Papers by Francisco Tortosa
Traffic Psychology Today, 2001
Chapter 2 TRANSPORT PSYCHOLOGY IN EUROPE: A HISTORICAL APPROACH Pierre-Emmanuel Barjonet, Europea... more Chapter 2 TRANSPORT PSYCHOLOGY IN EUROPE: A HISTORICAL APPROACH Pierre-Emmanuel Barjonet, European Association of Transport Psychologists, France Francisco Tortosa, INTRAS, Institute for Traffic Safety Research, Spain 1. INTRODUCTION This chapter ...
En este articulo se intenta ofrecer una panorámica del estado actual de la psicología aplicada al... more En este articulo se intenta ofrecer una panorámica del estado actual de la psicología aplicada al ámbito del trafico y la seguridad vial, a partir de una revisión documental del periodo comprendido entre el año 1972 y 1992. Para ello se aplicará la metodologia bibliométrica, prestándose especial atención al estudio de tres dimensiones básicas: los investigadores y los grupos de investigación; los medios de comunicación a través de los que se defienden las investigaciones; y los temas de la investigación. Se han considerado específicamente los indicadores de productividad individual y grupal, la colaboración entre investigadores, la red de revistas, los temas dominantes en la investigación y la información comunicada. Como fuente para dicha revisión y análisis se ha tomado Psyclit.
This paper aims to offer an overview of the current involvement of psychology in the area of traffic and road safety by means o f a documentary review of the period between 1972 and 1992. Particular attention is paid to three basic dimensions: researchers and research groups; the media-how and where researchers' studies have been published: and the subjects of research. The paper examines indicators of individual and group productivity, collaboration between researchers, publication networks and predominant subjects in research. Psyclit is used as the source of this review and analysis.
Background: Some psychotropic medications (e.g., benzodiazepines, sedative antidepressants, etc.)... more Background: Some psychotropic medications (e.g., benzodiazepines, sedative antidepressants, etc.) may impair cognitive and psychomotor functions and, therefore, endanger traffic safety (Ravera, Br J Clin Pharmacol, 72(3):505–513, 2011). They affect detection, registration, and information processing, problem solving, and decision-making processes, and they also affect emotional and social aspects. The objective of this research was to clarify three closely related issues that are significant for traffic safety: the prevalence of psychotropic drugs on driving, the most frequently used psychotropic drugs to treat depression, anxiety, insomnia, or any tranquilizers (whether it is a medical prescription or self-medication), and finally, provide a further understanding of the socio-demographic and psycho-social characteristics of drivers related to the psychotropic drugs consumption in Spain.
Methods: A sample of 1,200 Spanish drivers ranging from 18 to 64 years was used, 666 men and 534 women were asked to answer a questionnaire composed by a set of questions structured in different sections. The only selection criteria were to be in possession of any type of driving license for vehicles other than motorcycles and drive frequently.
Results: The results showed that 15% of the participants were consuming psychotropic drugs to treat depressive disorders, anxiety disorders, insomnia, or tranquilizers; 13.5% were using drugs to treat one of these disorders; while 1.5% used them for several of these disorders. A 2.5% of drivers were using medicines to treat depression, 2.6% to treat anxiety, and 3.7% to treat insomnia. The 8.3% of those drivers who were not using any drugs to treat these three disorders were occasionally using some type of tranquilizers. Benzodiazepines and selective serotonin reuptake
inhibitors (SSRIs) were the most used type of medicines among drivers. Benzodiazepines were the most used medicines to treat anxiety, while SSRIs were the most used to treat depression, 56.5% and 43.5%, respectively.
Conclusions: Measures can be developed to reduce traffic accidents caused by the effects of these drugs; however, this will only be possible once the drivers and the use of these drugs are understood. Health care professionals and patients should be properly informed about the potential effects of some psychotropic medications on driving abilities considering individual and group differences.
Revista De Historia De La Psicologia, 1984
APA PsycNET Our Apologies! - The following features are not available with your current Browser c... more APA PsycNET Our Apologies! - The following features are not available with your current Browser configuration. - alerts user that their session is about to expire - display, print, save, export, and email selected records - get My ...
Revista De Historia De La Psicologia, 1985
APA PsycNET Our Apologies! - The following features are not available with your current Browser c... more APA PsycNET Our Apologies! - The following features are not available with your current Browser configuration. - alerts user that their session is about to expire - display, print, save, export, and email selected records - get My ...
Revista De Historia De La Psicologia, 1989
Revista De Historia De La Psicologia, 1987
Biblioteca de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Base de datos de artículos de revistas, ...
Actas Del V Congreso De La Sociedad Espanola De Historia De Las Ciencias Y De Las Tecnicas Murcia 1989 Vol 2 1991 Isbn 84 7665 818 4 Pags 833 845, 1991
Las preferencias raciales expresadas explícitamente pueden carecer de información que sea complet... more Las preferencias raciales expresadas explícitamente pueden carecer de información que sea completa en su contenido, ya sea porque las personas prefieren no expresar sus actitudes per se o tal vez porque no estén al tanto de ellas. El Implicit Association Test (IAT), desarrollado por Greenwald, Banaji y Nosek, evalúa las preferencias implícitas de las personas a través de una plataforma de internet. Demuestra que cuando una persona expresa una preferencia en particular, es posible que no conciba que esa actitud tenga un componente inconsciente y que pueda modificarla. Se obtuvieron 235
sujetos que respondieron a la prueba de preferencia implícita de raza (negra y blanca), a través del portal de internet del IAT. Los resultados indican que hay una preferencia explícita hacia personas blancas sobre las personas de color, y que la preferencia implícita es de mayor intensidad que la explícita, en el mismo sentido.
Psicothema, 2003
Se ha achacado en muchas ocasiones al Jurado incapacidad, ineptitud y falta de preparación para e... more Se ha achacado en muchas ocasiones al Jurado incapacidad, ineptitud y falta de preparación para ejercer la función que le es encomendada como miembro del aparato judicial. Es decir, se le ha señalado como incompetente. Sin embargo, la investigación sistemática ...
Ethology Ecology & Evolution, 2008
British Poultry Science, 2004
1. Haematological and plasma biochemical parameters of 66 captive red-legged partridges (Alectori... more 1. Haematological and plasma biochemical parameters of 66 captive red-legged partridges (Alectoris rufa) of both sexes were analysed in order to determine reference values, taking sex and age into account. 2. There were no statistically significant differences in haematocrit, plasma glucose content or creatine kinase activity either with age or between sexes. 3. Plasma cholesterol concentrations showed differences between sexes, whereas the plasma concentrations of urea, uric acid and creatinine were significantly affected by age. 4. Plasma triglyceride and total protein concentrations were affected by both sex and age. 5. A peak at 6 months old in those parameters related to protein metabolism, such as urea, uric acid and creatinine may be related to the end of the growing period and the start of ovulation after moulting.
... Una controversia interminable Francisco Tortosa*, Universidad de Valencia Héctor González-Ord... more ... Una controversia interminable Francisco Tortosa*, Universidad de Valencia Héctor González-Ordi** y Juan José Miguel-Tobal** Universidad Complutense de Madrid Resumen: La investigación sobre las características subya-centes del proceso hipnótico se ha caracterizado ...
El objetivo de esta investigación es estudiar la relación entre la agresividad, el estrés, y la a... more El objetivo de esta investigación es estudiar la relación entre la agresividad, el estrés, y la accidentalidad en el tránsito vehicular de la ciudad de Cuernavaca, Morelos. Se utilizan dos escalas validadas previamente con el fin de poder evaluar el Estrés y la Agresividad de los conductores. Adicionalmente, se redactó un inventario que pretende evaluar la accidentalidad vial y algunas de sus particularidades. Se encuentra que la agresividad es un fenómeno complejo desde un punto de vista psicosocial, dado que los conductores que no son considerados como agresivos presentan indicadores estadísticos diferentes a aquellos que sí lo son. Adicionalmente se observa una prevalencia de accidentalidad, y una normalización de la agresividad en el comportamiento vial. Se concluye que los accidentes de tránsito reflejan una problemática de naturaleza psicosocial, dado que la relación entre la agresividad y la accidentalidad no es lineal, sino que parece producirse como manifestación de otros f...
Revista de historia de la psicología
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Papers by Francisco Tortosa
This paper aims to offer an overview of the current involvement of psychology in the area of traffic and road safety by means o f a documentary review of the period between 1972 and 1992. Particular attention is paid to three basic dimensions: researchers and research groups; the media-how and where researchers' studies have been published: and the subjects of research. The paper examines indicators of individual and group productivity, collaboration between researchers, publication networks and predominant subjects in research. Psyclit is used as the source of this review and analysis.
Methods: A sample of 1,200 Spanish drivers ranging from 18 to 64 years was used, 666 men and 534 women were asked to answer a questionnaire composed by a set of questions structured in different sections. The only selection criteria were to be in possession of any type of driving license for vehicles other than motorcycles and drive frequently.
Results: The results showed that 15% of the participants were consuming psychotropic drugs to treat depressive disorders, anxiety disorders, insomnia, or tranquilizers; 13.5% were using drugs to treat one of these disorders; while 1.5% used them for several of these disorders. A 2.5% of drivers were using medicines to treat depression, 2.6% to treat anxiety, and 3.7% to treat insomnia. The 8.3% of those drivers who were not using any drugs to treat these three disorders were occasionally using some type of tranquilizers. Benzodiazepines and selective serotonin reuptake
inhibitors (SSRIs) were the most used type of medicines among drivers. Benzodiazepines were the most used medicines to treat anxiety, while SSRIs were the most used to treat depression, 56.5% and 43.5%, respectively.
Conclusions: Measures can be developed to reduce traffic accidents caused by the effects of these drugs; however, this will only be possible once the drivers and the use of these drugs are understood. Health care professionals and patients should be properly informed about the potential effects of some psychotropic medications on driving abilities considering individual and group differences.
sujetos que respondieron a la prueba de preferencia implícita de raza (negra y blanca), a través del portal de internet del IAT. Los resultados indican que hay una preferencia explícita hacia personas blancas sobre las personas de color, y que la preferencia implícita es de mayor intensidad que la explícita, en el mismo sentido.
This paper aims to offer an overview of the current involvement of psychology in the area of traffic and road safety by means o f a documentary review of the period between 1972 and 1992. Particular attention is paid to three basic dimensions: researchers and research groups; the media-how and where researchers' studies have been published: and the subjects of research. The paper examines indicators of individual and group productivity, collaboration between researchers, publication networks and predominant subjects in research. Psyclit is used as the source of this review and analysis.
Methods: A sample of 1,200 Spanish drivers ranging from 18 to 64 years was used, 666 men and 534 women were asked to answer a questionnaire composed by a set of questions structured in different sections. The only selection criteria were to be in possession of any type of driving license for vehicles other than motorcycles and drive frequently.
Results: The results showed that 15% of the participants were consuming psychotropic drugs to treat depressive disorders, anxiety disorders, insomnia, or tranquilizers; 13.5% were using drugs to treat one of these disorders; while 1.5% used them for several of these disorders. A 2.5% of drivers were using medicines to treat depression, 2.6% to treat anxiety, and 3.7% to treat insomnia. The 8.3% of those drivers who were not using any drugs to treat these three disorders were occasionally using some type of tranquilizers. Benzodiazepines and selective serotonin reuptake
inhibitors (SSRIs) were the most used type of medicines among drivers. Benzodiazepines were the most used medicines to treat anxiety, while SSRIs were the most used to treat depression, 56.5% and 43.5%, respectively.
Conclusions: Measures can be developed to reduce traffic accidents caused by the effects of these drugs; however, this will only be possible once the drivers and the use of these drugs are understood. Health care professionals and patients should be properly informed about the potential effects of some psychotropic medications on driving abilities considering individual and group differences.
sujetos que respondieron a la prueba de preferencia implícita de raza (negra y blanca), a través del portal de internet del IAT. Los resultados indican que hay una preferencia explícita hacia personas blancas sobre las personas de color, y que la preferencia implícita es de mayor intensidad que la explícita, en el mismo sentido.
Cuando conducimos seguimos una tendencia consistente en que la respuesta agresiva se convierta en habitual cada vez que sucede un acontecimiento "desagradable" para el conductor. Estos comportamientos adquieren mayor trascendencia porque, según nos muestran también otros estudios, provocan accidentes de tráfico.
En este proyecto se han realizado una serie de búsquedas documentales en distintas y numerosas bases de datos. Para ello, se han utilizado los necesarios “perfiles de búsqueda” (acotamientos incluidos). A los resultados de dichas búsquedas se han calculado diferentes índices de referencia como los de productividad (Bradfor y Lotka), cohesión, dispersión, etc., para finalmente trabajar más de doscientos productos científicos originales (la mayoría artículos procedentes de revistas con jueces) sobre los que se ha practicado un análisis de contenidos.
La agresividad en la conducción, desde el punto de la investigación, no es un tema fácil. Por el contrario plantea dificultades como son la propia conceptualización de agresividad en la conducción, la disparidad de metodologías que existen para estudiar este fenómeno con sus correspondientes aspectos negativos asociados y las dificultades que entraña desde el punto de vista de la intervención (especialmente desde la norma y el correspondiente sistema sancionador), entre otras.
En esta revisión hemos obtenido muchas respuestas a cuestiones clave que desconocíamos. El por qué del comportamiento agresivo, los factores que tienden a potenciarlo, etc. Cuestiones todas ellas claves si pensamos desde un marco de utilidad práctica
While the use of bicycles as mean of transport is growing worldwide, the increasing rates of traffic crashes involving cyclists have turned into a relevant scientific, public health, and road safety concern. According to several studies, and despite the fact that some countries are taking part in preventive actions, the data indicate that the problem of cycling injuries implies high costs for the community welfare, for the economy, and for healthcare systems, thus proving a clear need for solutions. In this regard, and considering the available empirical evidence, risky and positive riding behaviors have gained significant weight in terms of explaining, intervening in, and preventing traffic crashes of cyclists, and some evidence suggests that gender may influence the road behavior of users.
OBJECTIVE:
The objective of this study was to examine the effect of gender on cyclists' risky and positive riding behavior, considering a set of demographic, psychosocial and bike-use-related variables as potential predictors.
METHOD:
For this cross-sectional study, data from 1064 cyclists (61.2% males and 38.8% females, aged between 17 and 80) from 20 countries, responding an electronic survey, were analyzed through a multi-group structural equation modeling approach.
RESULTS:
Although hourly intensity, psychological distress and level of knowledge of traffic rules similarly predict the risky road behaviors of both genders, age and risk perception are significant behavioral predictors only in the case of male cyclists. On the other hand, positive behaviors of men are predicted by cycling intensity, knowledge of traffic rules and risk perception, while in the case of women psychological distress predicts -to a significant extent- positive behaviors. Age had no significant effect on the explanation of positive behaviors.
CONCLUSION:
The findings of this study support the influence of gender in the statistical explanation of risky and protective behaviors, and they also reveal differentiating variables predicting the riding behavior of male and female cyclists.