research-article

Exploring large-scale peer-to-peer live streaming topologies

Authors:

Shuqiao ZhaoAuthors Info & Claims

ACM Transactions on Multimedia Computing, Communications, and Applications (TOMM), Volume 4, Issue 3

Article No.: 19, Pages 1 - 23

https://doi.org/10.1145/1386109.1386112

Published: 18 September 2008 Publication History

Abstract

Real-world live peer-to-peer (P2P) streaming applications have been successfully deployed in the Internet, delivering live multimedia content to millions of users at any given time. With relative simplicity in design with respect to peer selection and topology construction protocols and without much algorithmic sophistication, current-generation live P2P streaming applications are able to provide users with adequately satisfying viewing experiences. That said, little existing research has provided sufficient insights on the time-varying internal characteristics of peer-to-peer topologies in live streaming. This article presents Magellan, our collaborative work with UUSee Inc., Beijing, China, for exploring and charting graph theoretical properties of practical P2P streaming topologies, gaining important insights in their topological dynamics over a long period of time.

With more than 120 GB worth of traces starting September 2006 from a commercially deployed P2P live streaming system that represents UUSee's core product, we have completed a thorough and in-depth investigation of the topological properties in large-scale live P2P streaming, as well as their evolutionary behavior over time, for example, at different times of the day and in flash crowd scenarios. We seek to explore real-world P2P streaming topologies with respect to their graph theoretical metrics, such as the degree, clustering coefficient, and reciprocity. In addition, we compare our findings with results from existing studies on topological properties of P2P file sharing applications, and present new and unique observations specific to streaming. We have observed that live P2P streaming sessions demonstrate excellent scalability, a high level of reciprocity, a clustering phenomenon in each ISP, and a degree distribution that does not follow the power-law distribution.

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Cited By

Ma ZRouibia SGiroire FUrvoy-Keller G(2022)Neighbor Selection Strategies in the Wild for CDN/V2V WebRTC Live Streaming: Can we learn what a good neighbor is?2022 IEEE 47th Conference on Local Computer Networks (LCN)10.1109/LCN53696.2022.9843647(295-298)Online publication date: 26-Sep-2022
https://doi.org/10.1109/LCN53696.2022.9843647
Sasabe M(2019)Topological influence on optimality of Tit-for-Tat based P2P content distributionPeer-to-Peer Networking and Applications10.1007/s12083-019-00763-xOnline publication date: 17-May-2019
https://doi.org/10.1007/s12083-019-00763-x
Wang HChen XWang WChan M(2018)Content pollution propagation in the overlay network of peer-to-peer live streaming systems: modelling and analysisIET Communications10.1049/iet-com.2018.506912:17(2119-2131)Online publication date: 30-Oct-2018
https://doi.org/10.1049/iet-com.2018.5069
Show More Cited By

Index Terms

Exploring large-scale peer-to-peer live streaming topologies
1. Software and its engineering
  1. Software organization and properties
    1. Software system structures
      1. Distributed systems organizing principles
        Organizing principles for web applications

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Published In

cover image ACM Transactions on Multimedia Computing, Communications, and Applications

ACM Transactions on Multimedia Computing, Communications, and Applications Volume 4, Issue 3

August 2008

136 pages

ISSN:1551-6857

EISSN:1551-6865

DOI:10.1145/1386109

Issue’s Table of Contents

Copyright © 2008 ACM.

Permission to make digital or hard copies of all or part of this work for personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are not made or distributed for profit or commercial advantage and that copies bear this notice and the full citation on the first page. Copyrights for components of this work owned by others than ACM must be honored. Abstracting with credit is permitted. To copy otherwise, or republish, to post on servers or to redistribute to lists, requires prior specific permission and/or a fee. Request permissions from [email protected]

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Association for Computing Machinery

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Publication History

Published: 18 September 2008

Accepted: 01 October 2007

Revised: 01 October 2007

Received: 01 May 2007

Published in TOMM Volume 4, Issue 3

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Cited By

Ma ZRouibia SGiroire FUrvoy-Keller G(2022)Neighbor Selection Strategies in the Wild for CDN/V2V WebRTC Live Streaming: Can we learn what a good neighbor is?2022 IEEE 47th Conference on Local Computer Networks (LCN)10.1109/LCN53696.2022.9843647(295-298)Online publication date: 26-Sep-2022
https://doi.org/10.1109/LCN53696.2022.9843647
Sasabe M(2019)Topological influence on optimality of Tit-for-Tat based P2P content distributionPeer-to-Peer Networking and Applications10.1007/s12083-019-00763-xOnline publication date: 17-May-2019
https://doi.org/10.1007/s12083-019-00763-x
Wang HChen XWang WChan M(2018)Content pollution propagation in the overlay network of peer-to-peer live streaming systems: modelling and analysisIET Communications10.1049/iet-com.2018.506912:17(2119-2131)Online publication date: 30-Oct-2018
https://doi.org/10.1049/iet-com.2018.5069
Zhao CLin XWu C(2016)The streaming capacity of sparsely connected P2P systems with distributed controlIEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking10.1109/TNET.2014.235996324:1(58-71)Online publication date: 1-Feb-2016
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1109/TNET.2014.2359963
Wang JWang JLu KQian YGu N(2016)On the Optimal Linear Network Coding Design for Information Theoretically Secure Unicast StreamingIEEE Transactions on Multimedia10.1109/TMM.2016.254540318:6(1149-1162)Online publication date: 1-Jun-2016
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1109/TMM.2016.2545403
Gonçalves GCunha ÍVieira AAlmeida J(2016)Predicting the level of cooperation in a Peer-to-Peer live streaming applicationMultimedia Systems10.1007/s00530-014-0434-522:2(161-180)Online publication date: 1-Mar-2016
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1007/s00530-014-0434-5
Barwar NBhadada Rajesh (2016)Network Performance Analysis of Startup Buffering for Live Streaming in P2P VOD Systems for Mesh-Based TopologyProceedings of the International Congress on Information and Communication Technology10.1007/978-981-10-0755-2_29(271-279)Online publication date: 9-Jun-2016
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-0755-2_29
Ren DXu YChan S(2015)Beyond 1Mbps Global Overlay Live StreamingACM Transactions on Multimedia Computing, Communications, and Applications10.1145/265248511:2(1-22)Online publication date: 7-Jan-2015
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/2652485
Shen HLin YLi J(2015)A social-network-aided efficient peer-to-peer live streaming systemIEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking10.1109/TNET.2014.231143123:3(987-1000)Online publication date: 1-Jun-2015
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1109/TNET.2014.2311431
Mokhtarian KJacobsen H(2015)Minimum-delay multicast algorithms for mesh overlaysIEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking10.1109/TNET.2014.231073523:3(973-986)Online publication date: 1-Jun-2015
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1109/TNET.2014.2310735
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