Mantha Zarmakoupi
DPhil in Classical Archaeology, University of Oxford;
MSt in Classical Archaeology, University of Oxford;
MDesS in History and Theory of Architecture, Harvard University;
BA/MA in Architectural Engineering, National Technical University of Athens.
Research Fellowships:
Princeton University, Institute for Advanced Study, Member;
National Hellenic Research Foundation. Institute of Historical Research, Marie Curie Intra-European Fellow;
Harvard Center for Hellenic Studies, Research Fellow;
Getty Research Institute, Getty Scholar;
Universität zu Köln, Archäologisches Institut, Humboldt Postdoctoral Research Fellow;
NYU Institute for the Study of the Ancient World, Visiting Scholar;
Freie Universität Berlin, TOPOI Research Fellow.
MSt in Classical Archaeology, University of Oxford;
MDesS in History and Theory of Architecture, Harvard University;
BA/MA in Architectural Engineering, National Technical University of Athens.
Research Fellowships:
Princeton University, Institute for Advanced Study, Member;
National Hellenic Research Foundation. Institute of Historical Research, Marie Curie Intra-European Fellow;
Harvard Center for Hellenic Studies, Research Fellow;
Getty Research Institute, Getty Scholar;
Universität zu Köln, Archäologisches Institut, Humboldt Postdoctoral Research Fellow;
NYU Institute for the Study of the Ancient World, Visiting Scholar;
Freie Universität Berlin, TOPOI Research Fellow.
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Books by Mantha Zarmakoupi
Edited Books by Mantha Zarmakoupi
The Delos Symposia and Doxiadis offers the first comprehensive appraisal of the history and legacy of these meetings. It explores their ideals, how they fed into Doxiadis’s urban planning projects, as well as their relevance for contemporary debates on ecology and design. Staying true to the multidisciplinary nature of the Symposia, the book bridges archaeology, classics, architecture, sociology, geography, psychology, anthropology, as well as postcolonial and environmental studies.
This volume brings together papers delivered by experts in various fields addressing the cultural significance of this ancient site in its contemporary Roman context as well as its cultural reception from its discovery over two hundred and fifty years ago to the most recent excavations in the late twentieth century. They also explore the ways in which digital archaeology can assist our efforts to understand and investigate ancient sites. Topics treated include the Villa’s architecture, decoration, and content (i.e., wall-paintings, sculptures, and papyri); their reception since the 18th century; and the current state of knowledge based on the recent partial excavations in the Villa, presented here in English for the first time. Furthermore, the use of digital models of the Villa that incorporate the data from the new excavations and a discussion on the ways in which such models may be used for educational and research purposes are also presented.
Edited Journals by Mantha Zarmakoupi
Ξεκινάμε με την Συνέντευξη του Jean-Charles Moretti, Διευθυντή Έρευνας στο Εθνικό Ίδρυμα Ερευνών στη Γαλλία (CNRS) και διευθυντή ανασκαφών στη Δήλο, ο οποίος μας αποκαλύπτει την πολύπλευρη δράση του στο χώρο της αρχαίας αρχιτεκτονικής.
Στην ενότητα Ελλάδα εκτός Ελλάδας παρουσιάζουμε τον αρχαιολογικό χώρο της Τέω της Τουρκίας, μιας Ιωνικής πόλης στα δυτικά παράλια της Μικράς Ασίας. Οι ανασκαφές τα τελευταία 13 χρόνια υπό τον Musa Kadıoğlu (Πανεπιστήμιο της Άγκυρας) έχουν προσφέρει σημαντικά στοιχεία για την αρχιτεκτονική αυτής της πόλης, συμπεριλαμβανομένου του ναού του Διονύσου τον οποίο μας λέει ο Βιτρούβιος ότι σχεδίασε ο Ερμογένης κατά την ελληνιστική περίοδο.
Στην ενότητα Αρχαιολογικός Χώρος η Μάνθα Ζαρμακούπη παρουσιάζει το διευρυμένο οικοδομικό πρόγραμμα του Αδριανού στην Αθήνα. Αναλύει τον τρόπο με τον οποίο τα Αδριανικά κτήρια οικειοποιήθηκαν το λεξιλόγιο της κλασικής αρχιτεκτονικής, από τη μια πλευρά, και μετασχημάτισαν το αθηναϊκό τοπίο, από την άλλη. Αναδεικνύονται λοιπόν οι τρόποι με τους οποίους οικειοποιήθηκε ο Αδριανός την κλασική ελληνική αρχιτεκτονική παράδοση στο κέντρο γένεσης αυτής.
Στο Πρώτο άρθρο η Βασιλεία Μανιδάκη εξετάζει την οικοδομική σύνθεση της ιωνικής ζωφόρου όπως επίσης και την δομή και οικοδόμηση του Σηκού του Παρθενώνα για να προτείνει την ύπαρξη εσωτερικής ζωφόρου, η οποία είναι πιθανόν ότι ήταν διακοσμημένη. Αναλύει την φωτεινότητα του εσωτερικού του σηκού και εξετάζει την πιθανότητα ότι ο φωτισμός των πλάγιων κλιτών μέσω δύο παραθύρων στον ανατολικό τοίχο, τα οποία βρίσκονταν πάνω από 7 μέτρα πάνω από το δάπεδο, εξυπηρετούσε την ανάδειξη των ανάγλυφων μορφών της προτεινόμενης διακοσμημένης ζωφόρου.
Στο Δεύτερο άρθρο ο Γιάννης Κουρτζέλλης επικεντρώνεται στον ψευδοδίπτερο ιωνικό διπλό «ἐν παραστάσι» ναό στο ιερό του Μέσσου στην Μυτιλήνη—ο οποίος αποτελεί το αρχαιότερο παράδειγμα εφαρμογής της ψευδοδίπτερης κάτοψης σε ιωνικούς ναούς και το μοναδικό μνημείο με πραγματική ψευδοδίπτερη κάτοψη στον σημερινό ελλαδικό χώρο—για να αναδείξει τους τρόπους με τους οποίους τροποποιήθηκε η μορφή και ο σχεδιασμός του κλασικού ιωνικού ναού στην υστεροκλασική περίοδο. Ο Βιτρούβιος αναφέρει ότι εφευρέτης της ψευδοδίπτερης κάτοψης υπήρξε ο Ερμογένης, ο οποίος όμως εργάστηκε στα τέλη του 3ου – αρχές του 2ου αι. π.Χ., και ο ναός του Μέσσου έχει χρονολογηθεί από τις αρχές του 4ου αι. π.Χ. έως και την εποχή του Ερμογένη.
Στο Τρίτο άρθρο η Ιουλία Καούρα παρουσιάζει μία νέα ανασύσταση της οικοδομικής ιστορίας του Τελεστηρίου της Ελευσίνας κατά τον 6ο και 5ο αι. π.Χ.—το οποίο αποτελεί τον κύριο ναό του Ιερού της Δήμητρας και της Κόρης και στο εσωτερικό του οποίου λάμβανε χώρα κάθε χρόνο η κεντρική τελετή των περίφημων Μυστηρίων. Η νέα αυτή ανασύσταση της οικοδομικής ιστορίας του Τελεστηρίου διαλευκάνει τις κατασκευαστικές πρακτικές που εφαρμόστηκαν έτσι ώστε να εξασφαλιστεί η τέλεση της λατρείας κατά τη διάρκεια εντατικής οικοδομικής δραστηριότητας στην Ελευσίνα. Ενώ η πρακτική που διαπιστώνεται στο Τελεστήριο είναι μάλλον μία ειδική περίπτωση στο σύνολό της—οφειλόμενη στο μέγεθος του κτηρίου—η ανάλυση της Ιουλίας Καούρα προτείνει μια νέα μεθοδολογική προσέγγιση στην αρχιτεκτονική των ελληνικών ιερών με την οποία εξετάζονται οι τρόποι με τους οποίους συμβιβαζόταν η λατρευτική πράξη με την ενίοτε εντατική οικοδομική δραστηριότητα.
Στο Τέταρτο άρθρο ο Chavdar Tzochev εξετάζει την αρχιτεκτονική του τύμβου Σταροζέλ στους πρόποδες του βουνού Σρέντνα Γκόρα, περίπου 200 χιλιόμετρα βόρεια των ακτών του Αιγαίου, στη Βουλγαρία. Ο τάφος του Σταροσέλ αποτελεί έναν από τους πολλούς που κατασκευάστηκαν στη Θράκη κατά τα τέλη του 4ου-αρχές του 3ου αιώνα π.Χ. και ενώ ανήκει σε μια ομάδα θολωτών τάφων, τυπικών στη περιοχή αυτή, είναι το πρώτο θρακικό μνημείο που προσφέρει τόσο σαφή εικόνα της διαδικασίας υβριδισμού οικοδομικών παραδόσεων, η οποία κατέληξε να καθορίσει την ελληνιστική αρχιτεκτονική.
Στο Πέμπτο άρθρο η Jeanne Capelle παρακολουθεί την ιστορία του σκηνικού χώρου στην Ιωνία μετά την κλασική περίοδο και ως και την ύστερη αρχαιότητα. Εξετάζει τους τρόπους με τους οποίους τα ελληνιστικά λίθινα θέατρα προσαρμόστηκαν κατά την αυτοκρατορική περίοδο και την ύστερη αρχαιότητα για να φιλοξενήσουν τα νέα ρωμαϊκά θεάματα.
Στο τελευταίο Έκτο άρθρο η Στέλλα Σκαλτσά εξετάζει την παγιοποίηση της αρχιτεκτονικής του γυμνασίου στο τελευταίο τρίτο του 4ου αι. π.Χ. και τον συσχετισμό αυτής με την αποκρυστάλλωση του περιστυλίου ως αρχιτεκτονικού τύπου και του ξυστού ως αρχιτεκτονικής μορφής. Διαλευκαίνεται ότι η μνημειοποίηση του γυμνασίου έγκειται στο μέγεθος του συγκροτήματος, από την μία πλευρά, και στην αποκρυστάλλωση της αρχιτεκτονικής μορφής του περιστυλίου με την πλαισίωσή του από χώρους κατάλληλα διαμορφωμένους για να στεγάσουν συγκεκριμένες λειτουργίες και στην παγίωση της αρχιτεκτονικής μορφής του ξυστού ως μια επίμηκη στοά μήκους ενός σταδίου, σε άμεση γειτνίαση με την παλαίστρα, από την άλλη.
Τα άρθρα αυτά εξετάζουν την αρχιτεκτονική ως προϊόν τεχνολογικών, κοινωνικών, οικονομικών και ευρύτερα πολιτισμικών συνθηκών και αντιπροσωπεύουν τις νέες τάσεις στον χώρο μελέτης της αρχαίας Ελληνικής και Ρωμαϊκής αρχιτεκτονικής.
Μάνθα Ζαρμακούπη
Morris Russell and Josephine Chidsey Williams Assistant Professor in Roman Architecture
University of Pennsylvania, Department of the History of Art
Princeton Institute for Advanced Study, 2022-23 member, Edwin C. and Elizabeth A. Whitehead Fellow
Conferences, Workshops & Lecture Series by Mantha Zarmakoupi
New excavations in Turkey have rekindled interest in Hermogenes, the Hellenistic architect whom Vitruvius credits with a number of temple innovations (e.g. the eustylos and pseudodipteros temple types). The recent excavations of the temple of Dionysos at Teos (Prof. Musa Kadioğlu) have provided new evidence about Hermogenes' eustylos at this location. This conference brings together specialists from Turkey, Greece, and the U.S. in order to contextualize this renewed attention on Hermogenes in view of current research on temple architecture in both Greece and Turkey as well as the reception of Hellenistic architecture in Rome. Papers will also present recent excavations and research on the pseudodipteros at Messon on Lesbos (Dr. Yannis Kourtzellis), on the Sanctuary of Artemis at Magnesia on the Meander (Prof. Emeritus Orhan Bingöl), on the pseudodipteros at Sardis (Prof. Nick Cahill and Prof. Emeritus Fikret Yegül), on the pseudodipteral temples of Apollo (Prof. Görkem Kökdemir), on Hellenistic architectural trends in Samothrace (Prof. Bonna Wescoat and Prof. Sam Holzman), on the appropriation of Hermogenes and, more broadly, Hellenistic architecture in Rome (Prof. Mantha Zarmakoupi), and on the legacy of Hermogenes in the study of Hellenistic-Roman temple building (Prof. Emeritus Lothar Haselberger).
Organized by Brian Rose, James B. Pritchard Professor of Archaeology, Professor of Classical Studies; and Mantha Zarmakoupi, Morris Russell and Josephine Chidsey Williams Assistant Professor in Roman Architecture.
This conference is sponsored by the Center for Ancient Studies, the School of Arts and Sciences, the Penn Museum’s Mediterranean Section, and the Williams Fund, Penn's History of Art Department.
The Delos Network is a collaborative research project funded by the Arts and Humanities Research Council that brings together an international network of scholars, architects and planners to re-interrogate the history, legacy and impact of Constantinos Doxiadis and the Delos Symposia (1963-75). Full details of the project, including its events, organizers and contributors, can be found at: https://delosnetwork.com/
The Delos Network is a collaborative research project funded by the Arts and Humanities Research Council that brings together an international network of scholars, architects and planners to re-interrogate the history, legacy and impact of Constantinos Doxiadis and the Delos Symposia (1963-75). Full details of the project, including its events, organizers and contributors, can be found at: https://delosnetwork.com/
Scientific responsible: Dr. Mantha Zarmakoupi, Marie Curie Intra-European Fellow
The Institute of Historical Research of the National Hellenic Research Foundation presents a series of interdisciplinary discussions on the study of urban areas. Cities were in ancient times, as they continue to be today, hubs of economic, social and cultural development. The complexity of the ancient urban fabric as well as the factors affecting its development raise questions that concern the research fields of archaeology and architecture and ask for a multidisciplinary approach between the two fields. The lecture series will bring together architects and archaeologists, so that a discussion about the different yet converging ways in which the two disciplines approach and try to understand ancient and modern cities. Using case studies, architects and archaeologists will address the methods that the two disciplines employ in the study of the urban environment. For example, Mr. Lolos will address the development of methodological approaches for examining urban settlements in the field of archaeology on the basis of his research on Ancient Sikyon, and Mr. Philippidis will tackle the parallels between architectural and archaeological interpretations in the study of the urban fabric.
The two disciplines examine cities from distinct points of view and there will be an attempt to discuss and challenge the different approaches during the lecture series. The limited and incomplete material record of ancient cities, on the one hand, determines the kinds of questions that archaeologists pose. The vivid reality of the modern urban environment and the necessity of intervention determine the nature of architects’ inquiries, on the other. Equally important is the individual development of the two disciplines. Archaeologists seek to understand the formation, operation and evolution of ancient cities. They consider principles of urban design, typical urban architecture and infrastructure of ancient cities, their political and economic organization, as well as the ways in which social, political and economic factors affected their development. For architects, historic urban environments offer archetypes of architectural and urban design. In their effort to understand the complex organizational structure of modern urban environments, they examine the relationship of modern with ancient cities, while the remains of the ancient urban fabric are a means to explore issues of collective memory and cultural heritage management.
Program
Tuesday, November 4, 2014
Short Introduction
Prof. Taxiarchis Kolias
Director of the Institute of Historical Research, NHRF
Presentation of the lecture series
Dr. Mantha Zarmakoupi
Marie Curie Intra-European Research Fellow, Section of Greek and Roman Antiquity, Institute of Historical Research, NHRF
Όπου η Αρχαιολογία συνάντησε την Αρχιτεκτονική (Where Archaeology met Architecture)
Prof. Dimitris Philippidis
Emeritus Professor, School of Architecture, NTUA
Tuesday, November 11, 2014
Η οδός Αδριανού μετά των πέριξ επί Τουρκοκρατίας (Adriannou street and the surrounding area during Turkocracy)
Prof. Manolis Korres
Professor of History of Architecture, School of Architecture, NTUA
Tuesday, November 18, 2014
Επιφανειακή έρευνα και αστική αρχαιολογία (Field survey and urban archaeology)
Dr. Yannis Lolos
Associate Professor of Classical Archaeology, Department of History, Archaeology and Social Anthropology, University of Thessaly
Tuesday, November 25, 2014
Ο καλλιτέχνης ως ιστορικός. Μνημοτεχνική, χωρική εμπειρία και πολιτικές του αρχείου (The artist as historian. Mnemotechnics, spatial experience and politics of the archive)
Yorgos Tzirtzilakis
Associate Professor of Architecture, School of Architecture, University of Thessaly
Tuesday, December 2, 2014
«Κώμη» ή «πόλις»; Η περίπτωση του Ωρωπού Αττικής (“Κώμη” or “πόλις”? The case of Oropus in Attica)
Prof. Alexander Mazarakis Ainian
Professor of Classical Archaeology, Department of History, Archaeology and Social Anthropology, University of Thessaly
Tuesday, December 9, 2014
Μεταβαλλόμενες κεντρικότητες: ίχνη τόπου και ιζήματα χρόνου στην Αθήνα (Varying centralities: traces of place and residues of time in Athens)
Prof. Panayotis Tournikiotis
Professor of Theory of Architecture, School of Architecture, NTUA
Tuesday, December 16, 2014
Ο οικισμός της Ζαγοράς στην Άνδρο και η πόλις των Βαλβούρων στην βόρεια Λυκία: δύο περιπτώσεις μελέτης (The settlement of Zagora on Andros and the city of Balboura in northern Lycia: two case studies)
Prof. Jim Coulton
Emeritus Professor, Department of Classics, Oxford University
Thursday, December 18, 2014
Ματιές στην πόλη: μία πρώτη σύνθεση (Gazes of the city: a first synthesis)
Dr. Mantha Zarmakoupi
Marie Curie Intra-European Research Fellow, Section of Greek and Roman Antiquity, Institute of Historical Research, NHRF
Information
The lectures will take place at 19.00, National Hellenic Research Foundation (Amphitheater L. Zervas), 48, Vassileos Constantinou Avenue (metro station Evangelismos). Tel. 210 7273516, e-mail: [email protected]
The lectures will be live-streamed on the website at the following link: http://www.ekt.gr/events/live/
For more information, please visit the following websites: http://urbanetworks.wordpress.com/lecture-series-english/
http://www.eie.gr/epistimiskoinonia/openscience-gr.html
Photo credit: Constantinos A. Doxiadis Archives. © Constantinos and Emma Doxiadis Foundation.
Projects by Mantha Zarmakoupi
The accessibility of historic architecture not only determines who can experience the past, but it also informs how we think about disabled people as part of history. This installation presents an experiment in the historic reconstruction of the Acropolis in Athens. Our reconstructions recover ideas about bodies and impairment at one of the most canonical, influential, and notoriously inaccessible architectural sites. We explored what it means to reconstruct lost elements of the Acropolis through the lens of human impairment. Such an approach contrasts to the pursuit of “accessible heritage” — a balance between historic authenticity of architecture and technical modifications made for accessibility. We call our alternative to accessible heritage “an archaeology of disability.”
The elements we reconstructed include an enormous 5th Century BCE ramp that once connected the Acropolis to the Agora; a gallery of paintings at the top of the ramp; and a small stone seat, described by an ancient visitor as a place to rest. The ramp’s form is reconstructed as a tactile, touch-based model that transmits vibrations like those caused by the ancient crowds, animals, and carriages. It is ringed with a frieze of braille. The paintings, known through text, are reconstructed in sign language. This reconstruction, titled “Sēmata” (signs) is performed in a film-work. The stone seat is reconstructed in three different sizes and heights. Each is decorated with braille-like patterns that communicate the optical effect of weathered stone into a tactile form. Collectively, these reconstructions demonstrate another way to consider disability and the historic past — one that moves beyond technological fixes to physical objects. Disability emerges as a form of historical inquiry, archaeology, and reconstruction — one informed by the experience of collective human difference across space and time.
The accessibility of historic architecture not only determines who can experience the past, but also informs how one thinks about disabled people in history. An Archaeology of Disability presents an experiment in reconstructing historical elements of the Acropolis in Athens. Our reconstructions recover ideas about bodies and impairment at one of the most canonical, influential, and notoriously inaccessible sites of historic architecture. The project explores what it means to reconstruct lost elements of the Acropolis through the lens of human impairment. This approach differs from what is traditionally called “accessible heritage,” whereby accommodations are added to a site to render it more accessible to those with specific disabilities, while not necessarily designing these inclusively. Instead, the research station balances historic authenticity of architecture with technical modifications made for contemporary accessibility. This alternative to accessible heritage, the authors name “An Archaeology of Disability.”
In the context of the exhibition, there will be guided tours with interpretation in Greek Sign Language and a theater workshop for children.
The exhibition and associated events are funded by the Pistiolis Foundation, the Williams Fund Publication of University of Pennsylvania and the SNF Agora Institute of Johns Hopkins University.
The elements we reconstruct include an enormous ramp from the fifth century BCE that once connected the Acropolis to the Agora below; a gallery of paintings at the top of the ramp; and a small stone seat, described by an ancient visitor to the site, that offered rest. These elements vanished long ago, and none have any precisely known physical, visual, or material quality. We use contemporary ideas about impairment, access, and disability aesthetics to reconstruct them into a variety of physical forms as valid as any other. Disability emerges as a form of historical inquiry, archaeology, and reconstruction—informed by the experience of collective human difference.
A teaser is available at https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bGgRPbCL31c
The Massive Open Online Course (MOOC) "Discovering Greek & Roman Cities" is aimed at people interested in archaeology, art and cultural history, architecture and history. The participation does not require prerequisites such as possession of a qualification or a level of performance in earlier studies The course can be accessed online free of charge. Over a period of eight weeks, experts from five different European countries will impart basic knowledge about ancient cities and methods of urban archaeology. In this way, participants learn about the complexity of the ancient cultural heritage. The course is available in German, English and French from 23 April 2020.
The course is divided into eight modules. After an introduction, life, religion, death, politics, infrastructure and the economy of ancient cities will be discussed. The last module focuses on the legacy of ancient cities and the role of the ancient heritage in our cities today. Each module consists of three 10-minute videos. Following these clips, the participants can work on further assignments, answer quiz questions and go deeper into the subject matter on the basis of selected literature references. An online forum is available for virtual discussions and exchange with the teachers. Once a week, one of the lecturers gives insight into their own research area in a video conference and is also available to answer questions. Once the participants have watched all the videos and completed the corresponding assignments, they can finally receive an official certificate confirming their successful participation in the course.
The MOOC "Discovering Greek&Roman Cities" will not only communicate knowledge about the layout and function or the historical development of ancient cities. The aim of the course is also to promote interest in and discussion of the (ancient) cultural heritage in one's own city. The MOOC's digital platform makes it possible for several hundred people from different cultural backgrounds with different educational backgrounds to take part in the course - a number and diversity that cannot be achieved through lectures or seminars at universities.
The course is divided into eight modules. After an introduction, life, religion, death, politics, infrastructure and the economy of ancient cities will be discussed. The last module focuses on the legacy of ancient cities and the role of the ancient heritage in our cities today. Each module consists of three 10-minute videos. Following these clips, the participants can work on further assignments, answer quiz questions and go deeper into the subject matter on the basis of selected literature references. An online forum is available for virtual discussions and exchange with the teachers. Once a week, one of the lecturers gives insight into their own research area in a video conference and is also available to answer questions. Once the participants have watched all the videos and completed the corresponding assignments, they can finally receive an official certificate confirming their successful participation in the course.
A teaser is available at https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bGgRPbCL31c
The Massive Open Online Course (MOOC) "Discovering Greek & Roman Cities" is aimed at people interested in archaeology, art and cultural history, architecture and history. The participation does not require prerequisites such as possession of a qualification or a level of performance in earlier studies The course can be accessed online free of charge. Over a period of eight weeks, experts from five different European countries will impart basic knowledge about ancient cities and methods of urban archaeology. In this way, participants learn about the complexity of the ancient cultural heritage. The course is available in German, English and French from 12 September 2019.
The course is divided into eight modules. After an introduction, life, religion, death, politics, infrastructure and the economy of ancient cities will be discussed. The last module focuses on the legacy of ancient cities and the role of the ancient heritage in our cities today. Each module consists of three 10-minute videos. Following these clips, the participants can work on further assignments, answer quiz questions and go deeper into the subject matter on the basis of selected literature references. An online forum is available for virtual discussions and exchange with the teachers. Once a week, one of the lecturers gives insight into their own research area in a video conference and is also available to answer questions. Once the participants have watched all the videos and completed the corresponding assignments, they can finally receive an official certificate confirming their successful participation in the course.
The MOOC "Discovering Greek&Roman Cities" will not only communicate knowledge about the layout and function or the historical development of ancient cities. The aim of the course is also to promote interest in and discussion of the (ancient) cultural heritage in one's own city. The MOOC's digital platform makes it possible for several hundred people from different cultural backgrounds with different educational backgrounds to take part in the course - a number and diversity that cannot be achieved through lectures or seminars at universities.
For more information visit the project's website: https://delosnetwork.com
Papers by Mantha Zarmakoupi
The Delos Symposia and Doxiadis offers the first comprehensive appraisal of the history and legacy of these meetings. It explores their ideals, how they fed into Doxiadis’s urban planning projects, as well as their relevance for contemporary debates on ecology and design. Staying true to the multidisciplinary nature of the Symposia, the book bridges archaeology, classics, architecture, sociology, geography, psychology, anthropology, as well as postcolonial and environmental studies.
This volume brings together papers delivered by experts in various fields addressing the cultural significance of this ancient site in its contemporary Roman context as well as its cultural reception from its discovery over two hundred and fifty years ago to the most recent excavations in the late twentieth century. They also explore the ways in which digital archaeology can assist our efforts to understand and investigate ancient sites. Topics treated include the Villa’s architecture, decoration, and content (i.e., wall-paintings, sculptures, and papyri); their reception since the 18th century; and the current state of knowledge based on the recent partial excavations in the Villa, presented here in English for the first time. Furthermore, the use of digital models of the Villa that incorporate the data from the new excavations and a discussion on the ways in which such models may be used for educational and research purposes are also presented.
Ξεκινάμε με την Συνέντευξη του Jean-Charles Moretti, Διευθυντή Έρευνας στο Εθνικό Ίδρυμα Ερευνών στη Γαλλία (CNRS) και διευθυντή ανασκαφών στη Δήλο, ο οποίος μας αποκαλύπτει την πολύπλευρη δράση του στο χώρο της αρχαίας αρχιτεκτονικής.
Στην ενότητα Ελλάδα εκτός Ελλάδας παρουσιάζουμε τον αρχαιολογικό χώρο της Τέω της Τουρκίας, μιας Ιωνικής πόλης στα δυτικά παράλια της Μικράς Ασίας. Οι ανασκαφές τα τελευταία 13 χρόνια υπό τον Musa Kadıoğlu (Πανεπιστήμιο της Άγκυρας) έχουν προσφέρει σημαντικά στοιχεία για την αρχιτεκτονική αυτής της πόλης, συμπεριλαμβανομένου του ναού του Διονύσου τον οποίο μας λέει ο Βιτρούβιος ότι σχεδίασε ο Ερμογένης κατά την ελληνιστική περίοδο.
Στην ενότητα Αρχαιολογικός Χώρος η Μάνθα Ζαρμακούπη παρουσιάζει το διευρυμένο οικοδομικό πρόγραμμα του Αδριανού στην Αθήνα. Αναλύει τον τρόπο με τον οποίο τα Αδριανικά κτήρια οικειοποιήθηκαν το λεξιλόγιο της κλασικής αρχιτεκτονικής, από τη μια πλευρά, και μετασχημάτισαν το αθηναϊκό τοπίο, από την άλλη. Αναδεικνύονται λοιπόν οι τρόποι με τους οποίους οικειοποιήθηκε ο Αδριανός την κλασική ελληνική αρχιτεκτονική παράδοση στο κέντρο γένεσης αυτής.
Στο Πρώτο άρθρο η Βασιλεία Μανιδάκη εξετάζει την οικοδομική σύνθεση της ιωνικής ζωφόρου όπως επίσης και την δομή και οικοδόμηση του Σηκού του Παρθενώνα για να προτείνει την ύπαρξη εσωτερικής ζωφόρου, η οποία είναι πιθανόν ότι ήταν διακοσμημένη. Αναλύει την φωτεινότητα του εσωτερικού του σηκού και εξετάζει την πιθανότητα ότι ο φωτισμός των πλάγιων κλιτών μέσω δύο παραθύρων στον ανατολικό τοίχο, τα οποία βρίσκονταν πάνω από 7 μέτρα πάνω από το δάπεδο, εξυπηρετούσε την ανάδειξη των ανάγλυφων μορφών της προτεινόμενης διακοσμημένης ζωφόρου.
Στο Δεύτερο άρθρο ο Γιάννης Κουρτζέλλης επικεντρώνεται στον ψευδοδίπτερο ιωνικό διπλό «ἐν παραστάσι» ναό στο ιερό του Μέσσου στην Μυτιλήνη—ο οποίος αποτελεί το αρχαιότερο παράδειγμα εφαρμογής της ψευδοδίπτερης κάτοψης σε ιωνικούς ναούς και το μοναδικό μνημείο με πραγματική ψευδοδίπτερη κάτοψη στον σημερινό ελλαδικό χώρο—για να αναδείξει τους τρόπους με τους οποίους τροποποιήθηκε η μορφή και ο σχεδιασμός του κλασικού ιωνικού ναού στην υστεροκλασική περίοδο. Ο Βιτρούβιος αναφέρει ότι εφευρέτης της ψευδοδίπτερης κάτοψης υπήρξε ο Ερμογένης, ο οποίος όμως εργάστηκε στα τέλη του 3ου – αρχές του 2ου αι. π.Χ., και ο ναός του Μέσσου έχει χρονολογηθεί από τις αρχές του 4ου αι. π.Χ. έως και την εποχή του Ερμογένη.
Στο Τρίτο άρθρο η Ιουλία Καούρα παρουσιάζει μία νέα ανασύσταση της οικοδομικής ιστορίας του Τελεστηρίου της Ελευσίνας κατά τον 6ο και 5ο αι. π.Χ.—το οποίο αποτελεί τον κύριο ναό του Ιερού της Δήμητρας και της Κόρης και στο εσωτερικό του οποίου λάμβανε χώρα κάθε χρόνο η κεντρική τελετή των περίφημων Μυστηρίων. Η νέα αυτή ανασύσταση της οικοδομικής ιστορίας του Τελεστηρίου διαλευκάνει τις κατασκευαστικές πρακτικές που εφαρμόστηκαν έτσι ώστε να εξασφαλιστεί η τέλεση της λατρείας κατά τη διάρκεια εντατικής οικοδομικής δραστηριότητας στην Ελευσίνα. Ενώ η πρακτική που διαπιστώνεται στο Τελεστήριο είναι μάλλον μία ειδική περίπτωση στο σύνολό της—οφειλόμενη στο μέγεθος του κτηρίου—η ανάλυση της Ιουλίας Καούρα προτείνει μια νέα μεθοδολογική προσέγγιση στην αρχιτεκτονική των ελληνικών ιερών με την οποία εξετάζονται οι τρόποι με τους οποίους συμβιβαζόταν η λατρευτική πράξη με την ενίοτε εντατική οικοδομική δραστηριότητα.
Στο Τέταρτο άρθρο ο Chavdar Tzochev εξετάζει την αρχιτεκτονική του τύμβου Σταροζέλ στους πρόποδες του βουνού Σρέντνα Γκόρα, περίπου 200 χιλιόμετρα βόρεια των ακτών του Αιγαίου, στη Βουλγαρία. Ο τάφος του Σταροσέλ αποτελεί έναν από τους πολλούς που κατασκευάστηκαν στη Θράκη κατά τα τέλη του 4ου-αρχές του 3ου αιώνα π.Χ. και ενώ ανήκει σε μια ομάδα θολωτών τάφων, τυπικών στη περιοχή αυτή, είναι το πρώτο θρακικό μνημείο που προσφέρει τόσο σαφή εικόνα της διαδικασίας υβριδισμού οικοδομικών παραδόσεων, η οποία κατέληξε να καθορίσει την ελληνιστική αρχιτεκτονική.
Στο Πέμπτο άρθρο η Jeanne Capelle παρακολουθεί την ιστορία του σκηνικού χώρου στην Ιωνία μετά την κλασική περίοδο και ως και την ύστερη αρχαιότητα. Εξετάζει τους τρόπους με τους οποίους τα ελληνιστικά λίθινα θέατρα προσαρμόστηκαν κατά την αυτοκρατορική περίοδο και την ύστερη αρχαιότητα για να φιλοξενήσουν τα νέα ρωμαϊκά θεάματα.
Στο τελευταίο Έκτο άρθρο η Στέλλα Σκαλτσά εξετάζει την παγιοποίηση της αρχιτεκτονικής του γυμνασίου στο τελευταίο τρίτο του 4ου αι. π.Χ. και τον συσχετισμό αυτής με την αποκρυστάλλωση του περιστυλίου ως αρχιτεκτονικού τύπου και του ξυστού ως αρχιτεκτονικής μορφής. Διαλευκαίνεται ότι η μνημειοποίηση του γυμνασίου έγκειται στο μέγεθος του συγκροτήματος, από την μία πλευρά, και στην αποκρυστάλλωση της αρχιτεκτονικής μορφής του περιστυλίου με την πλαισίωσή του από χώρους κατάλληλα διαμορφωμένους για να στεγάσουν συγκεκριμένες λειτουργίες και στην παγίωση της αρχιτεκτονικής μορφής του ξυστού ως μια επίμηκη στοά μήκους ενός σταδίου, σε άμεση γειτνίαση με την παλαίστρα, από την άλλη.
Τα άρθρα αυτά εξετάζουν την αρχιτεκτονική ως προϊόν τεχνολογικών, κοινωνικών, οικονομικών και ευρύτερα πολιτισμικών συνθηκών και αντιπροσωπεύουν τις νέες τάσεις στον χώρο μελέτης της αρχαίας Ελληνικής και Ρωμαϊκής αρχιτεκτονικής.
Μάνθα Ζαρμακούπη
Morris Russell and Josephine Chidsey Williams Assistant Professor in Roman Architecture
University of Pennsylvania, Department of the History of Art
Princeton Institute for Advanced Study, 2022-23 member, Edwin C. and Elizabeth A. Whitehead Fellow
New excavations in Turkey have rekindled interest in Hermogenes, the Hellenistic architect whom Vitruvius credits with a number of temple innovations (e.g. the eustylos and pseudodipteros temple types). The recent excavations of the temple of Dionysos at Teos (Prof. Musa Kadioğlu) have provided new evidence about Hermogenes' eustylos at this location. This conference brings together specialists from Turkey, Greece, and the U.S. in order to contextualize this renewed attention on Hermogenes in view of current research on temple architecture in both Greece and Turkey as well as the reception of Hellenistic architecture in Rome. Papers will also present recent excavations and research on the pseudodipteros at Messon on Lesbos (Dr. Yannis Kourtzellis), on the Sanctuary of Artemis at Magnesia on the Meander (Prof. Emeritus Orhan Bingöl), on the pseudodipteros at Sardis (Prof. Nick Cahill and Prof. Emeritus Fikret Yegül), on the pseudodipteral temples of Apollo (Prof. Görkem Kökdemir), on Hellenistic architectural trends in Samothrace (Prof. Bonna Wescoat and Prof. Sam Holzman), on the appropriation of Hermogenes and, more broadly, Hellenistic architecture in Rome (Prof. Mantha Zarmakoupi), and on the legacy of Hermogenes in the study of Hellenistic-Roman temple building (Prof. Emeritus Lothar Haselberger).
Organized by Brian Rose, James B. Pritchard Professor of Archaeology, Professor of Classical Studies; and Mantha Zarmakoupi, Morris Russell and Josephine Chidsey Williams Assistant Professor in Roman Architecture.
This conference is sponsored by the Center for Ancient Studies, the School of Arts and Sciences, the Penn Museum’s Mediterranean Section, and the Williams Fund, Penn's History of Art Department.
The Delos Network is a collaborative research project funded by the Arts and Humanities Research Council that brings together an international network of scholars, architects and planners to re-interrogate the history, legacy and impact of Constantinos Doxiadis and the Delos Symposia (1963-75). Full details of the project, including its events, organizers and contributors, can be found at: https://delosnetwork.com/
The Delos Network is a collaborative research project funded by the Arts and Humanities Research Council that brings together an international network of scholars, architects and planners to re-interrogate the history, legacy and impact of Constantinos Doxiadis and the Delos Symposia (1963-75). Full details of the project, including its events, organizers and contributors, can be found at: https://delosnetwork.com/
Scientific responsible: Dr. Mantha Zarmakoupi, Marie Curie Intra-European Fellow
The Institute of Historical Research of the National Hellenic Research Foundation presents a series of interdisciplinary discussions on the study of urban areas. Cities were in ancient times, as they continue to be today, hubs of economic, social and cultural development. The complexity of the ancient urban fabric as well as the factors affecting its development raise questions that concern the research fields of archaeology and architecture and ask for a multidisciplinary approach between the two fields. The lecture series will bring together architects and archaeologists, so that a discussion about the different yet converging ways in which the two disciplines approach and try to understand ancient and modern cities. Using case studies, architects and archaeologists will address the methods that the two disciplines employ in the study of the urban environment. For example, Mr. Lolos will address the development of methodological approaches for examining urban settlements in the field of archaeology on the basis of his research on Ancient Sikyon, and Mr. Philippidis will tackle the parallels between architectural and archaeological interpretations in the study of the urban fabric.
The two disciplines examine cities from distinct points of view and there will be an attempt to discuss and challenge the different approaches during the lecture series. The limited and incomplete material record of ancient cities, on the one hand, determines the kinds of questions that archaeologists pose. The vivid reality of the modern urban environment and the necessity of intervention determine the nature of architects’ inquiries, on the other. Equally important is the individual development of the two disciplines. Archaeologists seek to understand the formation, operation and evolution of ancient cities. They consider principles of urban design, typical urban architecture and infrastructure of ancient cities, their political and economic organization, as well as the ways in which social, political and economic factors affected their development. For architects, historic urban environments offer archetypes of architectural and urban design. In their effort to understand the complex organizational structure of modern urban environments, they examine the relationship of modern with ancient cities, while the remains of the ancient urban fabric are a means to explore issues of collective memory and cultural heritage management.
Program
Tuesday, November 4, 2014
Short Introduction
Prof. Taxiarchis Kolias
Director of the Institute of Historical Research, NHRF
Presentation of the lecture series
Dr. Mantha Zarmakoupi
Marie Curie Intra-European Research Fellow, Section of Greek and Roman Antiquity, Institute of Historical Research, NHRF
Όπου η Αρχαιολογία συνάντησε την Αρχιτεκτονική (Where Archaeology met Architecture)
Prof. Dimitris Philippidis
Emeritus Professor, School of Architecture, NTUA
Tuesday, November 11, 2014
Η οδός Αδριανού μετά των πέριξ επί Τουρκοκρατίας (Adriannou street and the surrounding area during Turkocracy)
Prof. Manolis Korres
Professor of History of Architecture, School of Architecture, NTUA
Tuesday, November 18, 2014
Επιφανειακή έρευνα και αστική αρχαιολογία (Field survey and urban archaeology)
Dr. Yannis Lolos
Associate Professor of Classical Archaeology, Department of History, Archaeology and Social Anthropology, University of Thessaly
Tuesday, November 25, 2014
Ο καλλιτέχνης ως ιστορικός. Μνημοτεχνική, χωρική εμπειρία και πολιτικές του αρχείου (The artist as historian. Mnemotechnics, spatial experience and politics of the archive)
Yorgos Tzirtzilakis
Associate Professor of Architecture, School of Architecture, University of Thessaly
Tuesday, December 2, 2014
«Κώμη» ή «πόλις»; Η περίπτωση του Ωρωπού Αττικής (“Κώμη” or “πόλις”? The case of Oropus in Attica)
Prof. Alexander Mazarakis Ainian
Professor of Classical Archaeology, Department of History, Archaeology and Social Anthropology, University of Thessaly
Tuesday, December 9, 2014
Μεταβαλλόμενες κεντρικότητες: ίχνη τόπου και ιζήματα χρόνου στην Αθήνα (Varying centralities: traces of place and residues of time in Athens)
Prof. Panayotis Tournikiotis
Professor of Theory of Architecture, School of Architecture, NTUA
Tuesday, December 16, 2014
Ο οικισμός της Ζαγοράς στην Άνδρο και η πόλις των Βαλβούρων στην βόρεια Λυκία: δύο περιπτώσεις μελέτης (The settlement of Zagora on Andros and the city of Balboura in northern Lycia: two case studies)
Prof. Jim Coulton
Emeritus Professor, Department of Classics, Oxford University
Thursday, December 18, 2014
Ματιές στην πόλη: μία πρώτη σύνθεση (Gazes of the city: a first synthesis)
Dr. Mantha Zarmakoupi
Marie Curie Intra-European Research Fellow, Section of Greek and Roman Antiquity, Institute of Historical Research, NHRF
Information
The lectures will take place at 19.00, National Hellenic Research Foundation (Amphitheater L. Zervas), 48, Vassileos Constantinou Avenue (metro station Evangelismos). Tel. 210 7273516, e-mail: [email protected]
The lectures will be live-streamed on the website at the following link: http://www.ekt.gr/events/live/
For more information, please visit the following websites: http://urbanetworks.wordpress.com/lecture-series-english/
http://www.eie.gr/epistimiskoinonia/openscience-gr.html
Photo credit: Constantinos A. Doxiadis Archives. © Constantinos and Emma Doxiadis Foundation.
The accessibility of historic architecture not only determines who can experience the past, but it also informs how we think about disabled people as part of history. This installation presents an experiment in the historic reconstruction of the Acropolis in Athens. Our reconstructions recover ideas about bodies and impairment at one of the most canonical, influential, and notoriously inaccessible architectural sites. We explored what it means to reconstruct lost elements of the Acropolis through the lens of human impairment. Such an approach contrasts to the pursuit of “accessible heritage” — a balance between historic authenticity of architecture and technical modifications made for accessibility. We call our alternative to accessible heritage “an archaeology of disability.”
The elements we reconstructed include an enormous 5th Century BCE ramp that once connected the Acropolis to the Agora; a gallery of paintings at the top of the ramp; and a small stone seat, described by an ancient visitor as a place to rest. The ramp’s form is reconstructed as a tactile, touch-based model that transmits vibrations like those caused by the ancient crowds, animals, and carriages. It is ringed with a frieze of braille. The paintings, known through text, are reconstructed in sign language. This reconstruction, titled “Sēmata” (signs) is performed in a film-work. The stone seat is reconstructed in three different sizes and heights. Each is decorated with braille-like patterns that communicate the optical effect of weathered stone into a tactile form. Collectively, these reconstructions demonstrate another way to consider disability and the historic past — one that moves beyond technological fixes to physical objects. Disability emerges as a form of historical inquiry, archaeology, and reconstruction — one informed by the experience of collective human difference across space and time.
The accessibility of historic architecture not only determines who can experience the past, but also informs how one thinks about disabled people in history. An Archaeology of Disability presents an experiment in reconstructing historical elements of the Acropolis in Athens. Our reconstructions recover ideas about bodies and impairment at one of the most canonical, influential, and notoriously inaccessible sites of historic architecture. The project explores what it means to reconstruct lost elements of the Acropolis through the lens of human impairment. This approach differs from what is traditionally called “accessible heritage,” whereby accommodations are added to a site to render it more accessible to those with specific disabilities, while not necessarily designing these inclusively. Instead, the research station balances historic authenticity of architecture with technical modifications made for contemporary accessibility. This alternative to accessible heritage, the authors name “An Archaeology of Disability.”
In the context of the exhibition, there will be guided tours with interpretation in Greek Sign Language and a theater workshop for children.
The exhibition and associated events are funded by the Pistiolis Foundation, the Williams Fund Publication of University of Pennsylvania and the SNF Agora Institute of Johns Hopkins University.
The elements we reconstruct include an enormous ramp from the fifth century BCE that once connected the Acropolis to the Agora below; a gallery of paintings at the top of the ramp; and a small stone seat, described by an ancient visitor to the site, that offered rest. These elements vanished long ago, and none have any precisely known physical, visual, or material quality. We use contemporary ideas about impairment, access, and disability aesthetics to reconstruct them into a variety of physical forms as valid as any other. Disability emerges as a form of historical inquiry, archaeology, and reconstruction—informed by the experience of collective human difference.
A teaser is available at https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bGgRPbCL31c
The Massive Open Online Course (MOOC) "Discovering Greek & Roman Cities" is aimed at people interested in archaeology, art and cultural history, architecture and history. The participation does not require prerequisites such as possession of a qualification or a level of performance in earlier studies The course can be accessed online free of charge. Over a period of eight weeks, experts from five different European countries will impart basic knowledge about ancient cities and methods of urban archaeology. In this way, participants learn about the complexity of the ancient cultural heritage. The course is available in German, English and French from 23 April 2020.
The course is divided into eight modules. After an introduction, life, religion, death, politics, infrastructure and the economy of ancient cities will be discussed. The last module focuses on the legacy of ancient cities and the role of the ancient heritage in our cities today. Each module consists of three 10-minute videos. Following these clips, the participants can work on further assignments, answer quiz questions and go deeper into the subject matter on the basis of selected literature references. An online forum is available for virtual discussions and exchange with the teachers. Once a week, one of the lecturers gives insight into their own research area in a video conference and is also available to answer questions. Once the participants have watched all the videos and completed the corresponding assignments, they can finally receive an official certificate confirming their successful participation in the course.
The MOOC "Discovering Greek&Roman Cities" will not only communicate knowledge about the layout and function or the historical development of ancient cities. The aim of the course is also to promote interest in and discussion of the (ancient) cultural heritage in one's own city. The MOOC's digital platform makes it possible for several hundred people from different cultural backgrounds with different educational backgrounds to take part in the course - a number and diversity that cannot be achieved through lectures or seminars at universities.
The course is divided into eight modules. After an introduction, life, religion, death, politics, infrastructure and the economy of ancient cities will be discussed. The last module focuses on the legacy of ancient cities and the role of the ancient heritage in our cities today. Each module consists of three 10-minute videos. Following these clips, the participants can work on further assignments, answer quiz questions and go deeper into the subject matter on the basis of selected literature references. An online forum is available for virtual discussions and exchange with the teachers. Once a week, one of the lecturers gives insight into their own research area in a video conference and is also available to answer questions. Once the participants have watched all the videos and completed the corresponding assignments, they can finally receive an official certificate confirming their successful participation in the course.
A teaser is available at https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bGgRPbCL31c
The Massive Open Online Course (MOOC) "Discovering Greek & Roman Cities" is aimed at people interested in archaeology, art and cultural history, architecture and history. The participation does not require prerequisites such as possession of a qualification or a level of performance in earlier studies The course can be accessed online free of charge. Over a period of eight weeks, experts from five different European countries will impart basic knowledge about ancient cities and methods of urban archaeology. In this way, participants learn about the complexity of the ancient cultural heritage. The course is available in German, English and French from 12 September 2019.
The course is divided into eight modules. After an introduction, life, religion, death, politics, infrastructure and the economy of ancient cities will be discussed. The last module focuses on the legacy of ancient cities and the role of the ancient heritage in our cities today. Each module consists of three 10-minute videos. Following these clips, the participants can work on further assignments, answer quiz questions and go deeper into the subject matter on the basis of selected literature references. An online forum is available for virtual discussions and exchange with the teachers. Once a week, one of the lecturers gives insight into their own research area in a video conference and is also available to answer questions. Once the participants have watched all the videos and completed the corresponding assignments, they can finally receive an official certificate confirming their successful participation in the course.
The MOOC "Discovering Greek&Roman Cities" will not only communicate knowledge about the layout and function or the historical development of ancient cities. The aim of the course is also to promote interest in and discussion of the (ancient) cultural heritage in one's own city. The MOOC's digital platform makes it possible for several hundred people from different cultural backgrounds with different educational backgrounds to take part in the course - a number and diversity that cannot be achieved through lectures or seminars at universities.
For more information visit the project's website: https://delosnetwork.com
These Field Notes present a fragmented and diachronic portrait of Athens through the mobilities of people and cultures, which, as they clashed, intersected, and syncretized, defined different aspects of the city. Fourteen short essays and an introduction provide glimpses into an Athens continuously marked by the movement of people, labor, crafts, and capital, from the ancient city-state to the contemporary metropolis, a telling of history that is posed against ethnocentric narratives of continuity of presence. Demonstrating a multitude of historiographical approaches and voices, the essays collected here are treated as ‘field notes’ because of their brevity in treating a nascent field of study of the Athenian built environment that crosses time periods and disciplines.
answered by the participants and user data from the MOOC platform itself, we were able to collect comprehensive information on the demography of the participants, their expectations, and their experiences. These data allow us to draw conclusions about the opportunities and difficulties of open education in the historical humanities. In the
second part, we show how the course’s materials were successfully implemented in academic teaching at the Panthéon-Sorbonne University, the University of Paris-Saclay (UVSQ), and the University of Pennsylvania. These examples highlight how smaller academic fields in the humanities can design and enhance their respective teaching environments in the digital age.
Der Aufsatz stellt den MOOC Discovering Greek & Roman Cities vor, der von einem internationalen Team im Rahmen der Strategischen Partnerschaft (ERASMUS+) Ancient Cities erstellt worden ist. In zwei Durchgängen im Herbst 2019 und Frühjahr 2020 hat der Kurs insgesamt 4.800 Lernende erreicht. In diesem Beitrag geben wir einen Überblick über die Zielgruppen und Lernziele des Kurses und stellen vor, auf welchen Wegen wir den MOOC bei den Zielgruppen bekannt gemacht haben. Daran anschließend stellen wir die Struktur und das erarbeitete Lernmaterial vor. Auf Basis mehrere Fragebögen, die von den Teilnehmer*innen beantwortet worden sind, sowie Nutzerdaten der MOOC-Plattform haben wir umfassende Informationen über die Demographie der Teilnehmer*innen, ihre Erwartungen und ihre Erfahrungen sammeln können. Diese Daten lassen Aussagen über Chancen und Schwierigkeiten offener Bildungsangebote in den historischen Geisteswissenschaften zu, die diskutiert werden.
This book is an important contribution to the understanding of the development of religious architecture in early Central Italy. P.’s comprehensive discussion addresses the role of early Rome in pan-Mediterranean trade networks and, in doing so, exemplifies recent approaches that endorse the use of comparative frameworks to understand changes around the whole Archaic Mediterranean.
This is the fourth volume of the Australian Mission at Jebel Khalid and is dedicated to the Housing Insula. It is an invaluable contribution to Hellenistic housing studies, presenting a full and detailed account of the excavation results of the insula as well as a concise analysis of the architecture of the houses that elucidates their cultural significance and historical implications of their evolution over time.
Finally, the project conducted a preliminary survey for shipwrecks during the 2016 fieldwork season. The six shipwrecks that were found around Delos, Rheneia and in the channel between Delos and Rheneia date from the Hellenistic through the late Roman period. They point to the continuation of the activity of the harbour of Delos and the usage of the channel between Delos and Rheneia, which must have continued to operate as a main waterway of the Aegean through the late Roman period connecting the Eastern and Western Mediterranean.
Over the course of three seasons, the survey project identified structures providing evidence for commercial activities in the submerged area of the Stadion District, changing the predominant assumption that this neighborhood did not have an instrumental role in the operation of the Delian emporion. The project also identified remains of harbor installations in the submerged area of the Skardana District, indicating that the bay of the Skardana was an anchorage. These finds are significant, as they clarify the function of the bays that were located next to the newly formed neighborhoods on the island. It seems that commercial harbors operated both in the bay of the Stadion District and in the bay of the Skardana District, complementing the activities of the central harbor. Whereas previous research focused on the main harbor area, assuming that the emporion of Delos depended solely on a single harbor, the Delos Underwater Survey Project—the first underwater survey to be conducted around Delos—provides a different picture of the ways in which the port city functioned. Although the mechanisms of trade were weighted toward direct preferential links between emporion ports, rather than toward random coastal tramping or cabotage, an emporion has several harbors, which could be used according to the weather conditions. The results of the survey project show that the bays of the Stadion District and the Skardana District served as anchorages around the island, allowing skippers to avoid crossings in difficult weather conditions, thus facilitating the busy emporion of Delos in the Late Hellenistic period.
Delos has yielded rich epigraphic evidence of different associations and groups that issued inscriptions from the third century BCE to the second century CE, while most inscriptions date from the heyday of the free port from 167/166 to 88 BCE. These inscriptions attest the geographic diversity of the mercantile influx into Delos in this period: Greeks, Italians and Phoenicians came together in corporate groups that carried out cultic observances and built religious structures on the island. Domestic cults alongside religious associations were a means of fashioning the corporate identity of merchant communities and promoting their economic interests in late Hellenistic Delos. The cult of Lares Compitales whose altars were placed in front of the houses, shows that merchants employed the cult as a means to assert their corporate identity in both private and public spheres and, in so doing, shaped the urban fabric of Delos. Both domestic cults and religious associations were a means of fashioning the corporate identity of the merchant communities and promoting their economic interests. By examining the architectural arrangement of these cultic observances, this paper will address the ways in which diverse groups of merchants articulated their social and commercial aspirations in both public and private spheres.
The two disciplines share common origins in the antiquarian strain of post-Renaissance European scholarship, but the marked professionalization of architecture, and its cognate fields of study (such as urbanism and landscape architecture), as well as the increasing specialization of archaeology over the past century has led to a rift between the two. This disciplinary divide has especially affected the study of the classical urbanism, in which the multi-disciplinary scientific methods and digital technologies that are being employed to analyse the multifaceted urban environment ask for analyses that take into consideration the discipline of history and theory of architecture. For instance, the latest theories of urbanism and landscape urbanism emerging from within the practice of architecture have not been considered in recent scholarship on ancient cities (Creekmore and Fisher 2014; Yoffee 2015; cf. Yoffee 2009). Archaeologists and architectural historians have addressed the disciplinary boundaries created by university structures and professional practice to argue that archaeology and architectural history are complementary and together provide the fullest possible account of a building (e.g. Arnold et al. 2006; Farmer and Louw 1992; Leech 2006). Although such discussions have taken effect in studies of individual buildings (e.g. Graßhoff et al. 2009), there has been no such effort in the study of ancient cities. The field of ancient urbanism studies is so rapidly expanding its interdisciplinary collaborations in chemistry, physics, geology, anatomy, botany, and other scientific areas and attempts to establish methodological links between the humanities, the sciences and social sciences (Yoffee and Fowles 2012; Creekmore and Fisher 2014) that the “old” relationship with architecture and history of architecture has been put aside.
By analysing the approaches that the two disciplines assume to ancient cities through empirical, theoretical, and comparative perspectives, this paper will outline the ways in which a new model for the study of classical urbanism—uniting best practices from both archaeology and architecture into a single protocol—could be established.
Bibliography
Arnold, D., Ergut, E. A., & Özkaya, B. (eds.) 2006. Rethinking architectural historiography. London.
Creekmore, A., & Fisher, K. D. (eds.) 2014. Making ancient cities. New York.
Farmer, B., & Louw, H. J. (eds) 1992. Companion to contemporary architectural thought. London.
Graßhoff, G., Heinzelmann, M., & Wäfler, M. 2009. The Pantheon in Rome. Bern.
Leech, R. H. 2006. “Buildings archaeology. Context and points of convergence.” In D. Arnold, E. A. Ergut, & B. Özkaya (eds.), Rethinking architectural historiography. London. ch. 2.
Yoffee, N. 2009. Making ancient cities plausible. Reviews in Anthropology 38: 264-289.
Yoffee, N., & Fowles, S. 2012. Archaeology in the Humanities. Diogenes 58.1-2: 35-52.
Yoffee, N. (ed.) 2015. Early Cities in comparative perspective, 4000 BCE-1200 CE. Cambridge World History vol. 3. Cambridge and New York.
The purpose of our project was to clarify whether the submerged structures at the northeast side of the island of Delos (Stadion District) are port remains. These structures were identified and published by Alexandros Papageorgiou-Venetas as port installations, and the aim of our research was to survey and document them. During our first fieldwork season, these structures were identified as housing remains, which form the eastward limit of the Stadion District towards the sea—dating to the late Hellenistic era—and not port facilities.
The survey was conducted by the Ephorate of Underwater Antiquities, through its director Dr. Angeliki Simosi, in cooperation with the Institute of Historical Research of the National Hellenic Research Foundation, through its researcher Dr. Mantha Zarmakoupi. From the Ephorate of Underwater Antiquities, Mrs. Magdalini Athanasoula, scientific co-director of the project and underwater archaeologist, Mr. Manolis Tzefronis, diver, and Mr. Manolis Moureas, underwater technician, participated in the project. From the National Hellenic Research Foundation (NHRF), Dr. Mantha Zarmakoupi, scientific co-director of the project, architect and underwater archaeologist, and Mrs. Foteini Vlachaki, external collaborator of NHRF, underwater architect and restoration specialist, participated in the project.