Papers by J. Craig Phillips
Global Qualitative Nursing Research
This paper is an examination of the methodological and theoretical perspectives of a study with a... more This paper is an examination of the methodological and theoretical perspectives of a study with an inquiry focus on the experiences and perspectives of staff who worked at an injectable opiate assisted (iOAT) clinic. Twenty-two staff members, including nurses, social workers, and peer support workers, were interviewed. The goal of the study was to uncover how the clinic staff provided care to the clients who attend the clinic, their perspectives on how the clinic program impacted both them and their clients, and their experiences with the program itself. This interpretive descriptive study was underpinned by critical social theory. Thematic analysis was undertaken to identify recurring, converging, and contradictory patterns of interaction, key concepts and emerging themes. In this paper we examine and discuss how the relationship between critical social theory and interpretive description enhanced the study. Examples from the study are presented to provide insight into the relation...
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American Journal of Men's Health, Aug 3, 2011
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Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing, Jul 23, 2019
Background:People living with HIV (PLHIV) are at increased risk for developing cardiovascular dis... more Background:People living with HIV (PLHIV) are at increased risk for developing cardiovascular disease (CVD). Physical activity and cardiorespiratory fitness in PLHIV are poorly understood.Objective:To describe physical activity and cardiorespiratory fitness by sex and age and to examine the association between physical activity and cardiorespiratory fitness in PLHIV, controlling for covariates.Methods:Seven-hundred and two PLHIV participated in a cross-sectional study and completed validated measures of self-reported physical activity (7-day physical activity recall) and cardiorespiratory fitness (6-minute walk test [6MWT]). Participants were recruited from seven diverse sites in the United States and Thailand and data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and multiple regression to examine the relationship between physical activity and cardiorespiratory fitness.Results:On average participants self-reported engaging in in 115 minutes of, mostly light (75%), physical activity. Men reported twice the amount of physical activity as women (155 vs 73 minutes, p=0.01). Participants’ ability to achieve their predicted 6MWT distances was similar between men (68%) and women (69%) (p>0.01). For women, vigorous physical activity was associated with a 6.6% increase in cardiorespiratory fitness and being temporarily unemployed was associated with an 18% decline in cardiorespiratory fitness. Cardiorespiratory fitness increased with age (p<0.01).Conclusions:PLHIV’s weekly physical activity averaged 85 minutes of mostly light activity, well below the recommended 150 minutes of moderate activity. Vigorous physical activity was associated with improved cardiorespiratory fitness in women, but not men. While PLHIV would benefit from interventions to increase physical activity, our data suggest a need to develop sex-specific physical activity strategies.
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The FASEB Journal, 2007
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References •Women of childbearing age account for nearly half of the world's HIV cases. Black... more References •Women of childbearing age account for nearly half of the world's HIV cases. Black women are disproportionately affected. Evidence indicates that breastfeeding presents a 20% risk of HIV transmission to infants. •Black women in the African diaspora share sociocultural perceptions of motherhood, vulnerability to HIV infection through heterosexual contact, and socioeconomic barriers to needed health and social services. •Meaningful community engagement is an effective framework for studying a complex topic such as this. • Strategic composition of the research team with researchers of diverse backgrounds. • Community-based analysis of the key issues/Social Determinants of Health. • Adopting the principle of valuing people‘s capacity to think and work together for better living and healthier choices. • Meaningful community engagement e.g. The use of CAG (Community Advisory Group) was a lever for transformation. • In Ottawa: empowered women are self-advocating for visibili...
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Summary: US and Canadian Black African Immigrant mothers are disproportionately affected by HIV c... more Summary: US and Canadian Black African Immigrant mothers are disproportionately affected by HIV compared with mothers of other races. It is recommended to exclusively formula feed their infants. However, infant feeding practices are significantly influenced by culture. This literature review examines socio-cultural determinants of infant feeding choices with HIV mothers. Learning Activity: LEARNING OBJECTIVES EXPANDED CONTENT OUTLINE The learner will be able to identify cultural behaviors influencing of infant feeding choices of mothers of African descent living with HIV in the US and Canada. Cultural behaviors identified from the literature review influencing infant feeding choices of HIV positive women of African descent will be presented The learner will have an understanding of the importance of socio-cultural factors to infant The learners will be presented four main conclusions providing the learner the feeding choices among African women living with HIV. information for the i...
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AIDS Care, 2013
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AIDS Care, 2012
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Ethnicity & Disease
Objective: Worldwide, 160,000 children were newly infected with HIV in 2018; half of these were i... more Objective: Worldwide, 160,000 children were newly infected with HIV in 2018; half of these were infected through breastfeeding. Infant feeding guidelines are distinct depending on each country’s resources and national or sub-national guidelines. Because of divergent guidelines, the best infant feeding approach to prevent mother-to-child transmission can become unclear. The purpose of this study was to examine the sociocultural and psychosocial factors related to adherence to infant feeding guidelines through a city-level, North-South comparison of Black mothers living with HIV in Nigeria, Canada, and the United States.Design: Using a cross-sectional multi-country survey, a convenience sample of 690 mothers were recruited from June 2016 - December 2019. Socio-cultural and psychosocial factors influencing infant feeding practices were measured.Results: Using binary logistic regression, infant feeding attitudes (OR = 1.10), motherhood experiences (OR = 1.08), low hyper-vigilance sc...
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Circulation, 2018
Background: People living with HIV (PLHIV) are at increased risk for developing cardiovascular di... more Background: People living with HIV (PLHIV) are at increased risk for developing cardiovascular disease (CVD). Cardiorespiratory fitness is the best indicator of CVD-related morbidity and mortality ...
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Additional file 1. Client Survey. This is the survey developed for and used in this study.
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Additional file 2. Focus Group Guide. This is the focus group guide developed for this study and ... more Additional file 2. Focus Group Guide. This is the focus group guide developed for this study and used to guide discussion during the client focus groups.
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Journal of AIDS & clinical research, 2013
The engagement of patients with their health care providers (HCP) improves patients' quality ... more The engagement of patients with their health care providers (HCP) improves patients' quality of life (QOL), adherence to antiretroviral therapy, and life satisfaction. Engagement with HCP includes access to HCP as needed, information sharing, involvement of client in decision making and self-care activities, respect and support of the HCP for the client's choices, and management of client concerns. This study compares country-level differences in patients' engagement with HCP and assesses statistical associations relative to adherence rates, self-efficacy, self-esteem, QOL, and symptom self-reporting by people living with HIV (PLHIV). A convenience sample of 2,182 PLHIV was enrolled in the United States, Canada, Puerto Rico, Namibia, and China. Cross-sectional data were collected between September 2009 and January 2011. Inclusion criteria were being at least 18 years of age, diagnosed with HIV, able to provide informed consent, and able to communicate in the local langua...
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Additional file 3. Interview Guide. This is the interview guide developed for this study and used... more Additional file 3. Interview Guide. This is the interview guide developed for this study and used to guide discussion during the client interviews.
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International Breastfeeding Journal, 2020
Background WHO guidelines recommend breastfeeding for mothers living with HIV adherent to antiret... more Background WHO guidelines recommend breastfeeding for mothers living with HIV adherent to antiretroviral therapy in countries where formula is not accessible. In Canada and the US, guidelines for mothers living with HIV recommend exclusive formula feeding. Awareness of national infant feeding guidelines and socio-cultural factors influence infant feeding choices that may result in an increased risk of vertical transmission of HIV. The purpose of this paper is to present factors associated with awareness of guidelines among Black mothers living with HIV. Data were derived from a survey conducted as part of a recent international study that examined infant feeding practices among Black women living with HIV in Ottawa, Canada; Port Harcourt, Nigeria; and Miami, Florida. Methods Participants (n = 690) from Port Harcourt (n = 400), Miami (n = 201), and Ottawa (n = 89) were surveyed on their awareness of infant feeding guidelines for mothers living with HIV. Data were collected between No...
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Summary: This presentation about International Nursing Network for HIV Research will include reco... more Summary: This presentation about International Nursing Network for HIV Research will include recommendations for the formation of collaborative teams and global partnerships, the development and execution of study protocols, and the dissemination of rigorous scientific work to increase the impact and presence of nurses in any field of research.
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As healthcare professionals, we come into contact with patients on a daily basis, and it is impor... more As healthcare professionals, we come into contact with patients on a daily basis, and it is important that the professional relationship we develop with our patients is one built on respect and trust. One important element of this is gaining consent. In this article, Peter Ellis explores what consent is, why it is important and when and how it should be gained. The Ever-Changing Landscape of Informed Consent and Whether the Obligation to Explain a Procedure to the Patient May Be Delegated Samuel D. Hodge, Maria Zambrano Steinhaus Arkansas Law Review, January 2019; 71(3) Abstract Informed consent is an integral part of the shared decision making process and requires a patient be informed of the benefits, risks and alternatives to a medical procedure. This information, which requirement has been codified into the law and practice of every healthcare provider, helps a patient decide whether to proceed with the recommended treatment plan. Informed consent has its foundation in the ethic...
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Rapid prototyping is an iterative approach to design involving cycles of prototype building, revi... more Rapid prototyping is an iterative approach to design involving cycles of prototype building, review by end-users and refinement, and can be a valuable tool in user-centered website design. Informed by various user-centered approaches, we used rapid prototyping as a tool to collaborate with users in building a peer-support focused smoking-cessation website for gay men living with HIV. Rapid prototyping was effective in eliciting feedback on the needs of this group of potential end-users from a smoking cessation website.
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AIDS Care, 2021
Little is known about how demographic, employment and meteorological factors impact physical acti... more Little is known about how demographic, employment and meteorological factors impact physical activity. We conducted an analysis to explore these associations from participants (N = 447) from six cities in the United States and matched their activity data with abstracted local meteorological data from National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) weather reports. Participants were purposively recruited in 3-month blocks, from December 2015 to October 2017, to reflect physical activity engagement across the seasons. We calculated total physical activity (minutes/week) based on 7-day physical activity recall. Mild correlations were observed between meteorological factors and correlated with lower physical activity. Participants were least active in autumn (Median = 220 min/week) and most active in spring (Median = 375 min/week). In addition to level of education and total hours of work, maximum temperature, relative humidity, heating degree day, precipitation and sunset time together explained 17.6% of variance in total physical activity. Programs assisting in employment for PLHIV and those that promote indoor physical activity during more strenuous seasons are needed. Additional research to better understand the selection, preferences, and impact of indoor environments on physical activity is warranted.
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Papers by J. Craig Phillips