of the said gene was retrieved from UniProt database to describe its function using in silico tools. Primary structure analyses show that the protein CDA1 is hydrophobic in nature due to the high content of non- polar amino acid residues. The instability (Ii) and aliphatic indices are computed to be 23.73 and 93.6, respectively by Expasy’s ProtParam that classify the protein as stable for a wide range of temperatures. Secondary structure analyses predicted that CDA1 has p...
Key words: Aspergillus niger DNA ITS region Ochratoxin A PCR Black Aspergilli are second most imp... more Key words: Aspergillus niger DNA ITS region Ochratoxin A PCR Black Aspergilli are second most important cause of contamination of poultry feed and their by-products with ochratoxin-A after Aspergillus ochraceous in Pakistan. A total of 23 black Aspergilli were isolated from poultry feeds. Of these black Aspergilli samples, 12 (52.17%) were toxigenic (Ochratoxin A). A PCR based molecular method of cloning and sequencing of ITS (internal transcribed spacer) regions of fungal DNA was developed to identify these fungi. A universal pair of primers (ITS1 and ITS4) was used and PCR product (600 bp) for A. niger was amplified. These specific universal primers of ITS region were tested for twelve DNA samples of different isolates of Aspergillus species isolated from poultry feeds. The sequencing of ITS-region provided a powerful and reliable tool for identification of black Aspergilli responsible for the production of ochratoxin-A in poultry feed., 2012. Molecular identification of black Asp...
We previously reported that importin 13 (IPO13), a member of the importin-β family of nuclear imp... more We previously reported that importin 13 (IPO13), a member of the importin-β family of nuclear import proteins, regulates nuclear import of the glucocorticoid receptor in airway epithelial cells, IPO13 serves as a potential marker for corneal epithelial progenitor cells, and IPO13 is associated with corneal cell proliferation. Here we investigated the role of IPO13 in the pathogenesis of pterygium and the underlying mechanism including interaction with other cell proliferation-related factors: keratin 17 (K17), a lesional protein and a member of the type I keratins, and c-Jun, a protein of the activator protein-1 complex. Tissue samples were collected from primary pterygia, recurrent pterygia, and normal conjunctiva to perform the following experiments: immunohistochemical measurement of IPO13 and K17. Pterygium epithelial cells (PECs) were cultured in keratinocyte serum-free defined medium to examine the expression of IPO13 and K17. Lentivirus-mediated silencing and overexpression I...
Pakistan has a large and dispersed primary public health system that gives citizens access to tra... more Pakistan has a large and dispersed primary public health system that gives citizens access to trained doctors and staff, and to subsidized medicines. However, both the use of these facilities and health outcomes remain low. Improvements in information and communications technology provide exciting opportunities to leverage technology to improve management. This paper presents a detailed qualitative and quantitative study of the institutional context in which such interventions in the public health sector in Punjab would be trialed. We describe the structure and management of primary healthcare facilities, present selected results from a survey of a representative sample of basic health units, and identify some key issues. We also report and discuss officials’ responses to the question of how services might be improved.
The biometric analysis of the testes of adult male of the local breeds of goat is reported. The m... more The biometric analysis of the testes of adult male of the local breeds of goat is reported. The mean length, breadth, thickness and circumference of right testicle with epididymis recorded was 8.42±0.91 cm, 4.58±0.56 cm, 4.19±0.53 cm and 12.53±1.23 cm and those of left testicle with epididymis were 8.44±1.06 cm, 4.62±0.57 cm, 4.24±0.51cm and 12.66±1.32 cm, respectively. The measurement of circumference of left testicle with epididymis were significantly (P < 0.05)higher than those of right testicle with the epididymis. The mean length, breadth, and circumference of right testicle without epididymis were 6.62±0.83 cm, 4.38±0.55 cm, and 12.36±1.16 cm, whereas those of the left testicle without epididymis were 6.65±0.84cm, 4.41±0.56 cm and 12.47±1.18 cm, respectively. The mean weight of right and left testicle without epididymis was 59.36±16.86 g and 60.35±17.16 g, respectively. The breadth, circumference and weight of left testicle without epididymis were significantly (P<0.05) higher than those of right testicle without epididymis. Key words: Biometry, Capra hircus, testicle measurements.
Objective: To compare mesorectal fascia status on histopathological findings with MRI based radio... more Objective: To compare mesorectal fascia status on histopathological findings with MRI based radiological mesorectal fascia status in patients with rectal carcinoma taking histopathology finding as gold standard. Study Design: Analytical study. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Pathology, Shaukat Khanum Memorial Cancer Hospital and Research Centre, Lahore, from January 2011 to April 2012. Methodology: Biopsy proven cases of rectal adenocarcinoma undergoing abdominoperineal resection were included in this study. Microscopic examination of slides was done to determine mesorectal fascia status as involved or otherwise without knowing the results of mesorectal fascia status on MRI. Mesorectal fascia status of MRI was determined by a radiologist who was not aware of the histopathological assessment of mesorectal fascia. Mean and standard deviation was calculated for age. Frequency and percentage were calculated for gender and mesorectal fascia status. 2 x 2 table was generated to...
The current study was carried out to grossly measure the different parts of the epididymis in loc... more The current study was carried out to grossly measure the different parts of the epididymis in local nondescript breed of goat in Pakistan. A total of 100 male goats (body weight 20-40kg, age 1-3 years), slaughtered at different slaughter houses in Hyderabad were included in this study. The epididymis had the following mean measurements: left epididymis-length, breadth and thickness of head, body and tail were 3.49 +/- 0.75, 6.61 +/- 0.72, 1.68-0.26, 1.94 +/- 0.38, 0.5 +/- 40.11, 1.49 +/- 0.22, 0.67 +/- 0.18, 0.25 +/- 0.05, 1.27 +/- 0.20 cm, respectively. The circumference and weight of the tail was 4.78 +/- 0.64 cm and 2.46 +/- 0.91g. The right epididymis length, breadth and thickness of the head, body and tail were 3.49 +/- 0.70, 6.58 +/- 0.70, 1.68 +/- 0.28, 1.94 +/- 0.41, 0.55 +/- 0.12, 1.47 +/- 0.22, 0.67 +/- 0.18, 0.25 +/- 0.05, 1.26 +/- 0.19 cm, whereas circumference and weight, of the tail was 4.76 +/- 0.64 cm and 2.45 +/- 0.92 g, respectively. The current study demonstrated ...
Insecticidal proteins from Bacillus thuringiensis have been exploited to develop insect-resistanc... more Insecticidal proteins from Bacillus thuringiensis have been exploited to develop insect-resistance in crop plants. We are using B. thuringiensis serovar konkukian S4 as a model organism to elucidate the substrate utilization pathways in bacteria. Functional annotation of the putative genes involved in recalcitrant substrate degradation is vital in this context. Genome sequence analyses of the serovar konkukian have shown the presence of a probable chitin deacetylase/xylanase gene named as cda1. The protein sequence of the said gene was retrieved from UniProt database to describe its function using in silico tools. Primary structure analyses show that the protein CDA1 is hydrophobic in nature due to the high content of non- polar amino acid residues. The instability (Ii) and aliphatic indices are computed to be 23.73 and 93.6, respectively by Expasy’s ProtParam that classify the protein as stable for a wide range of temperatures. Secondary structure analyses predicted that CDA1 has p...
Key words: Aspergillus niger DNA ITS region Ochratoxin A PCR Black Aspergilli are second most imp... more Key words: Aspergillus niger DNA ITS region Ochratoxin A PCR Black Aspergilli are second most important cause of contamination of poultry feed and their by-products with ochratoxin-A after Aspergillus ochraceous in Pakistan. A total of 23 black Aspergilli were isolated from poultry feeds. Of these black Aspergilli samples, 12 (52.17%) were toxigenic (Ochratoxin A). A PCR based molecular method of cloning and sequencing of ITS (internal transcribed spacer) regions of fungal DNA was developed to identify these fungi. A universal pair of primers (ITS1 and ITS4) was used and PCR product (600 bp) for A. niger was amplified. These specific universal primers of ITS region were tested for twelve DNA samples of different isolates of Aspergillus species isolated from poultry feeds. The sequencing of ITS-region provided a powerful and reliable tool for identification of black Aspergilli responsible for the production of ochratoxin-A in poultry feed., 2012. Molecular identification of black Asp...
We previously reported that importin 13 (IPO13), a member of the importin-β family of nuclear imp... more We previously reported that importin 13 (IPO13), a member of the importin-β family of nuclear import proteins, regulates nuclear import of the glucocorticoid receptor in airway epithelial cells, IPO13 serves as a potential marker for corneal epithelial progenitor cells, and IPO13 is associated with corneal cell proliferation. Here we investigated the role of IPO13 in the pathogenesis of pterygium and the underlying mechanism including interaction with other cell proliferation-related factors: keratin 17 (K17), a lesional protein and a member of the type I keratins, and c-Jun, a protein of the activator protein-1 complex. Tissue samples were collected from primary pterygia, recurrent pterygia, and normal conjunctiva to perform the following experiments: immunohistochemical measurement of IPO13 and K17. Pterygium epithelial cells (PECs) were cultured in keratinocyte serum-free defined medium to examine the expression of IPO13 and K17. Lentivirus-mediated silencing and overexpression I...
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