Papers by Stella Mandalaki
Στην ομηρική περιγραφή της ασπίδας του Αχιλλέα στη ραψωδία Σ της Ιλιάδας ο Δαίδαλος σχετίζεται με... more Στην ομηρική περιγραφή της ασπίδας του Αχιλλέα στη ραψωδία Σ της Ιλιάδας ο Δαίδαλος σχετίζεται με την κατασκευή ενός χοροστασίου στο ανάκτορο της Κνωσού, για χάρη της Αριάδνης. Πρόκειται για την παλαιότερη σαφή γραπτή αναφορά στον εφευρετικό τεχνίτη που μεγαλούργησε στη βασιλική αυλή του Μίνωα, μετά από την πιθανή μνεία του ονόματός του σε πινακίδες της Γραμμικής Β΄ από την Κνωσό (αρ. κατ. 1), όπου ο όρος «δαιδάλειον» (da-da-re-jo) συμπεριλαμβάνεται σε κατάλογο μινωικών ιερών, τα οποία είναι αποδέκτες τελετουργικών προφορών. Εύλογα προκύπτει η απορία για τη σημασία της συγκεκριμένης επινόησης του μυθικού τεχνίτη λόγω της αναφοράς της στο ομηρικό κείμενο.
Αφετηρία της αναζήτησής μας θα μπορούσε να αποτελέσει η παρατήρηση ότι το χοροστάσι, ως δομική κατασκευή, παραπέμπει στη γενικότερη ενότητα της Αρχιτεκτονικής, στην οποία διέπρεψε ο μυθικός τεχνίτης, αφού του αποδίδονται η δημιουργία του Λαβυρίνθου, όπως επίσης ο σχεδιασμός και η ανοικοδόμηση των μινωικών ανακτόρων. Από τους επιμέρους χώρους του μινωικού ανακτόρου, η δυτική αυλή θεωρείται ότι εξυπηρετεί αφενός την επικοινωνία του ανακτόρου με την πόλη, και αφετέρου την τέλεση ορχηστικών και γενικότερα θρησκευτικών δρώμενων που ενδεχομένως σχετίζονται με την επιφάνεια της θεότητας, η οποία πιθανότατα αναπαριστάνεται στη γνωστή μικρογραφική τοιχογραφία του «Ιερού Άλσους και του Χορού». Οι επιμέρους παράμετροι που καθορίζουν τη διαμόρφωση του χοροστασίου στην κνωσιακή τοιχογραφία, απηχούν προφανώς τα πραγματικά δεδομένα της οργάνωσης ορχηστικών ανακτορικών τελετών κατά τα μέσα της δεύτερης χιλιετίας π.Χ., περίοδο στην οποία εντάσσεται χρονολογικά η εξεταζόμενη τοιχογραφία, ενώ ταυτόχρονα δικαιολογούν την εμπλοκή του Δαίδαλου στην κατασκευή του ανακτορικού ορχηστικού χώρου.
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Π. Καραναστάση, Α. Τζιγκουνάκη και Χρ. Τσιγωνάκη (επιμ), Αρχαιολογικό Έργο Κρήτης 4, Πρακτικά της 4ης Συνάντησης, Ρέθυμνο, 24-27 Νοεμβρίου 2016, Ρέθυμνο 2020, Τόμ. Α΄, 75-87, 2020
In May 2014, the renovated Archaeological Museum of Heraklion reopened to the public after the re... more In May 2014, the renovated Archaeological Museum of Heraklion reopened to the public after the re-exhibition of the Collections had been completed with European funding from NSRF. The implementation of the project, however, continued into the following year. This extension included the installation of multimedia at eleven spots in the exhibition area, the production of an informational sign and the publication of an illustrated edition under the title “The Minoan World. Journey to the Origins of Europe”. In the framework of another European funding, two digital educational programs were also designed in co-operation with the Multimedia Lab of the Technological Institute of Crete. In addition, the building which houses the Epigraphical Collection was renovated, along with the Lecture hall, the room housing the infrastructure for the implementation of the educational programs, as well as the gallery for temporary exhibitions. In 2016, special care was invested in attracting different social groups to the Museum through a series of outreach activities, like lectures, thematic guided tours in the exhibition, excursions to archaeological sites, musical events, live workshops of weaving and wheel-made pottery production, presentation of artefacts from the storerooms and the creation of a web site.
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Π. Καραναστάση, Α. Τζιγκουνάκη και Χρ. Τσιγωνάκη (επιμ), Αρχαιολογικό Έργο Κρήτης 4, Πρακτικά της 4ης Συνάντησης, Ρέθυμνο, 24-27 Νοεμβρίου 2016, Ρέθυμνο 2020, Τόμ. Β΄, 103-119, 2020
In this study, a reconstruction of the archaeological landscape between the districts of Gournes ... more In this study, a reconstruction of the archaeological landscape between the districts of Gournes and Chersonesos is attempted, based on new archaeological data coming from small scale rescue excavations and the supervision of digging activities related to the improvements of the sewer systems of the area and the expansion of the North National Road. Most of the Minoan sites in question are dated to the Protopalatial and Final Palatial periods. A Prepalatial (MM IA) settlement without clear architectural structures was found at the hotel “NANA” area in Stalida. An extensive settlement at the modern village of Agriana is dated to the Protopalatial and early Neopalatial periods. Of the same date is the partly excavated settlement in the area of the hotel “AMIRANDES” and a group of pottery found along the road from Kato Gouves to Ano Gouves. A number of other sites in the districts of Ano Gouves and Kato Gouves are dated to the Final Palatial period. A unique example of continuous habitation from LM IB to LM IIIB was revealed near the local primary school at Gournes. The almost complete absence of LM IA and LM IB installations, with the exception of the important site at Gournes, confirms the centralization of the habitation pattern during the Neopalatial period, probably due to the expansive policy of the palace of Knossos.
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Π. Καραναστάση, Α. Τζιγκουνάκη και Χρ. Τσιγωνάκη (επιμ), Αρχαιολογικό Έργο Κρήτης 3, Πρακτικά τρίτης συνάντησης, Ρέθυμνο 5-8 Δεκεμβρίου 2013, Ρέθυμνο 2015, Τόμ. A, 263-269. , 2015
During excavation works for the arrangement of a new entrance to the archaeological site of the e... more During excavation works for the arrangement of a new entrance to the archaeological site of the early Byzantine basilica on the hill of Kastri in Chersonesos, architectural remains of a Neopalatial Minoan settlement came to light. Parts of three rooms and a corridor, mostly damaged by later building activities in Geometric, Hellenistic and Roman times, as well as by modern constructions, were unearthed at the west plateau of the hill. The walls are preserved at the foundation level. A destruction layer with complete vessels was revealed on the floors inside the rooms. The settlement, which had a second storey, covered the whole rocky hill by the sea, as a large quantity of Minoan pottery was collected north of the basilica and among the graves of the early Byzantine cemetery south of the basilica. The pottery (lustrous ware with “ripple” decoration or red/brown bands, buff dark on light ware with splashes of paint, absence of carinated cups), dates the main occupation phase of the settlement to MM IIIB, while former habitation in Prepalatial, Protopalatial and MM IIIA is indicated by the ceramic material. Among the most interesting finds from the excavation is a stone model of a clam coated with gold leaves.
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Π. Καραναστάση, Α. Τζιγκουνάκη και Χρ. Τσιγωνάκη (επιμ), Αρχαιολογικό Έργο Κρήτης 3, Πρακτικά τρίτης συνάντησης, Ρέθυμνο 5-8 Δεκεμβρίου 2013, Ρέθυμνο 2015, Τόμ. A, 379-386, 2015
The excavation of the Roman theatre of Chersonesos during 2011-2013 was undertaken by the 23rd Ep... more The excavation of the Roman theatre of Chersonesos during 2011-2013 was undertaken by the 23rd Ephorate of Prehistoric and Classical Antiquities with the collaboration of the Chersonesos Municipality and the Region of Crete. Archaeological research brought to light most part of the cavea, the two retaining semi-circular walls along with the substructure (radiating walls and pillars) which supported the upper cavea, the floor of the orchestra covered with solid earth, the scenae frons and partly the proscenium façade, decorated with niches and worked blocks with cymation. Only the lowest five stepped rows of seats of the cavea have survived, although the initial stone lining is missing apart from the first row founded on the floor of the orchestra. The cavea was surrounded by a vaulted portico, which is a typical feature of the roman theatres. During the 5th-6th century AD or even much earlier, the spaces of the vaulted portico and the surrounding area of the theatre were used by ceramic workshops.
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Π. Καραναστάση, Α. Τζιγκουνάκη και Χρ. Τσιγωνάκη (επιμ), Αρχαιολογικό Έργο Κρήτης 3, Πρακτικά τρίτης συνάντησης, Ρέθυμνο 5-8 Δεκεμβρίου 2013, Ρέθυμνο 2015, Τόμ. A, 241-50. , 2015
During a rescue excavation of the 23rd Ephorate of Antiquities in 2007 and 2010, part of an exten... more During a rescue excavation of the 23rd Ephorate of Antiquities in 2007 and 2010, part of an extensive Protopalatial settlement was revealed at the coast of Kato Gouves, north of the “Amirandes” hotel. Except for three strong walls, probably used as buttresses against the sea waves, at the north-east section of the excavated area, standing in more than 1.50 m of height, no other exterior wall was unearthed. Parts of at least 19 rooms came to light, although the estimated total number of inner spaces is much larger. Among the living quarters, an open area, paved of rough slabs and stones, was discovered. The rooms, most probably belonging to the same building, had a second storey.
According to the excavation data, the settlement was established in MM IB, at the site of an older ruined building, and flourished mainly in MM II. It was destroyed by fire at the end of the Protopalatial period. A very limited habitation is attested after the destruction, probably at the beginning of the Neopalatial period during MM IIIA, when it was finally abandoned. The pottery shows close affinities with the ceramic material from Quartier Mu of Malia, thus suggesting that the Minoan settlement at Kato Gouves was under the influence of the palace of Malia.
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Πεπραγμένα ΙΑ΄Διεθνούς Κρητολογικού Συνεδρίου, Ρέθυμνο, 21-27 Οκτωβρίου 2011, Ιστορική και Λαογραφική Εταιρεία Ρεθύμνης, Ρέθυμνο 2018, Τόμ. Α2.2 (επιμ. Ε. Γαβριλάκη), 27-45, 2018
Μέσα από τη συγκριτική μελέτη των ανασκαφικών δεδομένων δύο σύγχρονων ρωμαϊκών νεκροταφείων στον ... more Μέσα από τη συγκριτική μελέτη των ανασκαφικών δεδομένων δύο σύγχρονων ρωμαϊκών νεκροταφείων στον οικισμό του Τσούτσουρα (οικόπεδα Μαυρομάτη-Παπαδάτου και Κεφαλάκη), επιχειρείται η προσέγγιση της κοινωνικής διαστρωμάτωσης της αρχαίας Ινάτου, η οποία είναι εμφανής στις ταφικές πρακτικές που ακολουθούνται στα δύο νεκροταφεία, στο ανατολικό όριο της αρχαίας. πόλης. Παρά την ομοιότητα των κατασκευών (κτιστοί τάφοι με επάλληλες στρώσεις πλίνθων και κονιάματος, καλυβίτες), καθώς επίσης των ταφικών εθίμων και τελετουργιών (εναπόθεση συγκεκριμένων κτερισμάτων, υγρές προσφορές), παρατηρούνται σημαντικές διαφορές κυρίως στη διευθέτηση του χώρου και στον πλούτο των κτερισμάτων. Έτσι, στο οικόπεδο Μαυρομάτη-Παπαδάτου ανασκάφτηκαν συνολικά 107 ταφές, πρωτογενείς και ανακομιδές, σε τρία επάλληλα ταφικά στρώματα. Αντίθετα, στο οικόπεδο Κεφαλάκη διακρίνονται τρία ταφικά συγκροτήματα που οριοθετούνται με πλατύ διάδρομο από λεπιδόχωμα και βοτσαλωτό δάπεδο. Περισσότερο ενδιαφέρον είναι το συγκρότημα των τάφων εντός κτιστών περιβόλων, οι οποίοι περιείχαν προσωπικά αντικείμενα και χρυσά ή αργυρά κοσμήματα. Φαίνεται, λοιπόν, ότι το συγκεκριμένο συγκρότημα προοριζόταν για την ανώτερη κοινωνική τάξη της ρωμαϊκής πόλης.
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S. Mandalaki and G. Rethemiotakis (eds), The Minoan World. Journey to the origins of Europe, Heraklion Archaeological Museum 2015, 137-150
The figure of the bull was identified with the Minoan world. Its indissoluble relationship to rel... more The figure of the bull was identified with the Minoan world. Its indissoluble relationship to religion and cult ritual does not merely highlight aspects of religious expression. It also projects the political ideal of the palatial system, the sovereign power of the ruler. The emblematic character of the bull was reinforced during the Neopalatial period and reached its peak in the pictorial decoration of the palace of Knossos, where it served the king's display of power.
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Σ. Μανδαλάκη και Γ. Ρεθεμιωτάκης (επιμ), Μινωικός κόσμος. Ταξίδι στις απαρχές της Ευρώπης, Αρχαιολογικό Μουσείο Ηρακλείου 2015, 137-150
Η μορφή του ταύρου ταυτίστηκε με τη φυσιογνωμία του μινωικού κόσμου. Η άρρηκτη σχέση του με τη θρ... more Η μορφή του ταύρου ταυτίστηκε με τη φυσιογνωμία του μινωικού κόσμου. Η άρρηκτη σχέση του με τη θρησκεία και το τελετουργικό τυπικό δεν αναδεικνύει απλώς πτυχές της θρησκευτικής έκφρασης. Προβάλλει παράλληλα το πολιτικό ιδεώδες του ανακτορικού συστήματος, την κυρίαρχη δύναμη του ηγεμόνα. Ο εμβληματικός χαρακτήρας του ταύρου ενισχύεται κατά τη νεοανακτορική περίοδο και κορυφώνεται στον εικονογραφικό διάκοσμο του ανακτόρου της Κνωσού, όπου υπηρετεί την επίδειξη ισχύος του άνακτα.
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S. Mandalaki and G. Rethemiotakis, The Minoan World. Journey to the origins of Europe, Heraklion Archaeological Museum 2015, 95-136
The refined religious ideology apparent in the conception of the transcendental in relationship t... more The refined religious ideology apparent in the conception of the transcendental in relationship to death and the divine marks the development of metaphysical perceptions at the core of Minoan theological thought. Despite the absence of written sources of a religious or literary nature, indirect pictorial testimonies attest the gradual formation of an organised system of worship and ritual practices indicating a particularly advanced perception of the divine, on a par with that of Egypt and the East, some influences from both of which are apparent. Ground breaking in its conception, centred on mankind and the human relationship with the divine, Minoan religious ideology expresses the metaphysical pursuits of Minoan society while simultaneously forming a means of imposing palatial authority.
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Σ. Μανδαλάκη και Γ. Ρεθεμιωτάκης (επιμ), Μινωικός κόσμος. Ταξίδι στις απαρχές της Ευρώπης, Αρχαιολογικό Μουσείο Ηρακλείου 2015, 95-136
Η εκλεπτυσμένη θρησκευτική ιδεολογία στη σύλληψη του υπερβατικού σε σχέση με το θείο και το θάνατ... more Η εκλεπτυσμένη θρησκευτική ιδεολογία στη σύλληψη του υπερβατικού σε σχέση με το θείο και το θάνατο σηματοδοτεί την ανάπτυξη μεταφυσικών αντιλήψεων στον πυρήνα της μινωικής θεολογικής σκέψης. Παρά την απουσία γραπτών πηγών θρησκευτικού ή φιλολογικού χαρακτήρα, έμμεσες εικονογραφικές μαρτυρίες πιστοποιούν τη σταδιακή διαμόρφωση ενός οργανωμένου συστήματος λατρείας και τελετουργικών πρακτικών που απηχούν ιδιαίτερα αναπτυγμένο επίπεδο θεογνωστικής αντίληψης, ανάλογο με εκείνο των πολιτισμών της Αιγύπτου και της Ανατολής, απ’ όπου αναγνωρίζονται συγκεκριμένες επιρροές. Πρωτότυπη στη σύλληψή της, έχοντας ως επίκεντρο τον άνθρωπο και την οικεία σχέση με το θείο, η μινωική θρησκευτική ιδεολογία εκφράζει τις μεταφυσικές αναζητήσεις της μινωικής κοινωνίας και παράλληλα αποτελεί μέσο επιβολής της ανακτορικής εξουσίας.
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S. Mandalaki and G. Rethemiotakis (eds), The Minoan World. Journey to the origins of Europe, Heraklion Archaeological Museum 2015, 13-62
A defining characteristic of the Minoan civilisation is the creation of the palatial system as a ... more A defining characteristic of the Minoan civilisation is the creation of the palatial system as a basic means for the dominant ruling class to exercise administrative authority. Arthur Evans, the excavator of the palace at Knossos, surmised that the Minoan palaces were built according to the corresponding administrative models of Egypt and the East, where palatial authority was an institution with a long history. In fact, however, the course from the formation of the first communities to the establishment of the palatial centres was a more complex affair. Lengthy social processes led gradually from the organization of the small settlements to the planning of urban-type towns centred on the palace complexes.
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Σ. Μανδαλάκη και Γ. Ρεθεμιωτάκης (επιμ), Μινωικός κόσμος. Ταξίδι στις απαρχές της Ευρώπης, Αρχαιολογικό Μουσείο Ηρακλείου 2015, 13-62
Χαρακτηριστικό στοιχείο ταυτότητας του μινωικού πολιτισμού αποτελεί η δημιουργία του ανακτορικού ... more Χαρακτηριστικό στοιχείο ταυτότητας του μινωικού πολιτισμού αποτελεί η δημιουργία του ανακτορικού συστήματος ως βασικού άξονα στην άσκηση διοικητικού ελέγχου από την επικρατούσα άρχουσα τάξη. Ο ανασκαφέας του ανακτόρου της Κνωσού, A. Evans, υπέθεσε ότι η ανέγερση των μινωικών ανακτόρων πραγματοποιήθηκε κατ’ αναλογία με αντίστοιχα διοικητικά πρότυπα από την Αίγυπτο και την Ανατολή, όπου ο θεσμός της ανακτορικής εξουσίας είχε μακραίωνη ιστορία. Στην πραγματικότητα, η πορεία από τη συγκρότηση των πρώτων κοινοτήτων μέχρι την ίδρυση των ανακτορικών κέντρων ήταν περισσότερο σύνθετη. Μακρόχρονες κοινωνικές διεργασίες οδήγησαν σταδιακά από την οργάνωση των μικρών οικισμών στο σχεδιασμό των πόλεων αστικού χαρακτήρα με επίκεντρο τα ανακτορικά συγκροτήματα.
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A Journey to the Land of Immortals: Treasures of Ancient Greece, Catalogue of exhibition, Tokyo, Nagasaki, Kobe 2016-2017, Tokyo 2016, 046, 058, 2016
The complex construction of the Knossian palace and its mythological connection with the legendar... more The complex construction of the Knossian palace and its mythological connection with the legendary king Minos, inspired the identification of the site with the Labyrinth, the living place of the Minotaur, a monster with a human body and a bull’s head. According to the legend, the Greek hero Theseus helped by Mino’s daughter Ariadne, killed Minotaur and put an end to the abominable blood tax imposed on the Athenians by Minos.
The myth reflects different aspects of the Minoan political system and religious beliefs.
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Ν. Σαραγά, Γ. Θεοχάρης και Α. Μητροπούλου (επιμ), Θεοί και ήρωες των αρχαίων Ελλήνων, Κατάλογος Έκθεσης, 15 Νοεμβρίου 2016 - 15 Φεβρουαρίου 2017, Κρατικό Ιστορικό Μουσείο Μόσχας, Αθήνα 2017, 19-28, 2017
Long before the formation of the ancient Greek pantheon, as presented in art and literary texts o... more Long before the formation of the ancient Greek pantheon, as presented in art and literary texts of the historical times, the perception of the divine had reached an advanced level of theological approach in the great prehistoric civilizations of the Aegean. Archaeological evidence testifies to the institutionalized worship of gods and to the development of organized ritual practices in the official religion of the ancient cultures flourished in the Aegean: the Cycladic, the Minoan and the Mycenaean. Although the first scripts invented in Minoan Crete have not been deciphered yet, references from the first Greek script, the Linear B, used by the bureaucratic system of the Late Minoan palace of Knossos and the Mycenaean palatial centres, indicate that the core of the ancient Greek pantheon had already been conceived till the end of the 14th century B.C.
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E. Papadopoulou-Chrysikopoulou, V. Chrysikopoulos and G. Christakopoulou (eds), ACHAIOS. Studies Presented to Professor Thanasis I. Papadopoulos, Oxford 2016, 165-176., 2016
In the summer of 2008, during infrastructure works at the Teachers‟ Building Association plot, no... more In the summer of 2008, during infrastructure works at the Teachers‟ Building Association plot, northeast of the cave of Eileithyia and about 250m. southeast of the hill of Paliochora at Amnissos, a minoan wall of Prepalatial period was revealed. As a consequence, a rescue excavation was undertaken by the 23rd Ephorate of Prehistoric and Classical Antiquities. The research brought to light an elongated wall extending from east to west about 25m. in length. The construction is very rough and is consisted of unworked stones of different size, put in one course of almost horizontal arrangement. However, it is almost certain that the initial construction continued to the east and to the west, as it is suggested by a lot of rough stones scattered at the nearby fields, following the direction of the excavated wall. It is also probable that it had more than one courses, since a second course was discovered at two different parts of the wall. The width of the construction is differentiated. It is suggested that this long wall was part of the Minoan defensive system in the area, exercising access control from the coast to the hinterland.
The pottery forms and decoration date the construction to MM IA, while a very small quantity of fragments could be dated to MM IB. The ceramic material shows close affinities with EM III late/MM IA contexts from Knossos. A detailed presentation of the pottery is presented in the paper.
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Μ. Ανδριανάκης, Π. Βαρθαλίτου και Ι. Τζαχίλη (επιμ), Αρχαιολογικό Έργο Κρήτης 2, Πρακτικά της 2ης Συνάντησης, Ρέθυμνο 26-28 Νοεμβρίου 2010, Ρέθυμνο 2012, 154-163, 2012
The excavations of Marinatos and Alexiou at the coastal site of Amnissos brought to light importa... more The excavations of Marinatos and Alexiou at the coastal site of Amnissos brought to light important buildings of Protopalatial and Neopalatial periods, part of the LM III settlement, the shrine of Zeus Thenatas and the cave of Eileithyia. Excavation at the Teachers’ Building Association plot revealed an elongated wall of about 25m in length, extending from east to west at the northwest part of the plot, 250m south-east of the Minoan settlement on the hill of Paliochora. The wall is much destroyed by cultivation and is preserved in just one course. The construction, dated to MM IA, is very rough of unworked stones of different size. A large quantity of sherds from broken egg-cups, footless goblets, tripod cooking pots, plates, bowls and rounded cups, found at the south façade of the long wall, together with a heap of fallen rocks, indicate human habitation. The construction of the long wall crossing a small plateau among low hills is probably related to the control of circulation from the sea to the hinterland by the central authorities of Prepalatial Knossos.
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T. Brogan and E. Hallager (eds), LM IB Pottery. Relative chronology and regional differences. Acts of a workshop held at the Danish Institute at Athens in collaboration with the INSTAP Study Center for East Crete, 27-29 June 2007, Athens 2011, Vol. 2, 379-391, 2011
The LM IB building is located on top of a low hill (“Kolokithi”) facing the plateau of the villag... more The LM IB building is located on top of a low hill (“Kolokithi”) facing the plateau of the village of Skinias, not far from the village of Lagouta. In 1997, the 23rd Ephorate of Antiquities of Iraklion conducted a rescue excavation at this location; extensive looting had partially destroyed the settlement as well as large quantities of pottery stored inside the building. The entire structure was uncovered in order to prevent future looting. In addition to the illegal activity, the southwest corner of the building was partly destroyed by quarrying, while some walls of the storerooms were destroyed by cultivation. Despite these, the plan of the building is clear. The building occupies approximately 250 m². The exterior north wall is not preserved, but its location is suggested by a few large blocks still in situ at the northeast corner of the excavated area. The main entrance was through a portico located on the south side; a secondary entrance at the southeast corner provided access to a staircase leading to the upper storey rooms. The ground floor rooms included an internal open space, a light well (Room 7)and five rooms that served as storage areas (Rooms 1, 4, 5, 6 and 8).
Over 900 vases were carefully stored in the building. Of these, roughly 650 were conical cups. It is noteworthy that vessels of the same shape were stored in the same room, the one inside the other.The paper presents in detail the most characteristic pottery from each room. The forms and decoration show north-central orientation (similarities mainly with Nirou Chani, Knossos and Phaistos). However, the large quantities of fine ware mark the local production of the majority of the material, although imports from Knossos area or east Crete are expected.
According to the excavation data, the pottery belongs to a single phase of occupation, which is dated to the end of LM IB. Just before the beginning of LM II, the building was destroyed by an extensive fire which sealed the context.
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A. Matalas and N. Xirotiris (eds), Fish and Seafood. Anthropological Perspectives from the Past and the Present, 28th ICAF Proceedings, Kamilari 2009, Heraklion 2013, 139-149, 2013
Romans enjoyed meals with fish, especially during the imperial period. Fish keeping and breeding ... more Romans enjoyed meals with fish, especially during the imperial period. Fish keeping and breeding in tanks cut in the rock or constructed by the seaside, were practiced in a large scale all over Mediterranean. Some examples in Crete are mentioned from Chersonesos, Mochlos, Seteia and Matala. The fish tanks of the roman town of Chersonesos, 25 km east of Iraklion, are located in the sea by the low hill of Kastri. Although they are not visible nowadays, since the sea level is 1m. higher than roman times, their plan is clear thanks to the underwater survey of Hood and Leatham in 1955. The group is consisted of three independent compartments of different dimensions, oriented from NE to SW, cut in the rocky cliffs and partly built in concrete. Each compartment has two channels, one for the renewal of seawater and one for the overflow. Numerous cuttings of different size scattered all over the rocky shore, indicate the existence of rough installations, probably of wood and textile, for the treatment of the fish.
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A.N. Angelakis and D. Koutsoyiannis (eds), 1st IWA International Symposium on Water and Wastewater Technologies in Ancient Civilizations, National Agricultural Research Foundation, Iraklio, Greece, 28-30 October 2006, Symposium Preprint Book, 265-270, 2006
During the Roman imperial period, increasingly complex systems for the tapping, transfer, storage... more During the Roman imperial period, increasingly complex systems for the tapping, transfer, storage and consumption of water were utilized across the Mediterranean. In Crete, a wealth of such remains (including aqueducts, reservoirs, cisterns, bathhouses etc.) have been documented over the past centuries through field exploration, survey and excavation. This paper presents and discusses the relevant evidence for water management dating to the Roman period from the town of Chersonissos and its hinterland. Starting with the discussion of water sources and the aqueduct, the paper traces the course of the supply network through the excavated remains of water conduits, cisterns and bathhouses.
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Papers by Stella Mandalaki
Αφετηρία της αναζήτησής μας θα μπορούσε να αποτελέσει η παρατήρηση ότι το χοροστάσι, ως δομική κατασκευή, παραπέμπει στη γενικότερη ενότητα της Αρχιτεκτονικής, στην οποία διέπρεψε ο μυθικός τεχνίτης, αφού του αποδίδονται η δημιουργία του Λαβυρίνθου, όπως επίσης ο σχεδιασμός και η ανοικοδόμηση των μινωικών ανακτόρων. Από τους επιμέρους χώρους του μινωικού ανακτόρου, η δυτική αυλή θεωρείται ότι εξυπηρετεί αφενός την επικοινωνία του ανακτόρου με την πόλη, και αφετέρου την τέλεση ορχηστικών και γενικότερα θρησκευτικών δρώμενων που ενδεχομένως σχετίζονται με την επιφάνεια της θεότητας, η οποία πιθανότατα αναπαριστάνεται στη γνωστή μικρογραφική τοιχογραφία του «Ιερού Άλσους και του Χορού». Οι επιμέρους παράμετροι που καθορίζουν τη διαμόρφωση του χοροστασίου στην κνωσιακή τοιχογραφία, απηχούν προφανώς τα πραγματικά δεδομένα της οργάνωσης ορχηστικών ανακτορικών τελετών κατά τα μέσα της δεύτερης χιλιετίας π.Χ., περίοδο στην οποία εντάσσεται χρονολογικά η εξεταζόμενη τοιχογραφία, ενώ ταυτόχρονα δικαιολογούν την εμπλοκή του Δαίδαλου στην κατασκευή του ανακτορικού ορχηστικού χώρου.
According to the excavation data, the settlement was established in MM IB, at the site of an older ruined building, and flourished mainly in MM II. It was destroyed by fire at the end of the Protopalatial period. A very limited habitation is attested after the destruction, probably at the beginning of the Neopalatial period during MM IIIA, when it was finally abandoned. The pottery shows close affinities with the ceramic material from Quartier Mu of Malia, thus suggesting that the Minoan settlement at Kato Gouves was under the influence of the palace of Malia.
The myth reflects different aspects of the Minoan political system and religious beliefs.
The pottery forms and decoration date the construction to MM IA, while a very small quantity of fragments could be dated to MM IB. The ceramic material shows close affinities with EM III late/MM IA contexts from Knossos. A detailed presentation of the pottery is presented in the paper.
Over 900 vases were carefully stored in the building. Of these, roughly 650 were conical cups. It is noteworthy that vessels of the same shape were stored in the same room, the one inside the other.The paper presents in detail the most characteristic pottery from each room. The forms and decoration show north-central orientation (similarities mainly with Nirou Chani, Knossos and Phaistos). However, the large quantities of fine ware mark the local production of the majority of the material, although imports from Knossos area or east Crete are expected.
According to the excavation data, the pottery belongs to a single phase of occupation, which is dated to the end of LM IB. Just before the beginning of LM II, the building was destroyed by an extensive fire which sealed the context.
Αφετηρία της αναζήτησής μας θα μπορούσε να αποτελέσει η παρατήρηση ότι το χοροστάσι, ως δομική κατασκευή, παραπέμπει στη γενικότερη ενότητα της Αρχιτεκτονικής, στην οποία διέπρεψε ο μυθικός τεχνίτης, αφού του αποδίδονται η δημιουργία του Λαβυρίνθου, όπως επίσης ο σχεδιασμός και η ανοικοδόμηση των μινωικών ανακτόρων. Από τους επιμέρους χώρους του μινωικού ανακτόρου, η δυτική αυλή θεωρείται ότι εξυπηρετεί αφενός την επικοινωνία του ανακτόρου με την πόλη, και αφετέρου την τέλεση ορχηστικών και γενικότερα θρησκευτικών δρώμενων που ενδεχομένως σχετίζονται με την επιφάνεια της θεότητας, η οποία πιθανότατα αναπαριστάνεται στη γνωστή μικρογραφική τοιχογραφία του «Ιερού Άλσους και του Χορού». Οι επιμέρους παράμετροι που καθορίζουν τη διαμόρφωση του χοροστασίου στην κνωσιακή τοιχογραφία, απηχούν προφανώς τα πραγματικά δεδομένα της οργάνωσης ορχηστικών ανακτορικών τελετών κατά τα μέσα της δεύτερης χιλιετίας π.Χ., περίοδο στην οποία εντάσσεται χρονολογικά η εξεταζόμενη τοιχογραφία, ενώ ταυτόχρονα δικαιολογούν την εμπλοκή του Δαίδαλου στην κατασκευή του ανακτορικού ορχηστικού χώρου.
According to the excavation data, the settlement was established in MM IB, at the site of an older ruined building, and flourished mainly in MM II. It was destroyed by fire at the end of the Protopalatial period. A very limited habitation is attested after the destruction, probably at the beginning of the Neopalatial period during MM IIIA, when it was finally abandoned. The pottery shows close affinities with the ceramic material from Quartier Mu of Malia, thus suggesting that the Minoan settlement at Kato Gouves was under the influence of the palace of Malia.
The myth reflects different aspects of the Minoan political system and religious beliefs.
The pottery forms and decoration date the construction to MM IA, while a very small quantity of fragments could be dated to MM IB. The ceramic material shows close affinities with EM III late/MM IA contexts from Knossos. A detailed presentation of the pottery is presented in the paper.
Over 900 vases were carefully stored in the building. Of these, roughly 650 were conical cups. It is noteworthy that vessels of the same shape were stored in the same room, the one inside the other.The paper presents in detail the most characteristic pottery from each room. The forms and decoration show north-central orientation (similarities mainly with Nirou Chani, Knossos and Phaistos). However, the large quantities of fine ware mark the local production of the majority of the material, although imports from Knossos area or east Crete are expected.
According to the excavation data, the pottery belongs to a single phase of occupation, which is dated to the end of LM IB. Just before the beginning of LM II, the building was destroyed by an extensive fire which sealed the context.